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I realised I didn’t do that! Future teachers’ noticing and reasoning processes when analysing videos of their assessment practices
No full textThis research explores the formative assessment practices of 11 pre-service primary education teachers in Chile, focusing on their noticing and reasoning processes through the analysis of their own classroom video recordings. Using stimulated recall interviews, we analysed the aspects that captured their attention and their reasoning regarding the selected episodes. We conducted thematic analysis using inductive and deductive coding to define categories and themes. We initially conducted a cross-case analysis to then examine individual patterns we refer to as profiles. Our results reveal two reflection profiles: criterion-based and integrative. In both profiles, the teachers focused on analysing the implementation of their formative assessment strategies. However, their reasoning differed: student teachers in the criterion-based profile made general associations, often using checklists, whereas those in the integrative profile provided more in-depth explanations, connecting their observations with previous experiences. Our findings demonstrate that, although watching lesson videos can benefit teachers, it may not improve the quality of analysis without the proper educational scaffolding. Furthermore, the difficulties participants reported in gathering student learning evidence and providing feedback to students highlight the importance of intentionally incorporating these practices to teacher education programmes
Does intergroup contact affect political attitudes and behaviours? - A longitudinal mediation analysis using the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey (ELSOC)
No full textIntergroup contact has been known to not only affect attitudes towards contacted and noncontacted outgroups, but also to affect people’s open and liberal thinking, which in turn affects a variety of human experiences, cognitions and behaviours outside the intergroup dimension (called tertiary transfer effect, TTE). This manuscript explores one suggested TTE of intergroup contact affecting political attitudes and behaviours mediated via intergroup ideologies in a multiverse approach combining several intergroup contact, intergroup ideologies and political attitudes and behaviours indicators. We used three waves of the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey (ELSOC, N =2,863). Using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models, we found numerous stable betweenperson associations between intergroup contact, intergroup ideologies and political attitudes and behaviours, but we did not find consistent longitudinal evidence supporting the investigated TTE on a within-person level . However, we did find isolated longitudinal effects of negative intergroup contact frequency predicting preference for social equality and outgroup liking on a within-person level, which we advise to interpret with caution (due to, e.g., overall very low frequency of contact in the analysed dataset). We contextualise our findings in the existing literature and provide suggestions for future research to investigate the causal processes proposed to underlie TTEs. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement
Maximum capture location problem with random utilities and overflow penalties
No full textThis paper extends the maximum capture location problem with random utilities by incorporating the facility capacity and introducing penalties for overflows into the objective function. We propose a method that combines the key features of two state-of-the-art approaches for the uncapacitated case, which are adapted to solve the problem at hand. The first approach is a linear reformulation that extends the best-known linearization in the literature, which is based on variable substitution. The second approach is a reformulation that incorporates outer-approximation cuts and enhanced submodular cuts, solving the problem via a branch-and-cut approach. We tested the performance of the three approaches on several instances and show that the combined method outperforms each of the preceding techniques. The optimal location patterns of the model are also analysed, and it is found that considering the overflow and overflow penalties in the objective function affects the location decisions. The resulting optimal locations align more closely with practical scenarios.DICYT; Folio: 032362JM_DASANID/FONDECYT; Folio: 11250901ANID PIA/PUENTE; Folio: AFB23000
PANDORA: An open-access database of indoor pollutant emission rates for IAQ modeling
No full textModeling indoor air quality requires reliable data on pollutant emission rates (ERs) from indoor sources. While many studies focus on measuring indoor pollutant concentrations, far fewer provide the source-specific ERs needed for predictive modeling, and those that do often report fragmented and non-standardized formats that limit their use. This paper addresses this gap by introducing PANDORA (a comPilAtioN of inDOor aiR pollutAnt emissions), an internet-based open-access database designed to improve consistency and transparency in indoor air quality assessments. PANDORA systematically compiles ERs data for gaseous and particulate pollutants from a wide range of indoor sources. It classifies 747 sources into comprehensive categories such as construction and decoration materials (354), furniture (38), cleaning products and air fresheners (123), occupants and occupant activities (134), heating and cooking appliances (48), electrical equipment (40), whole room or building (6) and others (4). In this paper, we summarize key experimental methods used to assess the pollutants. To aid in informed decision-making, statistical analyses are provided for selected indoor pollutants of interest, including PM2.5, formaldehyde, benzene, and TVOC. Additionally, we compare the impact of using three different modeling approaches and assumptions through a case study that uses the PANDORA data to evaluate indoor pollutant ERs in a room. This application shows how PANDORA supports more transparent and consistent use of emission rate data. Our findings highlight that, despite compiling 9968 emission rate entries, expanding PANDORA with new measurements will further strengthen the accuracy and reliability of indoor air quality modeling and exposure assessments
La Influencia del Diagnóstico de Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad en la Construcción de Caso: Las Percepciones de Psicoanalistas
