Expresní Astronomické Informace
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"Litwani et rex eorum ad fidem convertuntur Cristi" : vnímání Litvy a Litevců ve středověkém Slezsku
No full textIn the contribution were shown threads devoted to Lithuania and Lithuanians, based on the data from the Silesian chronicles and annals that were written in Silesia in the Middle Ages. Considerable geographic distance and almost any direct contact caused relatively little interest in the presenting this subject by the Silesian chroniclers. A little more attention was paid in the connection with the baptism of the grand duke of Lithuania Jogaila, his accession to the Polish throne, and the Christianisation of Lithuanians. The victory of the Polish-Lithuanian troops over the Teutonic Knights in the battle of Grunwald in 1410 was also of interest of the historiographers
1969–1972: The Case of Samos by Zbigniew Herbert
Get PDFV roce 1964 obdržel polský básník Zbigniew Herbert vízum pro cestu do Řecka. O své cestě pojednává v pěti esejích věnovaných antickému Řecku, které vycházely v letech 1965–1973, dříve, než byly vydány posmrtně v souboru názvem Labyrint u moře (2000). Proč se Herbert zajímá v páté eseji, jež vznikla v roce 1969, o revoltu na ostrově Samos proti athénské hegemonii? Díky tomuto tématu může promlouvat o současnosti (pražské jaro a jeho potlačení) a cenzuře: návrat prostřednictvím minulosti, explicitní a implicitní analogie. Disidentský básník také navrhuje politickou analýzu sovětské totality a pohrává si s dvojsmysly. Ale toto gesto angažovanosti ve prospěch odporu Čechoslováků musí být chápáno v perspektivě širšího rámce historického výzkumu dané doby a reflexe dějin vítězi.In 1964 Polish poet Zbigniew Herbert obtained his visa for Greece. This trip was the basis for five essays devoted to ancient Greece that were published between 1965 and 1973, before being gathered in a posthumous collection, The Labyrinth by the Sea (2000). In the fifth essay, written in 1969, Herbert interested in the episode about the Revolt of Samos against Athenian hegemony. Why this particular interest? This subject allows him to speak about the present (the Prague Spring) and its repression by-passing censorship: the detour in the past as well as the process of explicit and especially implicit analogy. The dissident poet also proposes a political analysis of Soviet totalitarianism, playing on a series of double meanings. But this commitment supporting the revolt of the Czechoslovaks must be put into perspective in the broader context of the historical research of his time and his reflection on how the victors write history
Mirrors in 19th-century Greek prose fiction: The King of Hades (Constantinople, 1882)
Get PDFIn 19th-century Modern Greek life, the most common written word that means \u27mirror\u27 was \u27katoptron\u27. It is well-known that during this period katoptron as a material object still indicated luxury and welfare. Many 19th-century Modern Greek writers, just like their colleagues in Europe, used \u27katoptron\u27 as a means of mirroring in metaphorical and symbolic ways: it mirrors the body but reflects the soul, it tells truths or lies, it reveals the future or the past, it provokes feelings and emotions, joy or despair, self-complacency or remorse. A widespread use of katoptron during the same period made the mirror equivalent to a means that provides a wide periscopic or panoramic point of view, a full inspection of an issue discussed by the writer. But it appears that there was a wider spread of the use of katoptron/mirror as a synonym of profound (and meant to be scientific) research on social and individual morality. Some of these meanings of katoptron can be found in the three-volume Modern Greek novel The King of Hades published in Constantinople in 1882, written by Konstantinos Megarefs and obviously inspired by the famous The Count of Monte Cristo (1844) by Alexandre Dumas. The present paper examines the role of the mirror in this novel in the context of the aforementioned meanings. Subsequently it focuses on a very special use of a mirror as a secret key-mechanism and invisible door/passage leading to an underground space used for escape, hiding, and punishment, and it discusses this particular use of the mirror as a constructive element in the mystery novel
Les pratiques religieuses dans les montagnes japonaises : de la fuite des enfers vers les pratiques saines, durables et spirituelles de la société de consommation
Get PDFKniha uvažuje o japonských horách ako o miestach náboženských úkonov. Autorka čitateľovi ponúka pohľad na historický i súčasný stav náboženských praktík pričom nezanedbáva ekonomický aspekt ich vývoja. Prvé tri kapitoly, venované historickému vývoju náboženských praktík v horskej oblasti Tatejama, odhaľujú súvislosť medzi horami a predstavami o posmrtnom živote v Japonsku. Príklad pútnického miesta Tatejama, populárneho v období Edo, pomáha predstaviť si akým spôsobom fungovalo v tomto období pútnické miesto a náboženský kult. Autorka pritom poukazuje na ekonomickú stránku prevádzky pútnického miesta. Terénny výskum a účasť na náboženských praktikách v horských oblastiach Tatejama a Dewa Sanzan umožnil autorke sledovať ich terajší stav. Získaný výskumný materiál poodhaľuje napríklad úlohu konceptu kultúrneho dedičstva v úsilí o udržiavanie náboženských praktík v súčasnosti. Táto časť poskytuje zaujímavý pohľad na to, ako sa poskytovatelia náboženských praktík a ich účastníci prispôsobujú novodobým podmienkam. Novodobým asketickým úkonom prebiehajúcim vo vodopádoch je venovaná posledná kapitola. Napriek tomu, že tieto sú považované za marginálne praktiky, komplexnosť kvalít, s ktorými sú spájané je príkladom kreativity v úsilí o ich údržbu. ,The study examines the Japanese mountains as places of religious practices. The author looks at both the historical and the present-day religious practices enacted in the mountains and asks how the logic of the market has shaped them. By looking through the historical development of religious practices in the mountainous locality of Tateyama, the first three chapters offer an understanding of the relationship between mountains and notions of the afterlife. The case of Tateyama, a popular pilgrimage site during the Edo period, provides an insight into the pilgrimage place and its mountain cult taking into account the economic aspects in the maintenance of the cult. Drawing on insights gained through field research in the Japanese mountains of Tateyama and Dewa Sanzan, the author explores the present-day re-enactments and sustenance of religious practices and their intersection with the cultural heritage concept. These observations have provided a useful perspective on adjustments between providers of religious practices and participants. Although seen as marginal practices, austerities such as taki gyō and the complexity of qualities associated with them are introduced in the last chapter as examples of the creative sustenance of present-day ascetic practices