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Unveiling the impact of synthesis routes on water and ethanol sorption performance of ZIF-71 and ZIF-93
Get PDFImproved low-temperature CO oxidation using heterogeneous nanofibrous structures decorated with Pd atoms and nanocrystals
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Menstrualni simptomi pri športnicah divizije I
Get PDFPurpose: To quantify the frequency of menstrual cycle (MC) symptoms experienced by Division I female lacrosse athletes and to discover if the symptoms were different among those who were taking a hormone contraceptive (HC) compared to those who were not (non-HC). Methods: As part of a daily wellness survey, athletes (non-HC = 10, HC = 11) were asked if they were menstruating. If they were, they were asked to identify any symptoms they were experiencing. The symptoms were recorded for each day of menstruation during their four-month competitive season. Reported symptoms were categorized as frequently, sometimes, rarely, or never. The frequencies of symptoms were tabulated in total and per cycle for each group. Results: The most frequently reported symptom was cramps with 90.4% of athletes reporting experiencing it at least once. Headaches (66%), back pain, and skin problems (57% each) were also frequently reported. HC users (0.7 ± 1.4 times/cycle) reported mood swings more frequently than non-HC users (0.03 ± 0.08, p = 0.029), but there were no other group differences for symptoms. Conclusions: Tracking symptoms associated with MC can help athletes and coach-es be aware of patterns and incorporate methods for mitigating or alleviating the symp-toms. Symptom tracking can also help athletes mentally prepare for the effects of their C on training and performance. More research is needed before recommending HC use as a management strategy for menstrual symptoms.Namen: Kvantificirati, kako pogosto doživljajo simptome menstrualnega cikla (MC) igralke lakrosa divizije I, in primerjati, ali se simptomi razlikujejo med športni-cami, ki uporabljajo hormonsko kontracepcijo (HK), in tistimi, ki je ne (ne-HK). Metodologija: V okviru dnevne ankete o počutju so morale športnice (ne-HK = 10, HK = 11) vsak dan odgovoriti, ali menstruirajo. Če so odgovorile pritrdilno, so bile pozvane k opisu simptomov. Simptome so zapisovale vsak dan menstruacije v štirime-sečnem obdobju tekmovalne sezone. Poročani simptomi so bili razvrščeni v kategorije pogosto, občasno, redko ali nikoli. Pogostost simptomov je bila predstavljena v tabe-larni obliki, in sicer skupno ter na cikel za vsako skupino posebej. Rezultati: Najpogostejši simptom, o katerem so poročale športnice, so bili krči in kar 90,4 % športnic je navedlo, da so ta simptom doživele vsaj enkrat. Pogosto so poročale tudi o glavobolih (66 %), bolečinah v hrbtu in težavah s kožo (oboje 57 %). Uporabnice HK (0,7 ± 1,4-krat/cikel) so pogosteje opažale nihanje razpoloženja od tistih, ki ne uporabljajo HK (0,03 ± 0,08, p = 0,029), pri čemer ni bilo drugih razlik glede simptomov med skupinama. Zaključki: Spremljanje simptomov, povezanih z MC, lahko športnicam in trenerjem pomaga prepoznati vzorce ter v delo vključiti načine za ublažitev ali lajšanje simpto-mov. Poleg tega se lahko športnice s spremljanjem simptomov psihično pripravijo na to, kako njihov MC vpliva na trening in zmogljivost. Potrebnih je več raziskav, preden bo mogoče HK priporočati kot strategijo za obvladovanje menstrualnih simptomov
The extent of labour and costs of forest restoration with planting, sowing, and protection measures against game damages in slovenia in the period 2007-2020
Get PDFV študiji smo analizirali obseg in stroške obnove gozdov s sajenjem in setvijo v Sloveniji za obdobje od 2007 do vključno 2020, ki jo je izvajal Zavod za gozdove Slovenije. V 14-letnem obdobju je ukrep sajenja potekal na 5.353 ha gozdnih površin, ukrep priprave tal za obnovo s sajenjem in setvijo na 3.489 ha površin, ukrep setve pa na 457 ha površin. Skupaj je bilo v Sloveniji obnovljene 0,5 % površine gospodarskih gozdov, kar v povprečju pomeni 0,04 % površine gospodarskih gozdov na leto. Pred divjadjo je bilo zaščitenih 61 % gozdnih površin, obnovljenih s sajenjem (približno 3.300 hektarov gozda). V tem obdobju je bilo za sadike porabljenih 9.457.562 EUR, od tega 66 % za listavce in 34 % za iglavce. V okviru obnove gozdov s sajenjem je bilo posajenih 6.176.099 sadik listavcev (51 %) in 5.913.388 sadik iglavcev (49 %), skupaj 12.089.487 dreves. V obdobju od leta 2007 do 2020 je bilo na celotnem območju Slovenije za vse ukrepe obnove gozdov s sajenjem in setvijo porabljenih 33.595.188 EUR, in sicer največ za sajenje (53 %) in varstvo pred divjadjo (42 %), za pripravo tal (4 %) in setev (1 %). V proučevanem obdobju je povprečna nabavna cena sadike klasične vzgoje (sadika z golo korenino) pri listavcih znašala 1,19 EUR, pri iglavcih pa 0,52 EUR, medtem ko je povprečna vrednost kontejnerske sadike listavcev znašala 1,96 EUR, kontejnerske sadike iglavcev pa 1,67 EUR. Primerjava med stroški obnove na površino, ki nastanejo pri obnovi s sajenjem, in stroški, ki nastanejo pri obnovi s setvijo za 14 gozdnogospodarskih območij skupaj v proučevanem obdobju, pokaže, da je strošek na hektar pri ukrepu sajenje bistveno večji (6.187 EUR / ha) od stroška na hektar pri ukrepu setev (1.036 EUR / ha).e analysed the scope and costs of forest restoration with planting and sowing in Slovenia for the period 2007 - 2020, which was carried out by the Slovenian Forest Service (SFS). In the 14-year period, forest restoration by planting seedlings was carried out on 5,353 ha of forest areas, the soil preparation for restoration with planting and sowing measure on 3,489 ha, and the sowing measure on 457 ha. In total, 0.5% of the area of managed forests was restored in