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Simultaneous determination of 148 pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in sewage sludge based on ultrasound-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Get PDFThis paper describes the development and validation of a new method for the simultaneous determination of 148 substances in sewage sludge. The selected compounds belong to different classes of pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and antidepressants,
among others, and illicit drugs, including opiates, opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabinoids, and their metabolites. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first method in the peer-reviewed literature covering such a large number of target drugs for determination in a complex matrix like sewage sludge. The method presented herein combines ultrasoundassisted extraction (USE) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Good analytical performance was achieved, with limit-of-detection values below 10 ng g−1 d.w. for 91 % of the analytes and absolute recovery
in the range 50–110 % for more than 77 % of the studied compounds. A combination of methanol and acidified water, also containing EDTA, proved to be the optimum solvent
mixture to perform the extractions. An extra solid-phaseextraction clean-up step was not required, substantially reducing sample-preparation time and solvent consumption. Finally, the developed method was applied to the analysis of different sewage-sludge samples from five wastewater treatment plants of Santorini Island (Greece). Out of the 148 target compounds, 36 were detected. Several compounds, including acetylsalicylic acid, citalopram, and ciprofloxacin among others, had maximum concentrations above 100 ng g−1 d.w
Finnish experiences regarding access to higher education and changing higher education and changing higher education policies
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Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental evolution of the southern Evoikos Basin, Aegean Sea as deduced from palaeontological and sedimentological data
Get PDFLate Quaternary paleoenvironmental reconstruction and paleoclimatic implications of the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean) based on paleoceanographic indexes and stable isotopes
Get PDFThe Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental evolution and the main palaeoceanographic changes of the Aegean Sea was reconstructed using planktonic foraminifera obtained from the sediments of a northern (SK-1) and a southern (NS-14) core site. Multivariate statistical approach, including Q-mode cluster and Principal Component (PCA) Analyses, gives an insight into the relationships between sea surface environmental changes between the north and south Aegean, and furthermore serves as a baseline data set for palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic reconstructions of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Stable isotope analyses coupled with additional paleoceanographic (sea surface temperature (SST), productivity (SSP), stratification (S-index), upwelling (U-index), seasonality (Sn-index)) proxies provide insights into the sedimentological, hydrographic and trophic evolution and ecosystem dynamics of the Aegean Sea, and furthermore serve as a baseline data set for palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic reconstructions of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Concentrating on the last ~19 ka, faunal and isotopic data concur, suggesting a series of climatic zones, corresponding to well-known climatic phases of the last glacial cycle. Cold and arid conditions during the late glacial period were followed by a warmer and wetter
climate trend during deglacial time. A marked seasonality, characterized by homogenous water column favored by efficient upwelling during the winter and by warm stratified water column during the summer, has also been recognized during this period (BøllingeAllerød e BeA) in both basins. An abrupt switch to cool, arid climatic event (Younger Dryas e YD) suggests a strengthening of winter convection around 12.9 ka, which seems to be more evident in the north Aegean core. However, the more pronounced environmental changes between the north and south Aegean Sea were identified during the Holocene, and they coincide with the deposition of sapropel S1 and Sapropel-Mid-Holocene (SMH). The
comparison between SK-1 and NS-14 records indicated significant changes in both the productivity and stratification patterns, with the former the main factor in north Aegean and the latter in south Aegean for S1 deposition. Regarding the localized deposition of SMH in the semi-enclosed shallow south Aegean site, the fully oxygenated and less productive water column conditions prevailing during that time (5.4 e4.3 ka) in the north Aegean were the limiting factor for its deposition
Economic crisis as an opportunity for human-centred and greener development of Greek regions [First draft]
No full textΑπομόνωση δευτερογενών μεταβολιτών με αντιμικροβιακή δράση από θαλάσσιους οργανισμούς προερχόμενους από μεγάλα βάθη
Get PDFΟι θαλάσσιοι οργανισμοί αποτελούν μία ανεξάντλητη πηγή δευτερογενών μεταβολιτών με ιδιαίτερες χημικές δομές και ενδιαφέροντες οικολογικούς ρόλους, οι οποίοι παράλληλα παρουσιάζουν ευρύ φάσμα βιολογικών δράσεων συχνά μέσω εξειδικευμένων μηχανισμών. Μέχρι σήμερα, αρκετά μόρια προερχόμενα από θαλάσσιους οργανισμούς αποτελούν τη δραστική ουσία φαρμακευτικών σκευασμάτων, ενώ πολλά ακόμη βρίσκονται σε διάφορα στάδια προκλινικών και κλινικών δοκιμών. Πέρα από το φαρμακολογικό ενδιαφέρον, τα θαλάσσια φυσικά προϊόντα βρίσκουν εφαρμογή και σε άλλα πεδία, όπως στην τεχνολογία υλικών, στην κοσμητολόγια, αλλά και στην αντιμετώπιση της βιοεπίστρωσης
