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Pompeiian Mill-Bakeries: Spatial Organization and Social Interaction
No full textThis thesis examines bread production and the daily lives of those who worked in mill-bakeries during the first century CE. Bread was the staple food across the ancient Mediterranean; however, there is little textual evidence about those who produced the bread that fed the Roman Empire. The most significant body of evidence relating to the lives of mill-bakers is the archaeological remains of mill-bakeries from the city of Pompeii, preserved by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 CE. This thesis analyzes the spatial organization of bread production within these mill-bakeries and applies the methodologies of spatial syntax – a theory of spatial relations developed by B. Hillier and J. Hanson – to determine patterns of movements within the mill-bakeries. By combining these methodologies with artistic and literary descriptions of Roman mill-bakeries, this thesis provides insight into the lived experiences of the mill-bakers who fed the Roman Empire.Classical StudiesBachelors of Arts (BA
GIS Data: 2024 Shoreline Management Model - Westmoreland County
No full textIn 2011, the Virginia General Assembly adopted a policy into law that specifies living shorelines as the preferred management practice for erosion control in Virginia waters. The Center for Coastal Resources Management (CCRM) at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) has been developing tools for many years to guide local governments in shoreline management. In particular, they have focused on the use of ecologically preferred alternatives for erosion control and have conducted research into refining the appropriate uses for a large suite of possible treatments based on existing shoreline conditions. A series of Decision Trees were developed to determine shoreline best management practices (BMPs) when conducting onsite inspections. These were developed to support integrated guidance at the management and regulatory level. This body of work has been expanded and re-developed as a GIS spatial model known as the Shoreline Management Model (SMM) to determine appropriate shoreline BMPs from the desktop using available spatial data and the decision tree logic. The assessment is conducted at a parcel level scale, but the output represents a reach-based or cumulative approach to shoreline management. In 2023, CCRM began an update of the SMM. Version 6.0 continues to use fetch, nearshore bathymetry, bank height, marsh presence, beach presence, presence of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), roads and permanent structures within the riparian zone, and existing shoreline erosion control structures. To enhance the model’s capabilities for evaluating best management practices and determining where erosion control practices may impact ecologically sensitive areas, version 6.0 adds wave energy, federal navigation channels, presence of RTE species via predicted suitable habitat, bank slope, and narrow creeks. Most appropriate for desktop reviews, regulatory compliance, and comprehensive planning, the recommendations derived from the SMM may be altered due to lot size, shoreline length along a single parcel, proximity of primary buildings to the shoreline, type of existing erosion control structures, land use practices, and local biota. The SMM v.6.0 also includes a module that identifies suitable areas for oyster structure placement, which can provide erosion control and habitat enhancement benefits.Virginia Institute of Marine Scienc
A Model Archive for an Updated Water Column Biogeochemical-Seabed Diagenetic and Sediment Transport Model for the Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone
No full textThis dataset includes model input, code, and output used in the manuscript submitted to Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (Yin et al., 2024). In this work, the authors used a numerical model to understand how the seabed can affect bottom water acidification over the Northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone. The model was built on the previously developed coupled hydrodynamic-sediment transport-biogeochemistry model (Moriarty et al., 2017) and expanded to include DIC and TAlk for ocean acidification. As described in manuscript of Yin et al. (2024), the model can reproduce the seabed-water column exchange of biologically important solutes including DIC and TAlk. This model can be used for quantifying the role of benthic fluxes in driving bottom water acidification over continental shelves.
