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Tejidos de BIEN-estar: Estrategia educomunicativa para el fortalecimiento de las relaciones comunicativas y sociales de la comunidad de Enseñanza Media del Colegio Carlos Alessandri Altamirano (Algarrobo, V Región)
No full textTesis (Magíster en Comunicación Social mención Comunicación y Educación)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2024Este plan educomunicativo, parte de la estrategia “Tejidos de BIEN-estar”, busca fomentar el sentido de pertenencia de los/las estudiantes de enseñanza media del Colegio Carlos Alessandri Altamirano de Algarrobo (en adelante CCAA) a través de la implementación de un podcast juvenil llamado “Punto Creativo” que funcionará como un espacio de encuentro comunicacional dialógico a partir de la definición de temáticas desde los propios educandos, la co-construcción de la programación anual y la generación del material digital. “Punto Creativo” se desarrollará durante todo el periodo escolar (marzo a diciembre) y será difundido a través de la plataforma Spotify, articulándose además con la asignatura de Lengua y Literatura fomentando los objetivos de aprendizaje referidos a la comunicación oral, proceso pedagógico que constará con las modalidades de autoevaluación y evaluación, relevando aspectos curriculares y cualitativos
Experimental insights into sweep-induced mechanism of erosive wear in a straight pipe section with turbulent slurry flow
No full textReliable design and operation of slurry handling systems are critical in industries such as mining. This study examines erosion due to solid particle impacts in a straight pipe section, introducing the concept of “turbulent erosive wear”. Ultrasound particle image velocimetry (UPIV) is used to observe flow at the surface of a ductile target (copper). Experiments are conducted at flow velocities of 1.97 and 2.15 m/s, with particle sizes of 500 and 700m. Sweep events are identified, and their frequency, intensity, and duration are analysed using wavelet analysis. The results show that velocity impacts of solid particles during sweeps correlate with the geometry of wear scars. Turbulent erosive wear is linked to a characteristic threshold value of impact velocity. This value provides a measurable parameter to enhance predictive modelling and material selection for pipeline design
La Galería Extendida. Sistema de interiores públicos en el barrio Huemul
No full textTesis (Magíster en Arquitectura)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025La Galería Extendida se presenta como una propuesta de intervención destinada a revitalizar los espacios interiores públicos del histórico barrio Huemul. A principios del siglo XX, el teatro Huemul, la ex Caja de Ahorros y la plaza Huemul fueron concebidos originalmente como elementos interconectados, conformaron un microcosmos de interiores que integraba cultura, educación y espacio social para la clase trabajadora. Sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo, estos espacios han perdido su cohesión funcional y simbólica, siendo percibidos hoy como fragmentos aislados e inactivos dentro del tejido urbano. Esta investigación aborda el problema de la desconexión y la desactivación de estos espacios, formulando la hipótesis de que la creación de una galería extendida —un círculo elevado que conecta en altura el teatro Huemul y la ex Caja de Ahorros— puede restaurar la interdependencia entre estos elementos patrimoniales. La intervención busca articular los flujos peatonales y reorganizar el sistema de interiores públicos, integrando los edificios históricos y la plaza en un microcosmos cohesionado a traves de un tercer interior pero afuera. Este nuevo interior-exterior redefine las relaciones entre lo público y lo colectivo, así como entre lo interior y lo exterior, fortaleciendo el valor cultural y social de estos elementos patrimoniales al adaptarlos a las necesidades contemporáneas de la comunidad. Los resultados de la investigación sugieren que esta intervención configura un hortus conclusus contemporáneo, un microcosmos que, al vincularse con otros espacios, revitaliza el sistema de interiores públicos del barrio Huemul. Además, permite integrar estos espacios históricos al tejido urbano actual, reafirmando su relevancia dentro de la ciudad contemporánea
Challenges of cancer survivorship care in Chile: a longitudinal study comparing the quality of care and quality of life for cancer survivors in a primary care network and a cancer centre in Chile
No full texthttps://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/8/e097015Objective: The rapid growth in the cancer survivor population in Chile and Latin America raises newchallenges in addressing their care needs. This study assesses the health status and compares the quality of care and quality of life in cancer survivors at a primary care network and a private cancer centre in Santiago, Chile. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Three primary care clinics and one cancer centre in Chile. Participants: All breast and colorectal cancer patients identified from a primary care retrospective cohort of 61 174 were followed from 2018 to 2023 and compared with an equivalent sample of patients from a university cancer centre identified during the same period.Outcome measures: Quality of care was assessed based on American Cancer Society standards, while quality of life was measured using the EuroQol 5 Dimensions-5 Levels survey instrument Results: A total of 420 cancer survivors participated in the study; 208 from primary care and 212 from the cancer centre. All participants received substandard care. Patients in primary care had lower educational levels and higher rates of comorbidity. They reported a lower quality of life score (72.22 vs 78.43, p<0.001), a higher prevalence of chronic pain (37.02% vs 25.6%, p=0.016) and more severe mental health symptoms (19.89% vs 10.05%, p=0.03). Differences in educational level and cancer stage at diagnosis explained the observed disparities in chronic pain and mental health disorders between the two populations. Primary care patients received more psychosocial care (OR=2.29; 95%CI: 1.55 to 3.39),cardiovascular assessment (OR=2.66; 95% CI:2.17 to 3.26) and psychosocial evaluations (OR: 9.07; 95%CI:4.75 to 17.32). Conclusion: Cancer survivors face a significant disease burden and receive substandard care in Chile. As the primary source of care for this population, primary care is challenged to better integrate with speciality care to develop an effective shared care model for cancer survivors
