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    Writer\u27s Diary by Dostoyevsky in the contexts and confrontations

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    Deník spisovatele představuje dílo, jemuž doposud není v ruském a obdobně ani v českém a slovenském prostředí věnována stejná pozornost jako Dostojevského románům. Předkládaná monografie je tvořena sedmi kapitolami a o pozdním díle ruského spisovatele pojednává ze čtyř aspektů: žánrového, tematického, motivického a recepčního. Z hlediska žánru je Deník spisovatele řazen k žánrovému typu tzv. spisovatelského deníku. Dílo je zkoumáno v kontextu doby svého vzniku a rovněž v kontextu autorovy osobnosti, současně s tím jsou sledovány poetologické rysy díla. Dále jsou v rámci Deníku spisovatele definovány tři stěžejní tematické okruhy (Rusko a Západ, obraz Petěrburgu, postavy dětí a podoby dětství), specifika literárních žánrů (střední epika s fantastickými rysy, esej, dopis, memoáry a kritická stať) a specifika motivů (motivy živlů, tzv. nahodilé rodiny a snů). V závěrečné kapitole se pozornost zaměřuje na otázky recepce v českém i slovenském prostředí. ,The Writer\u27s Diary is a work that has so far failed to receive as much attention as Dostoevsky\u27s novels in the Czech and Slovak milieus. The presented monograph consists of seven chapters and comments on the Russian writer\u27s late work from four aspects: the genre, theme, motif and reception. Regarding the theme, the Writer\u27s Diary belongs in the so-called literary diary. The work is examined with view to the period of its creation, the author\u27s personality and the poetological features. The Writer\u27s Diary also defines three principal themes (Russia and the West, the image of St. Petersburg, characters of the children and the form of childhood), specific features of literary genres (tales with fantasy elements, essays, letters, memoirs and critical essays) and specific features of the motifs (the natural elements or the so-called random family and dreams). The last chapter is focused on reception of the work in the Czech and Slovak milieus

    The Roman cult of Mithras : atlas of sites and catalogue of Mithraic evidence I

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    Kult původně perského boha Mithry, který se po přelomu letopočtů rozšířil po území Římské říše, představuje jednu z nejzajímavějších náboženských tradic antického světa. Atlas lokalit a katalog nálezů je systematickým příspěvkem k heuristické stránce studia tohoto kultu. Poskytuje aktualizovaný seznam lokalit spojených s uctíváním Mithry a uvádí stručný popis artefaktů a objektů, které byly v těchto místech objeveny. Kromě potvrzených mithraistických nálezů zahrnuje rovněž monumenty sporné povahy nebo nálezy, které byly v důsledku pozdějšího bádání vyřazeny, čímž aktualizuje v současnosti již značně zastaralý Vermaserenův korpus mithraistického materiálů z 60. let 20. století. ,The cult of the originally Persian god Mithras, which spread throughout the Roman Empire in the first centuries CE, represents one of the most fascinating religions of the ancient world. The Atlas of Sites and Catalogue of Evidence is a systematic heuristic contribution to the study of this cult. It provides an up-to-date list of places associated with the worship of Mithras and briefly describes the sanctuaries and artefacts discovered at these sites. In addition to confirmed Mithraic evidence, it also includes monuments of questionable nature or finds that have been excluded as non-Mithraic in later research, thus updating the now largely outdated Vermaseren corpus of Mithraic evidence from the 1960s

    King of the monsters! : films with Godzilla from 1954 to 1965

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    Tato kniha vstupuje do ustaveného pole filmové historie s formální analýzou prvních šesti filmů s Godzillou, jež produkovalo studio Toho v letech 1954 až 1965. Skrze nástroje poetiky fikce odpovídá na otázku, jak mohla tato kaiju série být pro diváky stále lákavá. Hlavní argument knihy pak spočívá v dialektickém vztahu mezi narativní a stylistickou kontinuitou a diskontinuitou. Určité aspekty zůstávaly nezměněny, jiné se transformovaly či variovaly. Lákavost série tak nevzešla pouze z rvaček velkých monster, ale rovněž z kulturní asimilace populárních žánrů, zahraničních vlivů, témat a narativních vzorců. ,This book enters an established area in film studies with a formal analysis of the first six Godzilla films produced by Toho Studios in the years 1954-1965. Through the analytical tools of poetics of fiction, this book uncovers how the kaiju series stayed attractive for its viewers throughout the examined years. The main argument lies in a dialectical relationship between narrative and stylistic continuity and discontinuity. Certain aspects of the series stayed in place, others would undergo transformations and variations. The main appeal did not come simply from the fist-fighting monsters but cultural assimilation of popular genres, foreign influences, topics and narrative patterns

    Medzi skutočnosťou, slovom a časom

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    Antifranzösischer Diskurs in der Tschechoslowakei in den 1960er Jahren