Access the data by visiting: https://s3.amazonaws.com/swem-scholarly-storage/vims/DataArchive_DongxiaoYin_CourtneyHarris/index.htmlVirginia Institute of Marine Scienc
Characterization Of Juvenile Fish Habitats Within Estuarine And Coastal Seascapes In Virginia
No full textIdentification and protection of high-quality juvenile fish habitats, or nursery habitats, is an integral component of fisheries management. The mid-Atlantic region is experiencing disproportionately greater rates of warming and sea level rise relative to other coastal regions in the United States. These changes may alter or degrade nursery habitats for many recreationally and commercially sought-after fish species in the mid-Atlantic region. Habitat protection and conservation is necessary to safeguard nursery function and sustain recruitment of juvenile fishes to adult populations. To identify habitats for protection, quantification of fish responses to habitat features is needed at multiple spatial, temporal, and ecological scales. The primary goal of this dissertation was to quantify habitat characteristics in Virginia estuarine and coastal ecosystems and relate these characteristics to patterns in species assemblage composition, use and quality of nursery habitats, and habitat associations of juvenile fishes. Each chapter presents and discusses a research question related to juvenile fish habitats, and all chapters explore fish-habitat relationships that have implications for regional habitat conservation and fisheries management. Chapter 1 quantifies estuarine and coastal seascape characteristics at multiple spatial scales and assesses the effects of these characteristics on species assemblages and juvenile fish abundance. The results of this research highlight the importance of considering the broader environmental context of physical habitat structures when assessing the functionality and conservation potential of nearshore areas. Consideration of the entire, heterogenous seascape mosaic as opposed to a single habitat type is warranted when planning aquatic habitat conservation and restoration. Chapter 2 evaluates habitat quality and nursery area function of Virginia estuarine and coastal ecosystems for two economically valuable species, Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus and Spot Leiostomus xanthurus, based on juvenile fish abundance, body condition, and growth. Findings from this chapter suggest that tidal marshes are essential juvenile habitat for these species, implying that marsh loss may negatively impact juvenile fish production. Finally, Chapter 3 presents novel information on spatial-temporal habitat use of an ecologically important and imperiled species, Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis, in Chesapeake Bay subestuaries. Juvenile Blueback Herring use subestuaries for a prolonged period of time during their outmigration from freshwater nurseries to the coastal ocean, and are therefore vulnerable to human disturbances and habitat alterations in subestuaries during this time. This work provides a scientific basis for the Virginia Marine Resources Commission to specify time-of-year restrictions to protect juveniles from mortality induced by in-water construction activities during outmigration. Furthermore, the fish-habitat associations described by this chapter will guide conservation and recovery strategies for this species. Collectively, the research within this dissertation demonstrates that the complexities surrounding fish-habitat relationships demand consideration of habitat and fish responses to habitat at multiple spatial and temporal scales.Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.
Results for the 2024 VIMS Industry Cooperative Surveys of the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Georges Bank Scallop Resource Areas
No full textExcerpt from publication: "The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) conducted high resolution sea scallop dredge surveys of the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) and Georges Bank (GB) scallop resource areas during May–July 2024 (Figure 1). These surveys were funded by the Sea Scallop Research Set-Aside Program (RSA). Exploitable biomass for each survey is shown in Table 1 for each spatially explicit SAMS Area (Scallop Area Management Simulator). SAMS Areas represent management relevant spatial subunits of the resource and explicitly account for differences in recruitment, vital rates, and fishing effort in the forward projection of survey information. Maps of SAMS Areas are provided in Figures 2–3. At the time of the surveys, exploitable biomass estimated from the commercial dredge was 477 mt or 1 million pounds for the Elephant Trunk (ET) SAMS Area. In the NYB SAMS Area, the exploitable biomass estimate was 952 mt or 2 million pounds. In the CAII-Access SAMS Area, the exploitable biomass estimate was 7,549 mt or 17 million pounds. The exploitable biomass estimate for the CAII-Extension SAMS Area was 1,412 mt or 3 million pounds. In the Southern Flank SAMS Area, the exploitable biomass estimate was 1,877 mt or 4 million pounds..."Virginia Institute of Marine Scienc
‘These Memories Cannot Be Wiped’: Remembering, Forgetting, And Silencing The Spanish Civil War And Francisco Franco’s Dictatorship In The United States, 1937-1962