Slovenia, which on average means 0.04% of the area of managed forests per year. 61% of the forest areas restored with planting (approximately 3,300 hectares of forest) were protected against game damage. During this period, €9,457,562 was spent on seedlings, of which 66% for broadleaves and 34% for conifers. Within the scope of forest restoration with planting, 6,176,099 broadleaf seedlings (51%) and 5,913,388 conifer seedlings (49%) were planted, for a total of 12,089,487 trees. In the period from 2007 to 2020, €33,595,188 was spent on artificial forest restoration measures across the entire territory of Slovenia, with the largest portion going to planting (53%) and protection against game damage (42%), followed by soil preparation (4%) and sowing (1%). In the period under review, the average purchase price (value) of a classic bare-root seedling was €1.19 for broadleaves and €0.52 for conifers, while the average value of a container seedling was €1.96 for broadleaves and €1.67 for conifers. A comparison between the per-hectare restoration costs incurred with planting and the costs incurred with sowing for 14 forest managemet regions in the studied period shows that the cost per hectare for the planting measure is significantly higher (€6,187/ha) than the cost per hectare for the sowing measure (€1,036/ha)
Spatiotemporal variability of dendroecological indicators in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) tree-rings across Europe in relation to species distribution models
Get PDFClimate is a primary, but non-stationary, driver of tree growth. Climate change is altering the sensitivity of forest growth to water availability and temperature over time. It is considered that pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) will cope with the changing climatic conditions in Europe in the near future. However, while species distribution models project expansion zones, they also identify reductions in occurrence at the dry and warm distribution margins. Whereas species distribution models primarily rely on occurrence data, tree rings—given their long-term perspective and their use in empirical models—can provide a mechanistic view of forest growth dynamics, including temporally changing climate responses. Increased climate sensitivity and growth synchrony are key dendroecological indicators of tree stress. Here, we used an unprecedented network of 150 Q. robur sites (over 3300 trees), covering the full projected range of contracting to persistent areas across Europe, to assess the dendroecological indicators over recent decades in relation to species distribution model predictions. We reveal that oaks in areas projected to experience range contraction exhibited greater sensitivity to current growing season climatic conditions, whereas those in persistence areas responded more strongly to previous season conditions. Growth synchrony among trees was higher in the contraction areas, but showed no significant increasing trend over the last 70 years, as expected from ecotone theory. Temporal shifts in climate sensitivity were stronger for temperature and vapor pressure deficit in the persistence areas, whereas the climatic water balance gained importance in the contraction zones. These findings suggest that Q. robur growth is not yet being severely affected by climate change, and that the species is currently coping well with the climate changes, even in regions with projected range contractions, thereby challenging statistically derived scenarios of range shift based on species distribution models
Spatiotemporal variability of dendroecological indicators in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) tree-rings across Europe in relation to species distribution models
No full textClimate is a primary, but non-stationary, driver of tree growth. Climate change is altering the sensitivity of forest growth to water availability and temperature over time. It is considered that pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) will cope with the changing climatic conditions in Europe in the near future. However, while species distribution models project expansion zones, they also identify reductions in occurrence at the dry and warm distribution margins. Whereas species distribution models primarily rely on occurrence data, tree rings––given their long-term perspective and their use in empirical models––can provide a mechanistic view of forest growth dynamics, including temporally changing climate responses. Increased climate sensitivity and growth synchrony are key dendroecological indicators of tree stress. Here, we used an unprecedented network of 150 Q. robur sites (over 3,300 trees), covering the full projected range of contracting to persistent areas across Europe, to assess the dendroecological indicators over recent decades in relation to species distribution model predictions. We reveal that oaks in areas projected to experience range contraction exhibited greater sensitivity to current growing season climatic conditions, whereas those in persistence areas responded more strongly to previous season conditions. Growth synchrony among trees was higher in the contraction areas, but showed no significant increasing trend over the last 70 years, as expected from ecotone theory. Temporal shifts in climate sensitivity were stronger for temperature and vapor pressure deficit in the persistence areas, whereas the climatic water balance gained importance in the contraction zones. These findings suggest that Q. robur growth is not yet being severely affected by climate change, and that the species is currently coping well with the climate changes, even in regions with projected range contractions, thereby challenging statistically derived scenarios of range shift based on species distribution models