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    In the 1960s the communist-controlled Czechoslovakia strongly ideologically opposed the Western countries both in terms of public promotional activities as well as in the internal materials of the Czechoslovak state authorities. Their anti-Western rhetoric was also focused on the system of government and economic situation. It is also the focus of this contribution which uses France as an example. It is based on contents and linguistic analysis of the materials of the Czechoslovak diplomatic service and the newspaper Rudé právo

    The aesthetics of the machine-god : transcendence, salvation, or dystopia in the image of the technological god-entity

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    In popular fiction, as well as in theoretical philosophy, often inspired by technological evolution, we often come across the entity of the so-called machine-god. Originating in creation myths, later adapted into the science-fiction and horror genres, the opposition between a synthetic, fabricated creation and its potentially devastating influence on its creator has been approached from multiple angles. With the rise of technological advancement, the idea of a machine capable of surpassing the human in his physical, as well as mental capabilities, becoming thus something greater than humanity itself, has slowly gained in importance. This paper aims to analyze the concept of a man-made machine-god, depicted in popular culture and contemporary scientific theories, and through the perspective of aesthetics and semiotics, compare it to its potential non-fictional parallels. Through analyzing the symbolism of modern depictions, historical discourse, and reasoning behind the subconscious reaction, it aims to analyze the possible interactions between humankind and a god that humankind itself would create

    The quest for identities in modern Lebanese women\u27s fiction

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    Monografie se zabývá tvorbou ženských autorek v kontextu libanonské občanské války. Rozebírá díla dvou z nejvýraznějších představitelek válečného románu v Libanonu, jejichž hlavními protagonistkami jsou ženy. První kapitola čtenáři přibližuje kulturně-společenské a literární podhoubí zkoumaného období, další dvě kapitoly se věnují představení jednotlivých románů. Vlastní analýza se poté soustředí na procesy sebeutváření. Kapitola zabývající se románem Zahrin příběh (Ḥikājat Zahra) pohlíží na proces sebeutváření z pohledu podřizování se moci. V díle Marjam příběhů (Marjam al-ḥakājā) je fenomén moci zkoumán z pohledu ženského vyprávění, které představuje tradiční nástroj rozrušování patriarchálního diskurzu. Stěžejní kapitoly jsou doplněny o překladové ukázky z děl, která do slovenštiny ani češtiny doposud přeložena nebyla. ,The monograph presents a study of women\u27s literary response to the civil war in Lebanon. It focuses on two of the most prominent writers of (post-)civil war novel, namely Ḥanān ash-Shaykh and ʿAlawiyya Ṣubuḥ. The focus is laid on those works that feature female protagonists, while the scope is narrowed to the study of identity formation. Having situated women’s writings on the war into a broader socio-cultural and literary context in the introductory chapter, the second chapter traces the process of identity formation in the novel Ḥikāyat Zahra (The Story of Zahra), while the third one presents the reader with the analysis of Maryam al-ḥakāyā (Maryam of Stories). The chapters are complemented by the excerpts from the novels that have not yet been translated into Slovak or Czech language

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    Parallel metaphors in theosophy and transhumanism

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    In The Singularity Is Near (2005), pioneering transhumanist Raymond Kurzweil described the end goal of a six-epoch evolutionary cosmogony, claiming that "once non-biological intelligence gets a foothold in the human brain ... the machine intelligence in our brains will grow exponentially ... Ultimately, the entire universe will become saturated with our intelligence. This is the destiny of the universe". A hundred years earlier, Helena Blavatsky, founder of the Theosophical Society, rolled out her own evolutionary cosmogony in The Secret Doctrine (1888), in which the "spiritual nature" of human beings, along with the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms, as well as the chemical elements, are all developed through a complex cyclic progression of seven planetary stages, linked together via "rounds" and "chains," culminating in the spiritualization of all matter in the universe. At a glance, it may seem these two conceptual models, separated by years of history, have little to do with one another. Yet as I argue in this paper, the contemporary ideas of transhumanists share the logics of turn-of-the-century theosophists and theosophically informed esoteric groups, albeit in a reductive, materialistic, and technologically deterministic mode. Both intellectual expressions are anchored in a historical context awash in new forms of technology and scientific advancement and therefore share in the utopic hopes and apocalyptic nightmares about the transformation of human bodies and human consciousness. To highlight these similarities, I use three case studies: the Temple of the People in Halcyon, California; the prognostications of Rudolf Steiner\u27s Anthroposophical Society; and G. I. Gurdjieff\u27s notion of the "machine man". These case studies point to a link between the logics and use of metaphors in esotericism and transhumanism – the one religious, the other scientific – as well as the application of evolutionary principles to the developing stages of human consciousnesses and the cosmos

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