No full textOn the eve of Allied victory in World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed to the US Ambassador to Spain, “Most certainly we do not forget Spain’s official position with and assistance to our Axis enemies.…These memories cannot be wiped.” However, by 1962, over three dozen American Congressmen professed their admiration for Spanish dictator Francisco Franco and his anti-communist “crusade,” selectively forgetting his fascist crimes. This research traces the development of US foreign policy toward the Franco regime from 1937, the year 2,800 American volunteers traveled to Spain to fight against fascism, to 1962, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the formation of this Abraham Lincoln Brigade. It argues that Spain was crucial to American and global ideological development from anti-fascism to anti-communism during the Spanish Civil War, World War II, and Cold War eras. This dissertation project also incorporates voices of American anti-fascist activists who challenged the US’s gradual embrace of the Franco regime. American diplomats, who came to recognize Spain as a strategic geopolitical ally against communism, branded these activists as ‘communists’ during the Cold War Red Scare. Building on a memory studies framework to examine how political and military actors utilized forgetting and silencing to achieve US foreign policy objectives, this project asserts the Spanish Civil War and subsequent Franco dictatorship as formative to American foreign policy in the twentieth century.HistoryDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.
Dataset: Conservation Targeting: Potential Tidal Wetlands 2030 to 2100 in Virginia’s Coastal Zone
No full textThe habitat most likely to be negatively impacted by climate change in coastal Virginia over the next several decades is tidal marsh. Tidal marsh extent is dictated by the location of the intertidal area, which is rapidly changing as a result of climate change and tidal marshes must also rapidly adapt in order to persist on the landscape. Of the two primary mechanisms for tidal wetland adaptation: accretion and migration, migration is most likely for most marshes in Virginia. Migration occurs as the upland edge of the marsh moves further inland in response to rising sea level. As formerly upland areas become regularly inundated by spring tides, these areas convert to high marsh due to increasing salt content and saturation. If erosion was minimal and accretion was able to keep the low marsh high enough in the tidal envelop to prevent drowning, marshes would increase their overall areal extent through this process, as has happened repeatedly in geologic history whenever sea levels have risen. However, due to the inadequate sediment supply and rapid resulting erosion of low marsh edges, there is a net inland movement of marshes occurring throughout the Bay. In the short term, some areas are likely going to experience a net increase in areal extent due to the very low slope of immediately upland areas. Once the upper extent of the marsh reaches a steeper slope, however, the upland migration rate will slow dramatically, resulting in net loss as drowning and erosion continue at the front edge of the marsh. This process, termed coastal squeeze, will occur regardless of whether the upland slope is untenable due to natural (e.g., berms) or anthropogenic (e.g., coastal defense structures) features. This project mapped the potential areal footprint of tidal wetlands (TW) for each decade from 2030 to 2100 and included 2020 as reference. The mean low water locations are conservative estimates due to the absence of erosion and drowning as dynamic processes through time.Virginia Institute of Marine Scienc
Voluntary Emotion Regulation And Suicidality: Associations With Latency, Preference, Frequency, And Utility In Short Minute-To-Minute Contexts
No full textEmotion regulation is a pivotal transdiagnostic construct. It is also a quintessential element in many suicidal processes. There have been limited studies that assess how individuals possessing suicidality might use emotion regulation strategies to reduce negative emotion in short minute-to-minute experiments. Furthermore, studies in this area that allow for voluntary emotion regulation are needed. We assessed how individuals with different levels of suicidality regulated negative emotions during a laboratory affect induction. We also utilized an experimental design that provided participants with greater emotion regulation autonomy. We assessed emotion regulation through the paradigms of timing/latency, strategy selection preference, frequency of strategy selection, and negative affect reduction. We also assessed the moderating effect of suicidality on the association between strategy utility and strategy preference. Suicidality showed a positive relationship with emotion regulation latency, along with a negative relationship with distraction preference. However, both of these relationships were not significant after controlling for internalizing symptoms. Finally, exploratory analyses did not yield any significant findings. This study suggests that while there may be unique elements of the emotion regulation process among suicidal individuals, a number of these processes are likely similar between normative and suicidal samples.PsychologyMaster of Science (M.Sc.
