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Expatriates Cultural Adjustment: Empirical Analysis On Individual Cultural Orientation
Get PDFPrevious researches have shown that expatriates` failure rate has steadily increased in recent years. The failure of expatriates mainly related with the cross-cultural challenges. The purpose of this study was to identify factors which have a paramount implication on expatriates’ cultural adjustment. Hierarchical regression and MANCOVA were applied in data analysis. Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimension scores were used to measure culture at national level. The individual cultural orientation was measured using a scale that used Hofstede (1980) dimensions as a framework. Moreover, a recently developed model was adopted to analyze the expatriate adjustment. Cultural adjustment found to be affected more by individual cultural orientation than national culture differences among expatriates` home and host countries. The alignment of the expatriate cultural orientation with the national culture found to be critical for effective expatriate cultural adjustment. The result indicated that gender difference does not have a significant role in expatriate cultural adjustment. This research would have a conceptual contribution in comprehensively assessing individual cultural orientation with cognitive expatriate adjustment. The study indicated factors that MNCs managers would use for effective selection and assignment of expatriates
Determinants Of The Use Of Special Purpose Companies (SPCs) On Pre- And Post-IFRS: Empirical Evidence From Korea
Get PDFWe investigate which factors determine the use of a special purpose company (SPC) by a sponsoring company and whether those determinants differ before and after IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) adoption. Using financial data from Korean listed companies, our results indicate that use of an SPC is associated with financial reporting incentives (e.g., lowering leverage) and economic benefits (e.g., fundraising). However, the effect of leverage on the use of SPCs is not significant after the adoption of the IFRS. These results suggest that, although companies are generally motivated to use SPCs for both financial reporting and economic purposes, only economic motivation influences the use of SPCs after IFRS adoption. This implies that the regulation for reporting an SPC’s consolidated financial statement under IFRS plays a role in decreasing the use of SPCs for financial reporting discretion. We extend the prior literature on SPCs by documenting the effects of IFRS adoption on the determinants of the use of SPCs
Adding Sustainable Value: Linkages Between Growth, Governance And Social Responsibility
Get PDFKey performance indicators such as high EPS and revenue growth are frequently used to evaluate high quality securities from successful companies. Characterized as “growth” stock, these stocks are accompanied by high PE and PB ratios, indicating compelling potential for future capital appreciation. However, relentless stress on high growth alone has its disadvantages, and research has clearly shown that growth by itself is not a sufficient condition for long-term sustainable value. Stakeholders driving company value also expect a strong underlying framework of accountability, transparency and fairness. Concepts of socially responsible investing add societal expectations of commitment to employees, consumers and the environment. This study explores the relationship between growth, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility as a possible basis for explaining long-term value. Initial results indicate that these growth companies tend to have robust financial metrics but with higher risk, as indicated by financial metrics and a lower score in governance policies, but display insignificant variances on social responsibility factors
Does Board Characteristics Constrain Real Earnings Management? Evidence From Korea
Get PDFThis study empirically analyzes the effect of board characteristics on real earnings management, which is measured by using three proxies including abnormal cash flows from operations, abnormal discretionary expenses, and abnormal production costs. Specifically, we will investigate how board independence (or board size) affects real earnings management. Additionally, we will investigate the relation between the board characteristics and real earnings management according to before K-IFRS mandatory adoption or after K-IFRS mandatory adoption.
The empirical results of this study are as follows. First, the relation between board independence (board size) and the absolute value of abnormal cash flows from operations is statistically significant and positive (+). Second, the relation between board independence (board size) and the absolute value of abnormal production costs is statistically significant and positive (+). Third, the relation between board independence (board size) and the absolute value of abnormal discretionary expenses is statistically significant and positive (+). These findings present that the board independence (or board size) does not constrain real earnings management. Thus, these mean that board independence (or board size) does not work as a mechanism to reduce real earnings management.
This study contributes to accounting research as it directly tests the relation between the board characteristics and real earnings management in Korea, providing empirical support that a board independence (board size) does not constrain real earnings management as effectively as it constrains accrual earnings management. 
