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Achieving superior tensile and fatigue properties than conventional wrought state via hybrid additive-forging manufacturing
Full text linkAdditively manufactured materials typically contain undesired defects and microstructures. These defects reduce material performance and limit the adoption of the technique in production environments. In this work, we report a hybrid manufacturing strategy that integrates additive manufacturing with hot forging to achieve exceptional mechanical properties in Ti-6Al-4V. The resulting material exhibits improved tensile and fatigue properties compared to its purely additively manufactured and conventionally wrought counterparts. The control of thermal history and plastic flow is capable of healing defects and tailoring microstructure. A series of combined forging and heat treatment processes were undertaken to reveal correlations between fabrication parameters and the resulting microstructures and mechanical response. The underlying mechanisms of microstructure evolution were investigated through systematic and integrated experimental characterization, finite element modelling and mechanical tests. A generic component, representative of an aero-engine blade, was fabricated using this technology, demonstrating the huge promise of adopting this technique in practical applications
Experimental analysis of resistance reduction and heel motion characteristics of wind-assisted vessels using the SIL system
Full text linkIn response to the recently strengthened regulations by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) concerning the Carbon Intensity Index (CII), there is a growing need to adopt alternative propulsion technologies to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions. In this context, wing sails, as one of the wind-assisted propulsion systems, are gaining attention as an eco-friendly solution to enhance ship fuel efficiency. However, their practical implementation requires a comprehensive assessment of their influence on ship stability under diverse sea conditions. To address this gap, this study experimentally evaluates the resistance reduction and roll motion characteristics of wing sail vessels under various marine environmental conditions using the Software-in-the Loop (SIL) method. In the present study, the SIL method creates a closed-loop system where the aerodynamic forces generated by wing sails are simulated as virtual forces and updated in real-time based on the measured motion of the vessel. As a result, the wing sail achieved a maximum resistance reduction of 33%, while the lateral force induced by the wing sail caused a maximum heel angle change of 0.6°. Furthermore, in terms of trim and sinkage, the wing sail showed a tendency to reduce trim, whereas sinkage remained unchanged
A novel capacitive array sensor for real-time force measurements in total knee arthroplasty
Full text linkAchieving accurate soft-tissue balance during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is essential for patient satisfaction. Current intraoperative assessments rely on subjective judgment. This study introduces a thin capacitive array sensor integrated into a standard trial insert to provide real-time, compartment-specific force measurements without workflow disruption. The sensor was calibrated using a robotic platform and validated in four knees from two Thielembalmed cadaveric specimens undergoing mechanically aligned, measured resection TKA. During routine trialling, force data were recorded from 0° to 110° of flexion while tibiofemoral kinematics were tracked using the PhysioPilot navigation system. The sensor achieved positional accuracy within ±3% and total force error below 4 N. The femoral measurements were stable and repeatable across the arc of motion and captured alignment-dependent loading changes. The sensor matched known biomechanical kinematic force patterns, recording peak joint forces in full extension, with a rapid decline by 15°, and stable readings beyond 60°. The force profile is consistent with what is expected in the native knee and aligns with the kinematic philosophy of the Press-Fit Condylar (PFC) multi-radius implant design. Loading asymmetries correlated with preoperative alignment: valgus knees showed lateral compartment dominance in extension, shifting medially with flexion; varus knees exhibited the reverse. Integration into standard trial components required no modification to surgical technique. Capacitive array sensing enables accurate, mechanically compatible, real-time tibiofemoral force measurement during TKA using a low-profile insert. This system provides a practical pathway toward objective soft-tissue balancing and may improve intraoperative decision-making
The therapeutic potential of gypenosides for age-related macular degeneration
Full text linkAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disease considered to be the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among older adults globally. AMD is classified into non-exudative (dry) AMD and neovascular (wet) AMD (Figure 1). Dry AMD is the commonest type, accounting for approximately 90% of cases and is characterized by atrophy of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and sub-RPE deposits (drusen); wet AMD is the most severe form and is characterized by the growth of abnormal choroidal vessels and leakage of blood and fluid. Current treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States include anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for wet AMD and anti-complement treatment for dry AMD, respectively. These lifelong intravitreal treatments can cause adverse complications, including ocular hemorrhage, retinal inflammation, retinal detachment, and cataract. Therefore, development of alternative treatments is urgently needed