Analyzing the Institutional Diversity and Increasing Complexity in a Market-Oriented University System: The Case of Chile (2008–2020)
No full textThis article examines the process of massification and increasing complexity of marked-oriented university systems, using the case of Chile as an example. Starting from the idea that university systems do not maintain an unchanged direction in their development and that the governance balances between market, state, and civil society undergo transformations, this article seeks to analyze the process of increasing complexity and differentiation of the Chilean university system in the last 12 years (2008-2020). Using factorial and clustering analysis, universities were grouped into eight clusters, clearly heterogeneous in terms of their level of research outcomes, student profile, size, location, and institutional nature. This article concludes that in the last decade, the increasing heterogenization of the university market has crystallized inequalities and hierarchies among institutions although private universities often demonstrate a greater capacity for flexibility and adaptation to institutional changes within the system, this tendency does not uniformly apply to all cases
Baboons at a Crossroads: Hybridisation Events and Genomic Links of Central Mozambique\'s Baboons With Papio Neighbors
No full textObjectives: Hybridisation plays a critical role in species evolution and is widespread among primates, particularly in the genus Papio. Several baboon hybridisation zones have been identified in Africa, with Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique being notable for chacma baboons exhibiting phenotypic and genomic traits of both chacma and yellow baboons. This study builds on earlier research by leveraging new genomic data to refine our understanding of the relationships between Central Mozambique baboons and other baboon populations, focusing on chacma, yellow, and kinda baboons.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed uniparental genetic markers alongside autosomal and X chromosome variants, incorporating unpublished low‐coverage genomes from fecal samples collected in Central Mozambique. These data were compared with the broader genomic landscape of Papio baboons based on recent surveys.ResultsThe analysis of uniparental markers suggests a time to the most recent common ancestor of less than 200kya for chacma baboons in Zambia and Gorongosa, with both lineages sharing a node with yellow baboons from Tanzania less than 1 Mya. Genomic analyses indicate introgression in Central Mozambique and Zambia chacmas likely originated from populations closer to eastern rather than western Tanzanian yellow baboons.DiscussionOur findings reveal yellow baboon introgression in Central Mozambique chacmas, confirming this being a region hosting baboons with complex ancestry composition. Broader genomic surveys across Mozambique are necessary to uncover the population structure and evolutionary history of chacmas in this area, as well as the role of this region as a biodiversity crossroads for primates
Association of socio-economic environment and women’s empowerment with daily fruit and vegetable intake in Latin American cities: a multilevel study
No full textBackground In Latin America, a low proportion of the population meets the recommended fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake. The region is highly urbanized, with significant socioeconomic inequalities. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of the socio-economic environment (GDP per capita, living conditions) and women's empowerment (WE) with daily F&V intake in adults from Latin American cities, and whether these associations vary by individual education. Methods Cross-sectional study using secondary data from the SALURBAL project (Urban Health in Latin America), which compiled data from health surveys, censuses, and other surveys from cities with ≥ 100,000 inhabitants in 11 Latin American countries. The sample included 91,977 adults from 234 cities in 8 countries with self-reported F&V intake data. The outcome was daily F&V intake, defined as consuming F&V 7 days a week. City-level exposures included GDP per capita (tertiles), living conditions score (overcrowding, piped water, and education access; Z-scores), and WE score (labor force participation and early marriage; Z-scores). We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) for the association between each exposure and daily F&V intake using gender-stratified two-level Poisson models with random intercepts for cities adjusted by city and individual-level covariates. Interaction terms were included to evaluate effect-modification by individual education. Results Participants from cities in the upper GDP tertiles (T2 and T3) showed a ~ 7% higher prevalence of daily F&V intake among men (T2 PR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00–1.15; T3 PR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.99–1.14) and women (T2 PR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.13; T3 PR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.99–1.12). A one standard deviation increase in WE and living conditions scores was associated with a ~ 10% higher prevalence of daily F&V intake in men (WE PR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02–1.19; living conditions PR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.16) and women (WE PR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.17; living conditions PR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05–1.15). Individual education levels significantly modified these associations (p < 0.05), which were stronger among those with lower educational attainment. Conclusions City GDP per capita, living conditions and WE were directly associated with fruit and vegetable daily intake, particularly among individuals with lower education levels in Latin America
