University of New Brunswick: Centre for Digital Scholarship Journals
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Marine accidents ascribe to man or machine?
Full text linkThe International shipping industry is responsible for the carriage of around 90 % of the world trade (ICS, 2024). The efficient Marine Safety Information Services (MSIS) have been made available to the mariner besides national / international regulations using the upgraded navigational tools like ENCs and virtual e-navigation. A roadmap to switch over to the S-100 data model and generating new S-101 ENCs has already been prepared by the IHO. Irrespective of technological developments, marine accidents are increasing worldwide every year and the reports (MAIB, 2017) reveals that lack of trained manpower on bridge, lack of familiarization to the digital equipment and its use was the root cause of many of these marine casualties. The sub working group members of the NCWG have prepared a document on the Future of the Paper Nautical Chart (FOTPNC) in view of maximal use of ECDIS and ENCs onboard ships. The present study after analysing the aforesaid investigation reports reveals that the increase of marine accidents may be attributed to both man and machine
France Martineau, Wim Remysen et André Thibault, Le français au Québec et en Amérique du Nord, Paris, Éditions Ophrys, collection « L’essentiel Français », 2022, 384 p.
Full text linkVoices from the Frontlines:: Predictions on Quebec’s Pilot Specialized Courts for Sexual and Domestic Violence
Full text linkStaging Strategies in Canadian Drama and Performing Arts: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?
No full textIn the summer of 2022, we were cautiously returning to live performance following the lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic. It had been a tumultuous time, fraught with uncertainty as we navigated the rising death tolls left in the wake of the global pandemic. Stories of past plagues suddenly resonated, and as someone who regularly taught Shakespeare’s plays, I noticed how those works — Romeo and Juliet, for instance — suddenly gave my students pause to consider how the lives of these teenagers had been overshadowed by the spectre of plague. They could understand, maybe for the first time, how the social context of Shakespeare’s time played a specific role in the stories he told his audience
Les trois exils de Christian E. ou l’hybridation conte-théâtre dans le monologue acadien
No full textThe Irving Whale and Environmental Governance in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
No full textIn 1970 the oil barge Irving Whale, carrying a cargo of Bunker C oil, sank to the seafloor. During the weeks that followed a portion of the oil leaked into Gulf waters. Initial plans to recover the full cargo were frustrated and the barge rested on the seafloor for a further 25 years before the eventual remediation, by lifting. Over this time, the Canadian policy framework for marine environmental protection was transformed, from virtual laissez-faire to a multi-layered regulatory regime. The road to the eventual barge lift and remediation project reveals a complex interplay of forces that include salvage engineering, bio-physical science, and risk assessment, all mediated through federal bureaucratic politics and corporate-state bargaining.En 1970, la barge pétrolière Irving Whale, transportant une cargaison de mazout brut, a coulé au fond de la mer. Durant les semaines qui ont suivi, une partie du mazout s’est écoulée dans les eaux du Golfe. Les plans originaux en vue de récupérer toute la cargaison ont été contrecarrés et la barge est restée au fond de la mer durant encore 25 ans, avant qu’on ne remédie à la situation en la soulevant. Pendant ce temps, le cadre de la politique canadienne en matière de protection du milieu marin a été modifié, passant littéralement du laisser-faire à un régime réglementaire à plusieurs niveaux. La voie vers un éventuel projet de soulèvement de la barge et d’assainissement révèle une interaction complexe de forces comprenant l’ingénierie de sauvetage maritime, les sciences biophysiques et l’évaluation des risques, toutes soumises à la politique bureaucratique fédérale et à la négociation entre l’entreprise et l’État
Il ne s’agit pas de l’orogenèse néo-acadienne : il faut savoir distinguer la déformation quaboagienne en Nouvelle-Angleterre des phénomènes survenus au Canada atlantique
No full textThe tectonic evolution of the northern Appalachian orogen is typically organized into orogenic episodes. The Taconian orogeny includes latest Cambrian to Late Ordovician arc-continent collision. Subsequent polarity reversal led to Silurian accretion of Ganderian terranes during Salinian orogenesis. The Acadian orogeny comprises Pridoli to Middle Devonian deformation attributed to accretion of West Avalonia to Laurentia. The term Neo-Acadian was coined by Robinson for Late Devonian to Mississippian shortening in New England, ca. 370–350 Ma, but the Indigenous-derived name Quaboagian was subsequently favoured for this episode.
The “Neoacadian” later became associated with Meguma terrane docking, but clear convergent deformation in the Meguma terrane falls outside the original Neo-Acadian interval. Folding of strata in the Meguma terrane from ca. 409 Ma, concurrent with Acadian deformation, occurred in a different tectonic environment; emplacement of subduction-related plutons followed at mainly ca. 379–372 Ma. The ca. 370–350 Ma interval saw uplift of the Meguma terrane, local plutonism, and deposition of the Horton Group in a basin-and-range setting, whereas the crust beneath the Gulf of St. Lawrence thinned to less than half normal thickness during Maritimes basin development. These anorogenic transtensional basins were probably connected with Quaboagian shortening in New England via dextral strike-slip. Shortening and inversion resumed after ca. 330 Ma, associated with dextral transpression, docking the Meguma terrane close its present-day position.