A Look Down the Well: Exploring Co-educational Femininity through a Twentieth-century Dormitory Feature at William & Mary, 1926-1944
No full textAs women began enrolling in universities across the United States in the early twentieth century, traditionally masculine spheres became the site of an emerging femininity. Administrative rules and single-gendered spaces organized the lives of women and men to fit socially acceptable gender roles. One such space was the college dormitory. The Digges House, most notably studied as the site of Williamsburg’s Bray School, served as an off-campus dormitory for women at William & Mary between 1926 and 1944 under the name Brown Hall. This project will employ artifact analysis of the small finds, glass, and ceramics found in a well dating to the women’s occupation of the site in the 1930s and 40s as well as documentary analysis of records illuminating the social life at William & Mary during the time. Grounded in anthropological theories in discipline, gender, agency, and household archaeology, this project will offer an engendered interpretation of a brief moment in the site’s past. This research finds that the Brown Hall women partook in self-disciplinary behavior through bodily manipulation, hygiene practices, and institutionalized socialization that reinforced feminine norms and a particular vision of a virtuous, white, female college student. However, the women also forged youthful identities outside of and subversive to institutional expectations through material consumption.AnthropologyBachelors of Arts (BA
Early Adversity And Middle Childhood Adjustment: Prediction From Prospective And Retrospective Reports
No full textResearchers often use prospective and retrospective data to study the long-term impacts of stress, adversity, and trauma on social-emotional outcomes across the lifespan. However, few studies have investigated the unique predictive significance of prospective and retrospective reports or how both reports can be used together to examine outcomes of early life stress. The current study addresses these questions in a sample of child welfare-referred families followed from infancy to middle childhood. The current study had two aims: 1) examining how both prospective and retrospective reports of early childhood life stressors (child ACEs) jointly and independently predict children’s emotion regulation and behavior problems during middle childhood and 2) evaluating whether parental characteristics (i.e., dismissing attachment, minimizing response style, and internalizing symptoms) predict discrepancies in prospective and retrospective reports. Participants were 121 parent-child dyads (parents: 93% female, 66.9% Black/African American; children: 47.1% female, 63.6% Black/African American). who completed the middle childhood follow-up of a randomized clinical trial of parenting programs for families referred to child welfare due to concerns about maltreatment during infancy Participants reported life stressors both prospectively (through multiple questionnaires during the original RCT) and retrospectively through a Life Events Calendar completed at the middle childhood follow-up. At the bivariate level, prospective reports were significantly associated with retrospective reports, emotion dysregulation, and behavior problems; retrospective reports were significantly associated with emotion dysregulation, behavior problems, and parent-reported symptoms. Unexpectedly, neither prospective nor retrospective reports significantly predicted adaptive regulation or child-reported symptoms. In polynomial regression models, prospective and retrospective reports of ACEs interacted to predict parent-reported emotion dysregulation and total symptoms, such that prospectively identified ACEs were only predictive at above-average levels of retrospective reports. However, contrary to the secondary hypotheses, there were no significant relationships linking discrepancies in prospective versus retrospective reports to parents’ dismissing attachment, minimizing response style, or internalizing symptoms. Taken together, results suggest that early ACEs predict parent reports of emotion dysregulation and total symptoms in middle childhood, especially when both prospectively and retrospectively identified ACEs are high. In contrast, parent-reported adaptive regulation and child-reported total symptoms were not significantly associated with early adversity. Although this study did not find the expected associations linking report discrepancies to parent characteristics, it provides an important foundation for future research and clinical interpretation of parent reports of early life stress and its association with children’s social-emotional adjustment.PsychologyMaster of Science (M.Sc.