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Numerical investigation of diesel injection effects on unburnt hydrogen emissions in a marine hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engine
Full text linkHydrogen/diesel dual-fuel engines represent a viable solution for low-carbon ship propulsion. However, low-temperature intake air hinders flame propagation, leading to increased unburnt hydrogen. This study investigates diesel injection strategies of a marine-scale hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engine to minimize unburnt hydrogen. The CFD model is developed from a PFI marine medium-speed engine. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of injection timing, tilt angle, and injection duration. The results indicate that optimized injection strategies reduce the unburnt hydrogen from 50% to 1%. Adjusting the injection timing from 9.5°CA BTDC to 49.5°CA BTDC decreases unburnt hydrogen from 50% to 3%. Furthermore, modifying the tilt angle from 75.5° to 55.5° decreases it to 2%, while shortening the injection duration from 35°CA to 34°CA achieves the lowest unburnt hydrogen at 1%. These findings highlight the potential of advanced injection strategies in hydrogen combustion, contributing to the development of efficient hydrogen marine engines
Working-Class Queers, Re-Imagined : An Artistic Anthology
Full text linkWorking-Class Queers, Re-Imagined: An Artistic Anthology is an artistic representation of Working-Class Queers: Time, Place and Politics by Yvette Taylor. Bringing together new work by AJ Duncan, Candice Purwin, Madeleine Leisk, and Rachel Jardine, the anthology reanimates research through collaboration, creativity, and class-conscious queer politics
Covariance structure modeling of engineering demand parameters in cloud-based seismic analysis
No full textProbabilistic seismic demand modeling aims to estimate structural demand as a function of ground motion intensity—a critical stage in seismic risk assessment. Although many models exist to describe the structural demand, few consider the covariance among engineering demand parameters, potentially overlooking a key factor in improving the accuracy of these models. This study aims to investigate the impact of heteroscedastic covariance models on seismic demand hazard and loss estimates, using an illustrative example of a mid‐rise steel structure, a hypothetical seismic source model, and a non‐stationary stochastic ground‐motion model. Cloud analysis is performed to establish median demand estimates using a linear model, a bilinear model, and a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model. Various seismic demand and loss estimates are produced from combinations of four variance and four correlation models, which consider both homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity. Heteroscedastic models include a step‐model, a linear regression‐based model, and a model using another GPR. Earth mover's distance is used as a metric to assess the accuracy of each estimate against a benchmark solution obtained via an unconditional approach (i.e., empirically estimating demand exceedance frequencies from simulated ground motion time‐histories). The study shows that using more complex, heteroscedastic variance models improves risk and loss estimate accuracy, with the GPR‐based variance model proving the most accurate. Although the method used to account for correlation has a smaller impact on model accuracy, considering correlation is also important for covariance formulation, as models that ignore correlation yield the least accurate seismic demand and loss estimates
Hydrochemical and isotopic characterization of the transboundary Ruo River Catchment (Malawi–Mozambique) and its impact on the Shire River Basin, Southern Africa
Full text linkIntegrating an end member catchment offers a mechanistic foundation for interpreting large basin hydrology. This critical aspect is rarely evident in Malawi’s river basin studies. This study characterizes the hydrochemistry of surface and groundwater and stable isotopes of water to gain a regional picture of how the Ruo River Transboundary Catchment (RRC) influences the Shire–Zambezi River Basin. Hydrochemistry (2013 to 2024) and stable isotope (2020 to 2022) data are used. Both Gibbs and Piper diagrams were used to interpret surface and groundwater facies and hydrogeochemical processes controlling mineralization of water. SI biplots were used to trace water sources, mixing signals, and evaporation trends. Low to moderate mineralization is noted in surface and groundwater sources, and electrical conductivity varied between 19 and 622 µS/cm and 31 and 1930 µS/cm for surface (12 sites) and groundwater (151 boreholes), respectively. Piper diagram analysis reveals a Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type dominance. Gibbs plots suggested dissolution of silicate minerals and interaction of surface and groundwater. Stable oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotope ratios in precipitation, surface, and groundwater exhibit a similar pattern, indicating a common meteoric input, variability in moisture source, and significant interaction of surface water and groundwater. SI plots indicate mixing of precipitation, surface, and groundwater of RRC. Finally, the Ruo River at flood stage reverses the flow of the Shire River sub catchments, impacting the water quality and quantity of the Zambezi, and, therefore, should be considered an important mixing end member in the Lower Shire Basin
Very high cycle fatigue and fatigue crack growth of steels : a review
Full text linkThis review presents a comprehensive examination of the total fatigue life behaviour of high-strength steels (HSS) with particular emphasis on fatigue crack initiation in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime and crack propagation based on fracture mechanics. The discussion draws on recent advances in experimental techniques, microstructural characterisation, and analytical approaches by reviewing studies conducted over the past few years. Key factors influencing fatigue performance, including loading frequency, specimen geometry, microstructure, and environmental conditions, are critically evaluated. The review concludes by highlighting existing knowledge gaps and outlining directions for future research aimed at improving the understanding and optimisation of fatigue performance in current and next-generation HSS
Exploring the real wealth creation in U.K. stocks
