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Bewilderment as a pragmatic ingredient of teacher-student dialogic interactions
Get PDFSeveral studies on dialogic pedagogies have contributed to shedding light on how the traditional, authoritative Inquiry-Response-Evaluation (IRE) pattern may be transformed into more open, discursive formats through the inclusion of discursive moves, e.g. questions, that are more "authentic" than others. However, the problem of defining genuine teacher-student dialogue at a discourse sequence level remains open. In this essay, I define this type of dialogue from a cognitive perspective, as a dialogue aimed at fulfilling a sensemaking goal framed in at least three ways: as an individual constructionist, a socio-constructivist, and a socio-epistemological process. I then propose bewilderment, based on the philosophical concept of "critical aporia," as a necessary ingredient of pedagogical teacher-student interactions. These two elements, sensemaking and bewilderment, are then used together as framing indicators of three different profiles of pedagogical dialogues
"It Is the Scale That Makes the Phenomenon" : towards conceptualizing the contents and functions of religion in Czech religiosity research today
No full textThe paper focuses on the topic of conceptualizing religion in Czech society today from the perspective of the Study of Religions. The paper further develops and assesses in theoretical terms the findings of descriptive content analysis published by Veronika Hásová and Jan Váně (2014), who identified and quantified the frequency of variables of religiosity applied by researchers in the Czech Republic. The characteristics applied most frequently are categorized as functional characteristics (religious affiliation, church attendance) and substantive characteristics (belief in diverse religious phenomena) of religiosity. Results and conclusions of the analysis of religiosity in the Czech Republic depend heavily on how the functional and substantive characteristics of religiosity are conceived and formulated. The functional characteristic of religious affiliation conceived in terms of church membership results in a low measure of religiosity and supports the conclusion concerning the purported irrelevance of religions and religious identities in the Czech society today. Other surveys based on different conceptualizations of religious identities reveal the relevance of religion as far as the attitudes and values of respondents are concerned. Topics connected to religions and religious identities continue to be discussed within the public sphere of Czech society, e.g. through the media. As far as the substantive characteristics of belief in religious phenomena are concerned, the specification of the subject of such belief is of vital importance. As surveys of religiosity reveal, respondents relatively often declare their belief in or reliance on phenomena connected with alternative religiosity or spirituality. The ways of conceptualizing religion in Czech society today often ignore the dynamics of religious change in modern societies and do not take into account changes in the perceived content and functions of religious phenomena. Critical examination of the variables of religiosity leads towards a re-examination of conclusions concerning the purported irreligious or secular nature of Czech society toda
К/ф А. Куросавы "Хакути" ("Идиот") как диалог с Достоевским на теме существования, моральной красоты и травмы
Get PDFAkira Kurosawa\u27s Hakuchi ("The Idiot", 1951), based on F. Dostoevsky\u27s eponymous novel, is one of the most complex and ambitious films of the Japanese master. Deeply impressed by Russian literature, and namely by the work of Dostoevsky, Kurosawa demonstrates a will to adapt not only the plot and themes from the novel but also some particular features of its narrative construction. At the same time, the film is conceived as a free rewriting of the Russian source based on the Japanese cultural and historical framework of the traumatic post-war era. In doing that, Kurosawa made possible to develop Dostoevsky\u27s reflections on the nature of Love and Evil according to philosophical categories of the Japanese culture – in particular by approaching the questions posed by the Russian writer under a non-Christian, but rather Zen-Buddhist point of view.Фильм японского мастера кино Акиры Куросавы "Хакути" ("Идиот", 1951), основанный на одноименном романе Ф.М. Достоевского, является одним из самых сложных и амбициозных шедевров режиссера. Под сильными впечатлениями от русской литературы, и в частности от творчества Достоевского, Куросава проявляет желание адаптировать не только сюжет и темы романа, но и некоторые специфические черты его повествовательной структуры. В то же время русский источник подвергается в фильме коренным изменениям в соответствии с травматическим историко-культурным контекстом послевоенной Японии. Таким способом, Куросава смог свободно развивать размышления Достоевского о природе любви и зла, опираясь на философские категории японской культуры, а в частности с не-христианским, а скорее дзен-буддистским подходом к вопросам, поставленным русским писателем
Pohled řádu německých rytířů na Litevce kolem roku 1400 a význam kolektivní paměti
No full textNot only the perception of the contemporary Lithuanians and Vytautas by Konrad von Jungingen (1393–1407) and the Teutonic Order, but also the Order\u27s memory of the earlier actions of the Lithuanians under King Mindaugas were the background against which the policy of the beginning 15th century was conducted. There is a nexus between memory, perception and politics. The Order still perceived the Lithuanians around 1400 as pagans. The memory studies, especially the central ideas of Maurice Halbwachs\u27 classical theories on collective memory and the "cadres sociaux" provide a plausible explanation