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Grazing reduced vegetation biomass and root nutrition related to plateau zokor creating mounds in summer on the Tibetan Plateau
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Efficacy of anticoagulant rodenticides applied to Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the sewer system of Berlin, Germany
Get PDFComparative analysis of expert and citizen science reveals differences in occurrence patterns of lynx and wolf in Lower Saxony, Germany
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Genomic insights into hybridization and genetic introgression in European wildcats from the northern Dinaric Mountains and Pannonian Basin
Get PDFPrehrana - podporni steber učinkovitosti
Get PDFPravilno uravnotežena prehrana vojakov pomeni ustrezen energijski vnos, ki vsebuje optimalno razporeditev makro- in mikrohranil. Je nujno potrebna za krepitev zdravja, preprečevanje bolezni in okužb, odpravljanje poškodb in vzdrževanje telesne temperature. Vojaška populacija je po spolu, starosti in zadolžitvah heterogena ter opravlja fizično in kognitivno različne poklicne naloge. Prehranski načrti v vojski morajo tako izpolnjevati različne potrebe po energiji in posamičnih hranilih. Posledice neustrezne prehrane vojakov so lahko previsoka telesna masa, zmanjšana imunska odpornost, podaljšano okrevanje po bolezni in poškodbi in oslabljena telesna zmogljivost. Neustrezen vnos specifičnih hranil, kot so beljakovine, železo, kalcij in vitamin D, pripomore k poslabšani regeneraciji vojakov, kar hkrati vpliva na povečano možnost pojavnosti poškodb. Potrebe po energiji in hranilih se dodatno spreminjajo glede na različne zunanje dejavnike, kot so okoljske temperature in nadmorska višina. Na višji nadmorski višini energijske potrebe narastejo predvsem zaradi hipoksije, dodatne opreme in oblačil vojakov. Prehrana na terenu je pogosto otežena tudi zaradi prenosa živil s seboj, saj ta v nahrbtniku predstavljajo dodatno težo, ki jo morajo prenašati vojaki. Zato se priporoča, da vojaki uživajo energijsko bogatejšo hrano, ki pa ima pogosto nizko vrednost vitaminov in mineralov. Hkrati je treba biti pozoren na zadosten vnos beljakovin, saj lahko negativno dušikovo/beljakovinsko ravnovesje spodbudi izgubo mišične mase. V ekstremnih okoljskih pogojih je treba zagotoviti tudi ustrezno hidracijsko stanje s pitjem vode ter dodajanjem soli in/ali sladkorjev in/ali škroba. Ustrezna prehrana je tako ključnega pomena za optimalne čustvene, kognitivne in fizične zmogljivosti vojaka in mora biti skrbno prilagojena zadolžitvam posameznikaA balanced diet for soldiers is an adequate energy intake with an optimal distribution of macro- and micronutrients. It is essential for promoting health, preventing disease and infection, recovering from injury and maintaining body temperature. The military population is heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, and duties and performs physically and cognitively diverse occupational tasks. Military nutrition plans must therefore fulfil very different energy and individual nutritional needs. Inadequate nutrition can lead to obesity, reduced immune defences, prolonged recovery time from illness and injury, and reduced physical performance. Inadequate intake of certain nutrients such as protein, iron, calcium, and vitamin D contributes to impaired recovery, which in turn increases the likelihood of injury. Requirements also depend on various external factors such as environmental temperatures and altitude. In the field, carrying food is also often a challenge, as the extra food in the rucksack represents additional weight that soldiers have to carry. It is therefore recommended that soldiers consume more energy-dense foods, which are often low in vitamins and minerals. At the same time, attention should be paid to ensure sufficient protein intake, as a negative nitrogen/protein balance can promote muscle breakdown. In extreme environmental conditions, it is also necessary to ensure adequate hydration status by drinking water and supplementing with salt and/or sugar and/or starch. Thus, adequate nutrition is critical to the soldier’s optimal emotional, cognitive and physical performance and must be carefully tailored to the task at hand
