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Sex differences in work-related accidents extracted from free text in Spanish using natural language processing
No full textEvidence from the global north shows that women and men significantly differ in work accidents and occupational disease rates. However, more data is needed for countries elsewhere. Methods Using natural language processing (NLP), we extracted accident mechanisms from 350,000 admission reports from the largest occupational health provider in Chile. In addition, using the same technique, we normalize occupations written in free text, following the nomenclature from the International Labour Organization (ILO). Results We found that in 57.3% of accidents, a man is affected, while in 42.7% is a woman. The most common occupation for men is operator, while for women, it is related to cleaning duties. The most common form of accident for women is falling from the same height while for men is contact with sharp objects. In this work, we demonstrate the power of NLP in the massive analysis of work-related accidents by reporting the use of large language models with human expert annotation to evaluate mechanisms extraction. Conclusion By sharing our prompts and code, we aim to help other institutions and countries extract crucial information from free text to a controlled vocabulary of ILO. Future work includes the analysis of commuting accidents and occupational diseases
The Way to Someone’s Mind Is through Their Stomach: Vegans and Culinary Activism
No full textThis article aims to understand how vegans promote a society without animal exploitation through food. Based on material from three years of fieldwork with young vegans in Santiago, Chile, this research shows that vegans utilize commensality and social media to present food as a joyful and friendly way to convince others about the viability of following a plant-based diet, avoiding conflict and evading talking about animals’ exploitation. The interviewees mentioned that sharing their dishes with non-vegans is a form of activism. This involves presenting new flavours and preparations and disseminating know-how about vegan cuisine, including information about ingredients and recipes. The sociological literature on lifestyle movements emphasizes that their followers employ consumption to promote changes. This research goes beyond because it argues that food is a pragmatic mechanism for socializing others into performing a political idea in everyday life
Global Analysis of WELL Certification: Influence, Types of Spaces and Level Achieved
No full textThe built environment directly impacts human health and well-being, yet most green certification systems prioritize energy efficiency over occupant health. The WELL Building Standard (WELL), launched in 2014, addresses this gap by focusing on the health and comfort of building users. Despite its growing importance, limited academic research systematically examines its global implementation. This study will fill this research gap by analyzing 1559 WELL-certified projects worldwide using the WELL database. The results reveal that 50% of certifications are concentrated in China and the United States, while regions such as Africa and Latin America show minimal adoption. Most projects are office buildings (83%), with fewer in education, healthcare and residential sectors. Additionally, most certified projects have achieved Gold or Platinum levels, and there has been a notable increase in certifications since the COVID-19 pandemic. By identifying geographic and typological disparities, this research provides a global overview of WELL adoption and offers insights for practitioners and policymakers seeking to promote health-focused building practices.Sara Candiracci and Dasha MoschonasBernard Van Leer Foundatio
A History of the Development of the Soul. Immanuel Hermann Fichte’s Psychological Project
No full textThis chapter provides a brief characterization of Immanuel Hermann Fichte’s anthropological and psychological project. After a biographical sketch and an examination of the intellectual context in which Fichte develops his project, this chapter provides a depiction of Fichte’s conception of anthropology and psychology as two different but continuous moments of an empirically founded speculative philosophy of the human soul. It is shown that Fichte conceives of his psychology as a history of the development of consciousness in the thinking, feeling, and willing activities of the human soul
Conciliation of Paid/Unpaid Work: Time Use and Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile
No full textDiversos estudios han analizado la relación entre trabajo remunerado/no remunerado, brechas de género y salud mental durante la pandemia. En Chile, se ha abordado principalmente desde un enfoque cualitativo, centrado en la experiencia de cuidados de las mujeres. Asimismo, aún se sabe poco sobre cómo hombres y mujeres conciliaron trabajo y familia durante el confinamiento prolongado. Este estudio analiza dicha conciliación en la población laboralmente activa utilizando datos representativos de las Encuestas de Bienestar Social (muestreo probabilístico bietápico y estratificado) y la CASEN en Pandemia (muestreo probabilístico, estratificado, por conglomerado y multietápico), con una muestra combinada de 3.383 personas ocupadas. A través de un análisis de conglomerados sobre el uso del tiempo en trabajo remunerado y no remunerado, se identificaron cinco perfiles que fueron caracterizados a nivel individual, familiar, laboral y de bienestar psicológico, estimando diferencias de grupos mediante χ2 o análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Los resultados revelan una desigual distribución del trabajo no remunerado, con mayor carga para las mujeres, y que quienes enfrentan alta demanda en ambos tipos de trabajo tienden a arreglos laborales (empleo independiente, jornadas parciales o híbridas) y familiares (corresidencia con familia extendida), presentando a su vez menor bienestar psicológico. Estos hallazgos permiten comprender mejor la doble y triple presencia, es decir, simultaneidad de responsabilidades laborales, domésticas y de cuidado, y subrayan la necesidad de que políticas como la Ley de Conciliación de Vida Personal, Familiar y Laboral enfrenten de forma efectiva las persistentes brechas de género y su impacto en la calidad de vida