A Case Study Of The Integration Of Information And Communication Technology In A Northern Ontario First Nation Community High School: Challenges And Benefits
Get PDFA case study approach was used in examining Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use within a small First Nation high school in Northern Ontario. Quantitative and qualitative data was gathered from students, teacher, and the administrator, who participated in an online survey, followed by interviews on their use of ICT in education. How ICT was used in the classroom was examined as well as identifying the challenges and benefits. The students’ benefits included easier access to research through the Internet, facilitated organization through the use of Google drive, and the use of social media. Challenges were similar to those found in in mainstream schools with concerns of technical problems, off task behavior, and improper referencing. The teacher and administrator identified barriers preventing the increased use of ICT, including the lack of professional development, resources, and Indigenous language software. The administrator recognized there was a wide skill set range among teachers in the adoption of ICT integration into their teaching. Recommendations include more professional development in ICT for teachers, additional resources for ICT, and more development of Aboriginal language software
Teaching Corporate Social Responsibility In An MBA Program
Get PDFThis paper discusses the topic of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and proposes that CSR should be taught in an MBA program and, more specifically, in a Managerial Accounting course of an MBA program. CSR aligns strongly with other managerial accounting topics typically taught in an MBA Program such as the balanced scorecard and triple-bottom line reporting. In putting forward this suggestion, this paper proposes a definition of CSR, reviews recent literature relating to CSR, and provides several strategies for teaching and assessing students’ understanding and appreciation of CSR. In the results section of the paper, a content analysis of student essays provides an insight into how students view CSR. The paper concludes with an overview of what is attainable by teaching CSR in a Managerial Accounting MBA course
The Influence Of Private And Public Finance, Organisational And Environmental Variables On The Performance Of Beauty Salons In The Free State, South Africa: A Theoretical Perspective
Get PDFAlthough small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs), such as hair salons, have harnessed a subtle combination of private and public funding to bankroll their business operations, literature on the performance of SMMEs in developing countries that often identifies finance as a major obstacle to the SMMEs’ survival, tends to be uncritical about the nature and sources of funding. In view of the fragmented nature of the literature that examines the isolated influences of private and public funding on performance, it becomes difficult to unpack the combined influence of these different funding sources on the performance of emerging firms. The problem is compounded further by the existence of limited literature that focuses on the environmental and organisational variables that mediate the funding-performance relationship in small emerging firms. This article considers a critical integrated approach that is located at the intersection of types of funding (private and public funding), mediating organisational and environmental factors and performance, in explaining the SMME performance, well aware that there is a potential for large firms to crowd out the growth opportunities of SMMEs and the insufficiency of the “wicked financial problem” in explicating the performance of such firms. The theoretical study adopts hair salons as a metaphor for an otherwise large, complex beauty and cosmetological industry in its exploration of the combined influence of private and public funding on the performance of SMMEs, with organisational and environmental concepts as mediating variables. The study deviates from mainstream studies that tend to accord significance solely to finance in SMME development and therefore, places financing, organisational and environmental variables as key variables in explaning successful business performance. The main contribution of this paper is a conceptual framework that is based on the view that financing-performance does not occur in vacuum, but is rather mediated by organisational (human resources, technological acquisition, staff training and education) and environmental (technology acquisition, firm location, competition) variables
Undergraduate Research Experience For STEM Students: Efforts And Outcomes
Get PDFUndergraduate research for STEM students involves students who are attending college or universities pursuing a bachelor's degree, majoring in fields related to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics(STEM). Research experience for STEM undergraduates has been viewed as a positive experience that has several benefits such as developing intellectual mentality, enhancing teamwork skills and improving preparation for graduate study. In this paper, we provide an overview of HBCU-UP research experience with STEM students at Philander Smith College for the last few years. Projects in Bioinformatics and Human-Computer Interaction of two Computer Science faculty and their teams are shared. Efforts in implementing research experiences and outcomes of these efforts are discussed. 
The Effect Of Disclosure Patterns Of Risk Factors In Prospectus On The Relation Between Strategic Alliances And Underpricing Of Biotechnology IPOs
Get PDFThis study observes a significantly negative moderating effect of the disclosing patterns of risk factors in initial public offerings (IPOs) prospectus on the association between strategic alliances and underpricing of biotechnology IPOs. Our findings suggest that strategic alliances mitigate information uncertainties when risk factor disclosures are less helpful, which alleviates the underpricing
The Role Of Agility In The Relationship Between Use Of Management Control Systems And Organizational Performance: Evidence From Korea And Japan
Get PDFThis study investigates the role of agility in the relationship between use of management control systems (MCS) and organizational performance by proffering the association of agility, use of MCS, and organizational performance. Using survey data collected from 185 large Korean and Japanese manufacturing companies, we analyze proposing relationships with partial least squares (PLS) structural equation approach. The result shows that diagnostic use of MCS shows no significant relationship with agility, while interactive use of MCS is positively associated with agility. Agility positively affects organizational performance, which implies that characteristics of agility are necessary to overwhelm rivals under rapidly changing environment. This study is one of the first studies that empirically examine the role of agility as an organizational capability in the relationship between MCS and organizational performance with data collected from two different countries.