The misuse of "Neoacadian orogeny" leads to misconceptions about its timing of accretion and about ca. 370–350 Ma tectonics in Atlantic Canada, which involved extension not shortening. We recommend the term be abandoned in favour of Quaboagian and restricted to convergence in New England. Earlier deformation in the Meguma terrane may be attributed to the Kejimkujic orogeny.L’évolution tectonique de l’orogène appalachien septentrional est généralement structurée en épisodes orogéniques. L’orogenèse taconique englobe la collision arc-continent ayant duré de la fin du Cambrien à l’Ordovicien tardif. Une inversion de polarité subséquente a produit l’accrétion silurienne des terranes gandériens au cours de l’orogenèse salinienne. L’orogenèse acadienne inclut les déformations du Pridolien au Dévonien moyen attribuées à l’accrétion de l’Avalonie occidentale à la Laurentie. Le terme « néo-acadien » avait été proposé par Robinson pour désigner un raccourcissement ayant eu lieu en Nouvelle-Angleterre entre le Dévonien tardif et le Mississippien, vers 370 à 350 Ma, mais le qualificatif « quaboagien », découlant d’un nom autochtone, a subséquemment été privilégié pour cet épisode.
Le terme « néo-acadien » a par la suite été associé à l’arrimage du terrane de Meguma, mais la déformation convergente claire dans Meguma se situe hors de l’intervalle néo-acadien initial. Le plissement des strates dans le terrane de Meguma il y a environ 409 Ma, concomitant à la déformation acadienne, s’est déroulé dans un milieu tectonique différent; la mise en place de plutons liés à la subduction a suivi principalement entre 379 et 372 Ma. L’intervalle de 370 à 350 Ma correspond à un soulèvement du terrane de Meguma, à un plutonisme local et au dépôt du groupe de Horton dans un milieu de type « bassin à horsts et dépressions tectoniques », tandis que la croûte sous le golfe du Saint-Laurent s’est amincie à moins de la moitié de son épaisseur normale durant le développement du bassin des Maritimes. Ces bassins transtensionnels anorogéniques étaient probablement reliés au raccourcissement quaboagien qu’un décrochement dextre a causé en Nouvelle-Angleterre. Le raccourcissement et l’inversion ont repris après 330 Ma, conjointement avec une transpression dextre, arrimant le terrane de Meguma près de sa position actuelle.
L’usage erroné du terme « orogenèse néo-acadienne » crée des malentendus quant au moment de l’accrétion et à la dynamique tectonique de 370 à 350 Ma au Canada atlantique, lesquelles étaient extensives plutôt que compressives. Il est recommandé d’abandonner le terme au profit de « quaboagien » et de limiter ce dernier à la convergence de la Nouvelle-Angleterre. La déformation antérieure dans le terrane de Meguma peut être attribuée à l’orogenèse de Kejimkujic
Slippery slopes in the South Sandwich Islands: A GIS based approach to submarine landslide susceptibility mapping
No full textSubmarine landslides pose significant hazards due to their potential to generate destructive tsunamis, making their study crucial for risk assessment and mitigation. These mass wasting events are particularly prevalent in submarine volcanic island settings where oversteepened slopes, seismic activity, and oceanic processes can precondition slopes for failure. However, landslide susceptibility in such environments remains poorly understood, especially in remote oceanic regions where high-resolution data is difficult to obtain. This is particularly true for the South Sandwich Islands, a remote volcanic arc in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, which is known to be susceptible to landslide occurrence and tsunami generation, yet landslide distribution and susceptibility in this area have not been previously investigated. This study presents the first detailed landslide inventory and statistical susceptibility model focused on the South Sandwich Islands, integrating shipboard bathymetry data with multiple geologic, geomorphological and oceanographic factors using the frequency ratio (FR) approach. The resulting landslide susceptibility map exhibited good performance, with area under the curve values of 0.76 and 0.78 for success and prediction rates (PR), respectively. The results identify northward current velocity as the most influential factor preconditioning slopes for failure (PR = 3.43), and slope (PR = 1.40) and aspect (PR = 1) as the least influential. This study increases our understanding of landslide occurrence patterns and causal factors, thereby providing a foundation for improved hazard assessments aimed at mitigating the risks posed by landslide-induced tsunamis in the South Sandwich Islands and comparable submarine volcanic environments. Moreover, this study showcases the effectiveness of integrating geospatial datasets within the FR statistical modeling framework to investigate hazards in data-limited marine regions
Fugro Marinestar GNSS precise point positioning service enhancements in 2024
Full text linkThe paper shows the improvements in the Fugro Marinestar algorithms in 2024. Using 120 GNSS reference stations uncalibrated phase biases are calculated for GPS, Galileo, BeiDou and Glonass(G4). using triple frequences. Worldwide 95 % position accuracy is 1–1.5 cm for east and north and 3–5 cm for the height. The concept of narrow and wide lanes using three frequencies is explained. Orbit and Clock corrections from third party has been extended with Galileo named XP3. The global convergence time is 29 seconds. Satguard Navigation Message Authentication on G4 has been added. Also new is Atomichron sub nanosecond timing