No full textTesis (Magíster en Psicología Clínica)--Pontificia Unersidad Católica de Chile, 2024El presente trabajo busca investigar acerca de las posibles influencias que puede tener un diagnóstico de Trastorno Límite de Personalidad (TLP) en la construcción de casos, desde la perspectiva de psicoanalistas. A partir de la literatura se ve que el diagnóstico de TLP tiene efectos particulares en tratantes y pacientes, lo cual influye en el abordaje y tratamiento. De este modo, y considerando que el psicoanálisis tiene un enfoque propio de trabajo, se pretende dilucidar cómo se da este fenómeno y qué se hace con este almomento de construir un caso. La construcción de caso es una herramienta que resulta fundamental al momento de entender, comprender, abordar e hipotetizar en torno a un caso para el posterior abordaje y tratamiento de pacientes. De ahí la relevancia de su consideración. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto, se realizó un estudio cualitativo desde la teoría fundamentada donde se analizó 8 entrevistas a psicoanalistas que hayan trabajado con pacientes que llegaran a su atención con un diagnóstico de TLP, esto a modo de recoger sus percepciones acerca de la temática.Dentro de lo investigado, se pudo ver que sí existen influencias del diagnóstico de TLP en la construcción de caso, abarcando distintas aristas que pueden resultar influyentes. Además, surgen nuevos elementos importantes a considerar para investigaciones futuras y expandir el conocimiento sobre el campo del psicoanálisis y Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad
Cultura y Trabajo. Colección de Obras Visuales
No full textTextos de Claudia Campaña y Pedro Celedón. Catálogo de la colección del patrimonio Artístico de la Asociación Chilena de Seguridad. Mural Policlínico de Talagante, págs. 124-125. Mural Policlínico de Parral, pág. 140
Sex differences in the relationship between body composition and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease progression in a murine model of metabolic syndrome
No full textArtículo para optar al Grado de (Magíster en Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025La progresión de la esteatosis hepática asociada a disfunción metabólica (MASLD) varía significativamente entre sexos, y los hombres generalmente presentan una enfermedad más avanzada. Utilizando un modelo murino knock out de óxido nítrico sintasa (eNOS KO), analizamos las diferencias específicas de sexo en la progresión de MASLD durante una intervención de dieta occidental. Se empleó la resonancia magnética (MRI) 3T para evaluar la composición corporal y la fracción de grasa hepática, revelando mayor grasa visceral, volumen hepático y proporciones de grasa hepática a muscular en los hombres. La reducción de la dimensionalidad y los análisis de agrupamiento destacaron distintos fenotipos y patrones de progresión de MASLD específicos de sexo. Las evaluaciones histológicas confirmaron un mayor daño hepático en los hombres, como lo indican los puntajes de actividad MASLD más altos. Estos hallazgos demuestran la importancia del sexo como variable biológica en la patología MASLD, enfatizando el papel de la composición corporal y la distribución de la grasa en la progresión de la enfermedad. El estudio destaca el potencial de los métodos analíticos y de imágenes avanzados para refinar los diagnósticos no invasivos e informar las intervenciones específicas según el sexo para la MASLD, contribuyendo al desarrollo de estrategias de tratamiento personalizadas.Con esta tesis se está optando al magister en Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud
Optical properties of millimeter-size metal-organic framework single crystals using THz techniques
No full textMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) crystals are promising emerging materials for terahertz (THz) photonics i.e., for THz wave generation through difference frequency or optical rectification and electrooptic detection, including optical components for THz beam steering. The present work reports optical properties of three different non-centrosymmetric single MOF crystals, grown by an innovative solvo-thermal technique with tunable morphology, termed MOF [Zn(3-ptz)2]n (MIRO-101). THz time-domain spectroscopy (TTDS) in the range of 0.25 - 1.5 THz has been used for the measurement of the transfer function, H(w) of these MOF crystals. Through this experimental function Hexp(w), optical parameters such as refractive index, nMOF(w) and absorption coefficient, aMOF(w) have been calculated for the analysis of the optical properties of this crystal. The results indicate that this MOF crystal offers opportunities for long-term exploration of properties toward the creation of novel nonlinear THz photonics materials, as a THz radiation emitter via Different Frequency Generation (DFG) or Optical Rectification (OR) and Electro-optic (EO) detection via optical sampling, including for its use in optoelectronics, and materials science
Cholecystectomy and digestive cancer in Chile: Complementary results from interrupted time series and aggregated data analyses
No full textGallbladder cancer (GBC) mortality in Chile is among the highest worldwide. In 2006, the Chilean government launched a programme guaranteeing access to gallbladder surgery (cholecystectomy) for patients aged 35-49 years. We evaluated the impact of this programme on digestive cancer mortality. After conducting an interrupted time series analysis of hospitalisation and mortality data from 2002 to 2018 publicly available from the Chilean Department of Health Statistics and Information, we calculated the change in the proportion of individuals without gallbladder since 10 years. We then estimated age, gender, region, and calendar-year standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) as a function of the change in the proportion of individuals without gallbladder. The cholecystectomy rate increased by 45 operations per 100,000 persons per year (95%CI 19-72) after the introduction of the health programme. Each 1% increase in the proportion of individuals without gallbladder since 10 years was associated with a 0.73% decrease in GBC mortality (95% CI -1.05% to -0.38%), but the negative correlation was limited to women, southern Chile and age over 60. We also found decreasing mortality rates for extrahepatic bile duct, liver, oesophageal and stomach cancer with increasing proportions of individuals without gallbladder. To conclude, 12 years after its inception, the Chilean cholecystectomy programme has markedly and heterogeneously changed cholecystectomy rates. Results based on aggregate data indicate a negative correlation between the proportion of individuals without gallbladder and mortality due to gallbladder and other digestive cancers, which requires validation using individual-level longitudinal data to reduce the potential impact of ecological bias.Taking advantage of the introduction of a Chilean health program in 2006 that guarantees access to gallbladder surgery for gallstone patients, here the authors investigated the relationship between cholecystectomy and digestive cancer mortality. Gallbladder cancer mortality decreased by 0.73% for every 1% increase in the proportion of individuals living without a gallbladder for the last 10 years, but the negative correlation was limited to women, patients in southern Chile, and individuals over 60. The increasing proportions of Chileans without a gallbladder were also associated with lower mortality rates from extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, liver, esophageal, and gastric cancer. imag