Expresní Astronomické Informace
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Effect of emotion-focused training in self-compassion and self-protection in students with mild intellectual disabilities
Get PDFZatiaľ čo sebasúcit sprevádzajú podporné, láskavé myšlienky k sebe, sebakritickosť sa vyznačuje negatívnymi, kritickými myšlienkami, pocitmi zlyhania a nedostatočnosti. Cieľom tejto výskumnej štúdie bolo zistiť efekt intervencie Tréningu zameraného na emócie pre sebasúcit a sebaobranu na úroveň sebakritickosti a sebasúcitu u žiakov s ľahkým mentálnym postihnutím. Nášho výskumu sa zúčastnilo 36 participantov, z toho 19 participantov z intervenčnej skupiny, u ktorých prebiehala 3mesačná intervencia, a 17 participantov z kontrolnej skupiny, u ktorých sme intervenciu nevykonali. Všetci respondenti mali ľahký stupeň mentálneho postihnutia a navštevovali Špeciálnu základnú školu na Slovensku. Dáta sme získavali dotazníkmi (Škála sebasúcitu a Škála foriem sebakritickosti a sebapotvrdenia) na začiatku intervencie a po jej skončení. Výsledky ukazujú, že v prípade sebakritických dimenzií bola intervencia účinná, nakoľko sa v intervenčnej skupine v porovnaní s kontrolnou skupinou miera sebakritickosti po intervencii znížila. V prípade sebasúcitu musíme konštatovať, že sa sebasúcit zvýšil aj v intervenčnej, aj kontrolnej skupine, takže nemožno povedať, že intervencia bola účinná.While self-compassion is accompanied by supportive, warm, and kind thoughts about oneself, self-criticism is characterized by negative, critical thoughts and feelings of failure and inadequacy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of emotion-focused training in self-compassion and self-protection on the level of self-criticism and self-esteem in pupils with mild intellectual disabilities. Our research sample consisted of 36 participants, out of which 19 participants were in the intervention group, who were undergoing a 3-month intervention, and 17 were in the control group, where we did not intervene. All participants had a mild degree of an intellectual disability and were attending a special primary school in Slovakia. We collected data (the Self-Compassion Scale and the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale) at the beginning and after the intervention. The results show that in the case of the self-criticism the intervention was effective as the intervention group decreased their levels of self-criticism after the intervention compared to the control group. In the case of self-compassion, we must state that self-compassion increased in both the intervention and control groups, so we cannot conclude that the intervention was effective
Lichtenštejnsko po první světové válce
No full textAt the moment of the outbreak of the First World War, Liechtenstein was in a fundamental sense dependent on Austria. The consequences of the war were therefore very difficult for Liechtenstein. They affected both the economy and the political sphere, where calls for new political and civil rights can be noted. After the end of the war, this led to the issuance of a new constitution (1921) and also to a new direction in foreign policy. This was also followed by a redirecting of economic relations towards Switzerland (currency, 1924 Customs Union Treaty). At the same time, Liechtenstein sought a way out of the economic crisis in new legislation (Personengesellschaftsrecht 1926)