Assessing lower-limb prosthetic users with the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale-Revised : a cross-sectional study
Full text linkBackground: Lower limb amputation affects physical function, mental health, and body image. Rehabilitation outcomes depend on both psychological adjustment and functional performance, including mobility and prosthesis satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate psychological adjustment, activity restriction, and prosthesis satisfaction among lower-limb prosthetic users in Jordan using the Arabic TAPES-R. Objective: To assess, using a validated tool, the psychological adjustment, activity restriction, and prosthesis satisfaction of lower-limb prosthetic users in Jordan, aligning with the study title and cross-sectional design. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 74 unilateral lower-limb prosthetic users (66.2% male, mean age 42.4 ± 13.1 years). Sociodemographic and body composition characteristics were recorded. Participants completed the Arabic TAPES-R between September 2024 and April 2025. The TAPES-R measured psychosocial adjustment, activity restriction, and prosthesis satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency, independent-samples t-tests, and Pearson correlations (p < 0.05). Results: Participants demonstrated generally positive psychosocial adjustment (Psychosocial Total = 3.08 ± 0.52) and moderate prosthesis satisfaction (Total Satisfaction = 2.23 ± 0.47), with variable activity restriction (8.76 ± 5.61). Internal consistency was strong across TAPES-R subscales (α = 0.816–0.955). Functional Satisfaction was higher in those with transfemoral than transtibial amputation (p = 0.041). Psychosocial adjustment correlated positively with prosthesis satisfaction (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) and negatively with activity restriction (r = −0.52, p < 0.001). Residual limb pain (45.9%) was associated with higher activity restriction (p = 0.022), and phantom limb pain (55.4%) with lower prosthetic satisfaction (p = 0.031). Conclusions: The Arabic TAPES-R effectively identifies psychological adjustment, activity restriction, and prosthesis satisfaction in lower-limb prosthetic users in Jordan. Participants generally reported positive psychosocial adjustment and moderate prosthesis satisfaction, but functional limitations remain, particularly in those with residual or phantom limb pain. These findings support the use of the TAPES-R as a clinical and research screening tool and provide guidance for targeted rehabilitation interventions
Modeling and control of a doubly fed induction generator under realistic wind speed variations
Full text linkThe focus of energy production in the last decade has been oriented towards the generation of green energies, such as wind energy. As a result, there has been a big development in a variety of arrays that implement different types of generators and control systems, in which it is important to consider the climate variations that can, and will, affect the electrical power delivered by the generators. Because of said intermittence, the more practical solution is the utilization of generation systems that allow the variation of wind speed and avoid the problems that come with it; that is, the implementation of electrical machines that work under these changing wind speed conditions without causing any synchronism issues with the electrical grid. Where the usage of wound induction generators allows for a wide control of its generation variables. In this article, the controller for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is modeled, which enables the control of the electromechanical generation variables efficiently. Given the importance of the DFIG parameters, having an appropriate control of the active and reactive power achieves a reliable and efficient system. Simulation results on Simulink are included as to verify the correct operation of the modeled controller under the mentioned wind speed conditions
A learner-centred interactive tool for teaching AI search algorithms with stage-based pedagogy (pilot findings)
No full textLearning artificial intelligence (AI) search algorithms remains challenging, as traditional teaching methods often fail to illustrate their dynamic, step-by-step execution. This paper presents a web-based interactive tool designed to simplify learning through a stage-based approach, combining synchronized visualisations, concise textual explanations, and pseudocode. Each algorithm is divided into sequential stages, supported by synchronised pseudocode, playback controls, animated traversal, and embedded interactive questions with hints. The tool emphasises both clarity and interactivity, allowing learners to observe node traversal, decision-making, and path selection in real time and test their understanding through short assessments. Advanced examples and a playground mode extend learning to more complex and custom scenarios. A user study with postgraduate students showed improved understanding, higher confidence, and strong engagement, highlighting the potential of stage-based, learner-centred approaches in AI education. These results are indicative but not conclusive, suggesting directions for broader classroom evaluation