Full text linkThis study uses the approach of Bessembinder (J Fin Econ 129:440–457, 2018) to examine the real wealth creation of U.K. individual stocks between January 1975 and December 2024. The study finds that across the whole sample period, real wealth creation is highly concentrated and only 3.1% of stocks generate the aggregate net wealth created. Splitting the sample into two subperiods according to the Big Bang in October 1986, we find that in the pre Big Bang period real wealth creation by U.K. stocks is a lot less concentrated and the majority of stocks provide a higher buy and hold real return than U.K. Treasury Bills. Forming a Wealth trading study, which selects the stocks with the highest real wealth creation, that there are some performance benefits but only when equal weights are used
Negative charge acquisition by isolated single microdroplets from plasma exposure at atmospheric pressure
Full text linkCharged liquid microdroplets have generated significant interest recently due to the observation of chemical reaction rate enhancement by orders of magnitude. Droplet charging by plasma irradiation has been observed along with significantly enhanced reaction rates in liquid. In this paper, we measure the charge on fixed size (47 μm) individual droplets, exposed for approximately 4 ms to a low temperature RF-driven plasma operated at atmospheric pressure. The measured charge values ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 × 106 electrons, depending on the droplet trajectory. Results were compared with finite element simulations of plasma charging, which provided estimates of surface electric fields and charge fluxes at the droplet surface and helped advance the development of a theoretical framework for plasma-charged microreactors
Dystopia, fact to fetish : the Eastern Bloc Girl and aestheticisation of a fallen regime
Full text linkMany envision the ultimate utopia as heaven and dystopia as hell, to be experienced at some distant point in the future. However, we recognise that reflections of both already coexist in the world we live in. This awareness makes it apparent that re-imagining the past from the lens of the present profoundly shapes our collective meaning-making efforts. In this visual essay, we share our reflections on the fetishisation of Eastern Europe’s controversial past, focusing on the visual cues in the cultural creations of an ironic girl-blogger account on Instagram. We use the preliminary findings from the social media content analysis to illustrate the themes in which parodical re-imagination co-operates with the remedies of historical experience for contemporary identity re-making relying on visualisation. We capture the visual reframing of socio-material remnants of the socialism/communism periods in prior decades, and leveraging this enables an aestheticisation process that fosters authentic self-identification among new-generations in the societies that are vaguely referred to as the former Eastern Bloc nations. The essay offers a discussion that draws from visual studies and consumer culture research, and contributes to interdisciplinary endeavours bridging these fields
The expression of self through venture creation : narratives of entrepreneurial life and well-being abroad
Full text linkThe last decades have seen the emergence of a new academic conversation on entrepreneurial well-being amongst business ethicists and organisational scholars. In most cases, studies engaging in this line of discourse have linked entrepreneurship to global psychological measures of well-being in order to draw out the difference with other categories of work, typically with an emphasis on the non-financial values that can be gained from the pursuit of entrepreneurial activities. However, the intimate links that exist between entrepreneurship and the good life have only been narrowly drawn. In fact, most previous studies have used and borrowed the theoretical and empirical language of mainstream and quantitatively oriented scholarship to explain the relations between the two—rather than developing the “thicker” language and conceptualisation that can be achieved through hermeneutics and reflexive analysis. In an attempt to address this, we explore and reflect on accounts from 66 transnational entrepreneurs, who share their experiences of entrepreneurial life and well-being whilst living and starting up their companies abroad, in China. Adopting a reflective narrative approach, inspired by the work of Charles Taylor, the paper draws on rich qualitative data from in-depth interviews (totalling 117 h of recordings) to illustrate the moral depth and the historical complexity of transnational entrepreneurs’ motivations and experiences of well-being and to further conceptualise entrepreneurial well-being as a hermeneutic process of self-expression. Our findings and interpretations open an ontological-moral window to new understandings and crucial new directions for advancing scholarship on entrepreneurship, business ethics, and well-being
Establishing a chicken embryo model for studying infection control of a novel lipid nanoparticle
Full text linkThe rise of antibiotic-resistant infections highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Monoglyceride-based lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) offer both antimicrobial activity and the potential for controlled drug delivery. In this study, LNPs with diameters of 230-350 nm and ζ-potential of approximately -35 mV demonstrated high colloidal stability and strong antibacterial efficacy in vitro, achieving complete growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at 0.04 mg/mL and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) at 0.9 mg/mL. To bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo evaluation, the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was optimized as a physiologically relevant platform to study infection progression and treatment response. Incubation temperature and humidity, inoculum concentration, infection site, and imaging conditions were refined to ensure reproducibility and minimize embryo variability. LNP administration improved embryo survival: S. aureus from 35 % to 65 %, and S. Enteritidis from 40 % to 65 % at 48 h post-inoculation. Fluorescently labeled Escherichia coli JM105-GFP and Nile Red-tagged LNPs enabled real-time monitoring of infection and nanoparticle biodistribution using the IVIS Spectrum imaging system, with GFP intensity strongly correlating with bacterial density (R = 0.985). At concentrations above 10 CFU/mL, Escherichia coli JM105-GFP was readily visualized despite the eggshell's autofluorescence. This study establishes a reproducible CAM infection model for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of monoglyceride-based LNPs as localized antimicrobial agents. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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