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Sensory pollutants have negative but different effects on nestbox occupancy and breeding performance of a nocturnal raptor across Europe
Get PDFAnthropogenic noise and artificial light at night (ALAN) are expanding globally, acting as pervasive sensory pollutants that can disrupt wildlife behaviour and reproduction. While most research has focused on diurnal species, the effects of these pollutants on the ecological response of nocturnal predators remain poorly understood. Using data from nine European countries, we investigated the effects of traffic noise, ALAN, and road proximity on nestbox occupancy and reproduction in the Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), a nocturnal raptor widespread across Europe. Traffic noise consistently reduced both nestbox occupancy and reproductive success regardless of road proximity. ALAN also impaired occupancy and reproduction, but its negative effect on reproduction changed based on the proximity to roads. Interestingly, the negative effect of ALAN was stronger in sites further from roads, but it attenuated in their proximity, where owls\u27 hatching success and brood size moderately improved. This finding suggests that near roads, where prey abundance and availability are also generally high, owls may either find the prey regardless of ALAN or they may exploit it to facilitate hunting and brood provisioning. However, vicinity to roads might enhance mortality by vehicle collisions, which represents one of the greatest threats for the conservation of owls. Our findings highlight that anthropogenic noise and the co-occurrence between ALAN and roads can affect settlement decisions and breeding performance in nocturnal raptors, with potential consequences across the food chain. Mitigating anthropogenic noise and promoting nighttime-lighting systems that minimize owls\u27 presence close to roads will represent valuable actions to improve their conservation
Cross-positive linear maps, positive polynomials and sums of squares
Get PDFA -linear map between matrix spaces is cross-positive if it is positive on orthogonal pairs of positive semidefinite matrices in the sense that implies , and is completely cross-positive if all its ampliations are cross-positive. (Completely) cross-positive maps arise in the theory of operator semigroups, where they are sometimes called exponentially-positive maps, and are also important in the theory of affine processes on symmetric cones in mathematical finance. To each as above a bihomogeneous form is associated by . Then is cross-positive if and only if is nonnegative on the variety of pairs of orthogonal vectors . Moreover, is shown to be completely cross-positive if and only if is a sum of squares modulo the principal ideal . These observations bring the study of cross-positive maps into the powerful setting of real algebraic geometry. Here this interplay is exploited to prove quantitative bounds on the fraction of cross-positive maps that are completely cross-positive. Detailed results about cross-positive maps mapping between matrices are given. Finally, an algorithm to produce cross-positive maps that are not completely cross-positive is presented
Digital PCR-based genotyping: a precision approach to HCMV drug resistance
No full textThe genotyping workflow described uses digital PCR (dPCR) to detect and quantify drug resistance mutations in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The method focuses on the detection and quantification of three common mutations in the UL97 gene at codons 460, 594, and 595, which are responsible for the majority of ganciclovir-resistant clinical isolates. The dPCR approach offers high sensitivity and accuracy, making it suitable for routine testing as well as a reference measurement procedure for external quality assessment schemes. The workflow includes several key steps: DNA isolation, preparation of the dPCR reaction mixture, partitioning, thermocycling, and data analysis. This method improves the detection capabilities of HCMV drug resistance and provides a robust and efficient tool for clinical and research applications
Optimizacija vezivnega sistema na bazi fenol formaldehidne smole za izboljšanje temperaturne obstojnosti vroče stiskanih brusnih plošč in definiranje s tem povezanega razvojnega sistema v podjetju Weiler d.o.o.
Get PDFIn situ NMR spectroscopy and kinetic modeling reveal pathways and approaches to controlling selectivity in acid-catalyzed furfural oxidation
No full textReliability improvements for in-wheel motor
No full textSetting up a reliable electric propulsion system in the automotive sector requires an intelligent condition monitoring device capable of reliably assessing the state and the health of the electric motor. To allow for a massive integration of such monitoring devices, they must be inexpensive and small. These requirements limit their accuracy. However, we show in this chapter that these limitations can be significantly reduced by appropriate processing of the sensor data. We have used machine learning models (random forest and XGBoost) to transform very noisy motor winding insulation resistance measurements made by a low-cost device into a much more reliable value that can compete with measurements made by a high-priced state-of-the-art measurement system. The proposed method is an important building block for a future smart condition monitoring system and enables a cost-effective and accurate assessment of the condition of electric motor health in connection with the condition of their winding insulation
Dataset of xylem and phloem traits of Fraxinus ornus, Quercus pubescens and Ostrya carpinifolia from Podgorski Kras (Slovenia) in the period 2019-2021
No full textExtreme mass distributions for quasi-copulas
Get PDFThe recent survey [3] nicknamed “Hitchhiker’s Guide” has raised the rating of quasi-copula problems in the dependence modeling community in spite of the lack of statistical interpretation of quasi-copulas. In our previous work we addressed the question of extreme values of the mass distribution associated with a mutidimensional quasi–copulas. Using linear programming approach we were able to settle [3, Open Problem 5] up to and disprove a recent conjecture from [14] on solution to that problem. In this note we use an analytical approach to provide a complete answer to the original question
Slippery slopes
Get PDFUnderstanding the processes driving the diversity of mountain herpetofauna requires a comprehensive examination of species diversification across evolutionary scales. Here, we investigate the phylogeography of Iberolacerta, a genus of eight lizard species mainly restricted to high elevations in southwestern Europe. Using genomic data, we reconstructed a nuclear phylogeny that aligns with mitochondrial evidence in supporting the divergence of all currently recognized species. Notably, we detect historical nuclear gene flow between I. cyreni and I. martinezricai in Central Spain, suggesting past range overlap, reminiscent of previously observed mitochondrial introgression between I. galani and I. monticola, and the lack of divergence between disjoint populations of I. monticola. Bioclimatic projections accordingly depict broader historical ranges during the last glacial maximum compared to interglacial and current conditions. At the intraspecific level, genomic analyses of four high-elevation species reveal that genetic structure is mainly shaped by isolation-by-distance and, in I. cyreni, by separation among mountain ranges, while heterozygosity generally decreases with elevation. These findings are consistent with the impact of glacial-interglacial cycles on the genetic diversity of montane taxa: populations experience genetic isolation and altitudinal bottlenecks during interglacial periods, but are reconnected and admix in lowland areas during glacial periods. These processes are expected to leave contrasting signatures between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, as well as between slow- and fast-evolving molecular markers. From a conservation perspective, our results highlight that the genetically richest – and potentially most adaptive – populations occur at the lowland edges of the species’ ranges, where they are also most vulnerable to climate change