An adaptable framework for remotely controlling a telepresence robot in a dynamic environment
Full text linkThis paper presents a framework for telepresence robot navigation in dynamic environments with network-induced time delays. The proposed system introduces a predictive control model that processes sensor data, implements real-time control algorithms, and transmits commands to enable robust remote navigation. To address visual and control discrepancies caused by latency, a state estimation model is employed to minimise the visual disparity between the robot’s actual and perceived positions. Additionally, a simulation-based predictive controller anticipates operator commands to improve teleoperation accuracy. A key contribution of this work is the development of a low-cost, simulation-based telepresence platform that enables controlled experiments without relying on expensive physical infrastructure. The system is designed for flexibility, allowing parameter adjustments to suit a range of experimental conditions. By integrating predictive technologies and addressing latency-related challenges, this research advances the state-of-the-art in telepresence robotics and provides a practical, reproducible foundation for future studies in remote robot navigation
PEGylated zein micelles for prostate cancer therapy : influence of PEG chain length and transferrin targeting on docetaxel delivery
Full text linkBackground/Objectives: Docetaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for several malignancies and is an established treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, its poor aqueous solubility, systemic toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance limit its clinical benefit. Zein, a prolamin, forms micelles that enhance the solubility and delivery of hydrophobic drugs. As PEG length and ligand presentation govern micelle behavior, we investigated transferrin-functionalized PEGylated zein micelles as docetaxel nanocarriers and examined how PEG chain length (5 K vs. 10 K) and transferrin-mediated targeting affect delivery to prostate cancer cells. Methods: Docetaxel-loaded zein micelles bearing 5 K or 10 K PEG chains were prepared and conjugated to transferrin. Formulations were characterized for size, charge, morphology, critical micelle concentration, colloidal stability, drug loading and transferrin density. Cellular uptake and mechanisms were assessed in PC-3-Luc, DU145 and LNCaP cells by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and pharmacological inhibition. Anti-proliferative activity was determined by MTT assays. Results: Both PEG5K and PEG10K micelles formed micellar dispersions with low polydispersity and high encapsulation efficiency. PEG5K micelles achieved higher transferrin conjugation and drug loading. Transferrin-functionalized PEG5K micelles showed enhanced uptake in DU145 and LNCaP cells but lower internalization in PC-3-Luc cells. Inhibitor studies indicated receptor-dependent uptake via clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Free docetaxel remained the most potent. However, among nanocarriers, transferrin-targeted PEG5K micelles showed the greatest anti-proliferative efficacy relative to their non-targeted counterparts, whereas transferrin-targeted PEG10K micelles were less potent than the non-targeted PEG10K micelles across all three cell lines. Conclusions: PEG chain length and ligand presentation are key determinants of uptake and cytotoxicity of docetaxel-loaded zein micelles. Shorter PEG chains favor effective transferrin display and receptor engagement, whereas longer PEG likely induces steric hindrance and reduces targeting, supporting transferrin-conjugated PEG5K zein micelles (the lead formulation in this study) as a targeted delivery platform that improves performance relative to matched non-targeted micelles in vitro, while free docetaxel remains more potent in 2D monolayer assays
Doing ethics without a ‘Map’ : How Chinese researchers develop ethical awareness in research with children
Full text linkThis paper explores how researchers working with children in China navigate ethical challenges in the contexts of limited institutional guidance and the tension between global ethical principles and local moral expectations. Drawing on dialogic focus groups with 30 Chinese participants who have experience doing research with children, we conceptualise ethics not as compliance with rules but as an interplay of ethical awareness and practice shaped by affective, relational, and institutional conditions. Ethical awareness is theorised as a situated and relational capacity to recognise and respond to morally important moments under uncertainty. It develops through hesitation, discomfort and negotiation, particularly within ethical double binds between procedural frameworks and relational obligations. Rather than advancing a culturalist model, our paper offers a practice-based perspective that foregrounds ambiguity, moral complexity and the emotional labour of ethical decision-making. We argue for moving beyond universalist paradigms towards dialogic and context-sensitive approaches to research ethics. The paper concludes with implications for researchers, ethics committees and institutions seeking to foster reflexive and decolonising practices in cross-cultural qualitative inquiry
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