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Exercise Performance and Physiological Responses: The Potential Role of Redox Imbalance
Get PDFIncreases in oxidative stress or decreases in antioxidant capacity, or redox imbalance, are known to alter physiological function and has been suggested to influence performance. To date, no study has sought to manipulate this balance in the same participants and observe the impact on physiological function and performance. Using a single-blind, placebo-controlled, and counterbalanced design, this study examined the effects of increasing free radicals, via hyperoxic exposure (FiO2 = 1.0), and/or increasing antioxidant capacity, through consuming an antioxidant cocktail (AOC; vitamin-C, vitamin-E, α-lipoic acid), on 5-kilometer (km) cycling time-trial performance, and the physiological and fatigue responses in healthy college-aged males. Hyperoxic exposure prior to the 5 km TT had no effect on performance, fatigue, or the physiological responses to exercise. The AOC significantly reduced average power output (222 ± 11 vs. 214 ± 12 W), increased 5 km time (516 ± 17 vs. 533 ± 18 sec), suppressed ventilation (VE; 116 ± 5 vs. 109 ± 13 L/min), despite similar oxygen consumption (VO2; 43.1 ± 0.8 vs. 44.9 ± 0.2 mL/kg per min), decreased VE/VO2 (35.9 ± 2.0 vs. 32.3 ± 1.5 L/min), reduced economy (VO2/W; 0.20 ± 0.01 vs. 0.22 ± 0.01), increased blood lactate (10 ± 0.7 vs. 11 ± 0.7 mmol), and perception of fatigue (RPE; 7.39 ± 0.4 vs. 7.60 ± 0.3) at the end of the TT, as compared to placebo (main effect, placebo vs. AOC, respectively). Our data demonstrate that prior to exercise, ingesting an AOC, but not exposure to hyperoxia, likely disrupts the delicate balance between pro- and antioxidant forces, which negatively impacts ventilation, blood lactate, economy, perception of fatigue, and performance (power output and 5 km time) in young healthy males. Thus, caution is warranted in athletes taking excess exogenous antioxidants
The Effect of Financial Incentives and Regulatory Policies on the State-Level Size and Cost of Solar Photovoltaics
Get PDFThis work evaluates the impact that regulatory policies, financial incentives, population, income and sunlight, have on the cost and size of the residential United States solar photovoltaic state-level market. My hypothesis is that the greater number of state level financial incentives and regulatory policies will be consistent with: (1) higher numbers of solar photovoltaic installations in the state, which is a proxy for market size; and (2) lower per kilowatt hour costs for solar photovoltaic energy in the state. Aspects of these hypotheses present the demand and supply function of solar Photovoltaic markets. Supply is measured by the size of solar markets while demand is represented in unit price per kilowatt hour of solar photovoltaic installations. A review of the literature shows that solar markets are growing and replacing coal fired power plants in growing numbers, as a response to Climate Change initiatives (Annual Energy Outlook, 2017). However, given market forces alone, solar energy is still too expensive to compete with traditional energy sources. Thus, government intervention is necessary in order to establish and maintain a competitive marketplace. My findings suggest that financial incentives are effective in increasing size of solar markets. Results also indicate that solar PV cost expressed in price per kilowatt is not determined by government policy, or other descriptive statistics captured in this study. Policy makers therefore may want to consider these factors as opportunities when crafting legislation aimed at growing solar photovoltaic market size, and minimizing costs. Possible avenues for this could be carbon taxing, or a consumption tax of traditional forms of residential energy usage
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Gender Wage Gap in the Labor Market
Get PDFThis research mainly focuses on the impact of trade liberalization on the gender wage gap in the labor market. Collecting the evidences from countries in a worldwide range, the impact of trade liberalization on gender wage gap is supposed to be analyzed on a domestic industrial level. An empirical OLS estimates model is applied inside the U.S. domestic labor market. The data comes from PSID data base of 1985 and 1995. Linking the empirical result to the industrial shift and labor structure shift caused by trade liberalization, the relationship between trade and gender wage gap can be discussed and concluded
The Economic Impact of Incarceration: Measuring and Exploring Incarceration-Related Costs across the United States
Get PDFThis study estimates and examines incarceration costs across the United States. It expands the definition of cost beyond state budgetary expenditures by aggregating various per inmate economic impacts that result from incarceration and crime. The study builds an econometric model to analyze an original dataset from 33 states in years 2002, 2007, and 2012. The results show state median salaries, crime rates, and police employment all positively impact total cost, while incarceration rates have a negative impact. Income inequality and the political climates of states may also affect cost
A Book is a Dream -3
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A Book is a Dream -1
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Things That Creep: A Child\u27s Tale -6
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Recruitment, Retention, Diversity, and Professional Development
No full textBook Introduction
Intended for use by both librarians and students in LIS programs, Academic Librarianship Today is the most current, comprehensive overview of the field available today. Key features include: Each chapter was commissioned specifically for this new book, and the authors are highly regarded academic librarians or library school faculty— or both Cutting-edge topics such as open access, copyright, digital curation and preservation, emerging technologies, new roles for academic librarians, cooperative collection development and resource sharing, and patron-driven acquisitions are explored in depth Each chapter ends with thought-provoking questions for discussion and carefully constructed assignments that faculty can assign or adapt for their courses
The book begins with Gilman’s introduction, an overview that briefly synthesizes the contents of the contributors’ chapters by highlighting major themes. The main part of the book is organized into three parts: The Academic Library Landscape Today, Academic Librarians and Services Today, and Changing Priorities, New Directions
Machacek - Alphabet of Time
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