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Customized exploration of landscape features driving multi-objective combinatorial optimization performance
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Influence of selected cognitive performances on musculoskeletal injury occurrence in adult male professional Slovenian PrvaLiga football players in a prospective cohort study
Get PDFEvidence suggests athletes with lower baseline cognitive performance are at higher risk of musculoskeletal injuries. This prospective cohort study investigates basic and executive cognitive functions in predicting injuries in 78 professional male football (soccer) players from four Slovenian f irst league teams. Data were collected during the 2018/2019 winter break, and injuries recorded in the second half of that and the 2019/2020 season. Cognitive functions assessed by computerized tests (PsyToolkit) included psychomotor vigilance (simple, choice reaction time) and visuospatial memory (Corsi-block-tapping-test), while pen-and-paper tests assessed motor speed, visual scanning, and executive functions (TMTDelis-Kaplan-Executive-Function-System). Forty-two players sustained at least one musculoskeletal injury (9 contact injuries), 36 remained injury-free. Logistic regression analyses indicated that none of the cognitive measures significantly influenced injury occurrence (p > 0.05). However, non-significant trends were observed for the TMT ratio score (p = 0.065, OR = 1.64), reflecting cognitive flexibility, and for TMT-A (p = 0.05, OR = 0.60), reflecting visual scanning. Specifically, players with lower cognitive flexibility showed a 64% increase in the odds of sustaining an injury, while better visual scanning performance was associated with a 40% reduction in injury odds. No significant association was found between basic or executive cognitive functions and musculoskeletal injuries in professional male football players. However, a non-significant trend suggested that lower cognitive flexibility may be associated with increased injury risk. These findings underscore the need for larger studies to better clarify the role of executive functions in assessing injury risk in football
Low but significant evolutionary potential for growth, phenology and reproduction traits in European beech
No full textLocal survival of forest tree populations under climate change depends on existing genetic variation and their adaptability to changing environments. Responses to selection were studied in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) under field conditions. A total of 1,087 adult trees, seeds, one-year-old seedlings, and established multiyear saplings were genotyped with 16 nuSSRs. Adult trees were assessed for phenotypic traits related to growth, phenology and reproduction. Parentage and paternity analyses were used to estimate effective female and male fecundity as a proxy of fitness and showed that few parents contributed to successful regeneration. Selection gradients were estimated from the relationship between traits and fecundity, while heritability and evolvability were estimated using mixed models and the breeder’s equation. Larger trees bearing more fruit and early male flowering had higher total fecundity, while trees with longer growth season had lower total fecundity (directional selection). Stabilising selection on spring phenology was found for female fecundity, highlighting the role of late frosts as a selection driver. Selection gradients for other traits varied between measurement years and the offspring cohort used to estimate parental fecundity. Compared to other studies in natural populations, we found low to moderate heritability and evolvability for most traits. Response to selection was higher for growth than for budburst, leaf senescence or reproduction traits, reflecting more consistent selection gradients across years and sex functions, and higher phenotypic variability in the population. Our study provides empirical evidence suggesting that populations of long-lived organisms such as forest trees can adapt locally, even at short-time scales
Zgodnji Heidegger in biologija
Get PDFIn the paper, the author problematizes the attempt to aprioritize empirical sciences as well as the reduction of theoretical capacities of biology in the famous work by young Martin Heidegger Sein und Zeit. For this purpose, the relations between his Daseinsanalytik and the research findings of biology are examined. The author ties in with the criticism of Heidegger’s theses by Julius Kraft and Hans Albert. The aprioritization of everyday thinking as well as the claim of the a priori primacy of the lifeworld over the research findings of empirical sciences are rejected. Likewise, Heidegger’s thesis is rejected that biology does not give us an answer to the question, what is man, and that a crisis of fundamentals is allegedly at work in it. As Heidegger’s critique of biology may be misguided in terms of scientific theory, he may be suspected of a veiled anthropocentrism.Prispevek problematizira tako poskus apriorizacije empiričnih znanosti kot redukcijo teoretskih zmožnosti biologije v znamenitem delu mladega Martina Heideggra Bit in čas. Avtor zato prouči razmerja med njegovo Daseinsanalytik in raziskovalnimi rezultati biologije, pri čemer se sklicuje na kritiko Heideggrovih tez pri Juliusu Kraftu in Hansu Albertu. Članek zavrne tako apriorizacijo vsakdanjega mišljenja kot zatrjevanje apriorne prednosti življenjskega sveta pred raziskovalnimi rezultati empiričnih znanosti. Obenem zavrne tudi Heideggrovo misel, da nam biologija ne daje odgovorov na vprašanje, kaj je človek, in da je znotraj nje na delu kriza temeljev. Kolikor je Heideggrova kritika biologija morda napačna glede na smisel znanstvene teorije, mu je mogoče prisoditi prikrit antropocentrize