Experiencia de modelización para el aprendizaje del modelo químico de sustancia en un contexto diverso e inclusivo
No full textTesis (Magíster en Educación con Mención en Didáctica de las Ciencias.)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025Esta investigación tiene como propósito desarrollar una propuesta didáctica basada en la modelización como estrategia para favorecer el aprendizaje del modelo químico de sustancia en estudiantes de segundo medio, considerando especialmente la atención a la diversidad, incluidos aquellos con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). La investigación se llevó a cabo en un establecimiento con un proyecto educativo institucional inclusivo, mediante un ciclo de modelización implementado durante la unidad de soluciones químicas. Participaron 15 estudiantes, de los cuales 3 presentan diagnóstico TEA, quienes completaron las actividades del ciclo distribuido en cinco sesiones.Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes avanzaron desde modelos iniciales centrados en ideas biológicas o composicionales hacia modelos más sofisticados, que integran interacciones químicas. Este progreso fue favorecido por actividades hito que permitieron evaluar, revisar y aplicar sus modelos mediante representaciones variadas. Además, los estudiantes con TEA demostraron una alta participación y valoración del enfoque estructurado y multimodal del ciclo, destacando la modelización como una herramienta didáctica inclusiva.Se concluye que la modelización no solo facilita la comprensión conceptual del modelo químico de sustancia, sino que también promueve una enseñanza de las ciencias participativa e inclusiva. Se recomienda incorporar sistemáticamente esta estrategia en la práctica docente, con una planificación intencionada y explícita de los modelos a construir, para avanzar hacia una educación científica para todos
Street Conflicts: Capitalization Strategies of Violence in Santo Tomás Slum (La Pintana, Chile)
No full textThe present article seeks to integrate the sociological contributions of Bourdieusian criminology into the study of street gangs. Drawing from an ethnographic study and interviews with gang members from the Santo Tom & aacute;s slum in La Pintana (Santiago de Chile) we analyze street conflicts through the concept of "capitalization strategies of violence:" a set of practices where marginalized individuals and groups use violence to gain economic, social, and symbolic benefits. This article explores the phenomenon of violence through gang members' life history narrations, presenting empirical observations of a context of institutional abandonment and its transformative effects on the lives of people living within that social space.National Agency for Research and Developmen
Housing cooperatives in Chile: the struggle to re-emerge in a neoliberal context of growing self-management
No full textHousing cooperativism in Chile shows a discontinuous trajectory through different arrangements between the State, the market, and civil society. Since the mid twentieth century, cooperatives and self-organised housing developed alongside each other. While cooperatives for waged workers were supported by the government, a self-managed housing movement grew amongst the popular classes. The Military Dictatorship and its neoliberal reforms from 1973–1989 meant the demobilization of both groups and the fracture of the existing knowledge of self-organisation and cooperativism in housing. Despite this rupture, since the 2000s, cooperatives are re-emerging thanks to renewed links with Latin-American cooperativism and government’s support to self-management. From a historical perspective, we examine the main challenges faced by the re-emerging cooperatives amidst a persistent neoliberal policy environment. Our theoretical lens combines cooperative value-orientations with examples of agency in the new cooperatives. We conclude that the future of housing cooperativism in Chile depends on its positioning between ‘pragmatic’ and ‘reformist’ values to align with their environment
Intellectual authority and participation in group work
No full textIn group work, learning is mediated by participation: participation involves actively contributing to group decisions and activities and accepting these contributions from peers. From this starting point, we integrate the perspective of power relations, assuming that classroom interactions are not neutral and that asymmetries may mediate students’ participation in group work. Although there are studies on the distribution of intellectual authority among peers, how intellectual authority is related to participation has yet to be studied more deeply. Our study’s primary purpose is to understand how the distribution of intellectual authority relates to participation in group work. A qualitative approach research and case study was conducted. Participants are four groups of elementary and middle-school students from two large cities in Chile. Through deductive-inductive coding performed by constant comparison, three different modes of distribution of intellectual authority were found: shared, concentrated, and disputational. Opposite to concentrated authority, shared authority is related to the predominance of cohesive group work. Disputational authority is related to group fragmentation and invalidating discourses among students. In conclusion, by having autonomy in the distribution of authority in group work, students build participation structures that can give or take away the floor to the contributions of others. Implications are discussed