Arquitectura “More Than Human” para la resiliencia de la fauna: estrategias de diseño sustentable y adaptativo para promover el bienestar animal en la rehabilitación post- desastres naturales
No full textTesis (Magíster en Arquitectura Sustentable y Energía)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025Los desastres naturales, especialmente los incendios forestales representan una amenaza significativa para la biodiversidad, particularmente en regiones como Chile, donde los ecosistemas vulnerables se ven gravemente afectados. Este estudio tiene como objetivoproponer estrategias de diseño “more than human” para la creación de centros de rescate y rehabilitación en zonas de emergencia, con el fin de mitigar el impacto de estos desastres sobre la fauna silvestre y promover su bienestar. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura, el análisis de casos de estudio, y análisis de sistemas constructivos de madera, se busca desarrollar recomendaciones prácticas que integren principios de “more than human” y enfoques innovadores para mejorar la infraestructura de estos centros. La hipótesis central sostiene que el diseño inspirado en la naturaleza puede optimizar las condiciones de bienestar animal y la conservación de especies en peligro, ofreciendo soluciones sostenibles y resilientes ante los desafíos que presentan los incendios forestales
Desarrollo de un gemelo digital para una refinería electrolítica de cobre
No full textTesis (Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025La refinación electrolítica de cobre enfrenta hoy mayor variabilidad en la composición de los ánodos y crecientes exigencias de competitividad. Para apoyar la toma de decisiones, se desarrolló un gemelo digital basado en datos históricos de una refinería electrolítica de cobre en Chile. La base de datos incluye 20 variables de entrada y 6 de salida (2016-2022). Se preprocesó mediante interpolación lineal y normalización Min-Max, técnica que mostró menor error y mejor preservación de rangos que la estandarización. El flujo de modelado tiene dos niveles: Nivel 1, modelos por sección que predicen la composición del electrolito y los cortocircuitos; Nivel 2, modelos que estiman la calidad de los cátodos a partir de esas salidas. La arquitectura utilizada es un encoder–decoder con capas LSTM. Los hiperparámetros se ajustaron por optimización bayesiana y la validación cruzada mitigó el sobreajuste. Los modelos se entrenaron y validaron con tres ventanas: 2016-2018, 2016-2022 y 2020-2022. En todas, el desempeño fue similar para el electrolito (aproximadamente 5 % MAPE) y la calidad de cátodos aproximadamente 1 %), pero la predicción de cortocircuitos mejoró con los datos 2020-2022, bajando el error a menos de un 10 %. El análisis de sensibilidad confirmó que densidades de corriente más altas incrementan los cortocircuitos y disminuyen la eficiencia de corriente o que el enriquecimiento de Sb en los ánodos disminuye la solubilidad de As en el electrolito. Los modelos se integraron en una interfaz interactiva capaz de evaluar escenarios y mostrar su impacto sobre indicadores críticos. La validación externa corroboró su precisión y definió criterios de reentrenamiento. Se concluye que un gemelo digital basado en aprendizaje profundo es viable y útil para anticipar la calidad de cátodos y evaluar estrategias operativas, confirmando la hipótesis de la investigación.ANI
Trans-ancestry genome wide association study of childhood body mass index identifies novel loci and age specific effects
No full textOver the past 30 years, obesity prevalence has markedly increased globally, including among children. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 1,000 genetic loci associated with obesity-related traits in adults, the genetic architecture of childhoodobesity is less well characterized. Moreover, most childhood obesity GWASs havebeenrestrictedto severelyobese children,in relatively small sample sizes, and in primarily European-ancestry populations. To identify genetic loci associated with early-childhood body mass index (BMI), we performed GWAS of BMI Z scores in eight ancestrally diverse cohorts: ZOE 2.0 cohort, the Santiago Longitudinal Study (SLS), the Vanderbilt University BioVU biobank, the Geisinger MyCode Health Initiative biobank, Study of Latino (SOL) Youth, Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort, Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC), and Viva La Familia cohort. We subsequently performed inverse-variance-weighted fixed-effect meta-analysis of these results with previously published GWAS summary statistics of BMIZscores of children in the Early GrowthGenetics (EGG) Consortium and the Norwegian Mother andChild Cohort (MoBa), constituting a final total of 84,804 individuals. We identified 39 genome-wide significant loci associated with childhood BMI, including three putatively novel loci (EFNA5 and DTWD2, RP11-2N5.1 on chromosome 5, and LSM14A on chromosome 19). We also observed a dynamic nature of genetic loci-BMI associations across the life course, with distinct effects across childhood and adulthood, highlighting possible critical periods for early-childhood interventions. These findings strengthen calls for larger population-based studies of children across age strata and across diverse populations