Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile: Repositorio UCNot a member yet
70241 research outputs found
Sort by
Suicidal Behavior in Chilean Adolescents: A Multidimensional Analysis Focused on Psychological, Clinical, and Socio-Familial Factors
No full textSuicidal behavior is a global public health issue, particularly among adolescents, where it stands as one of the leading causes of death in this age group. In Chile, adolescent suicide rates have alarmingly increased over recent decades, with psychological, clinical, and socio-familial factors emerging as key contributors. However, existing theoretical models face limitations when applied to specific sociocultural contexts. Aim: To explain suicidal behavior in a clinical sample of Chilean adolescents, integrating psychological, clinical and socio-familial factors. Methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out in 388 adolescents (59.3% female; mean age: 15.63 years) admitted to the healthcare system in the Maule Region. Validated instruments were applied, including the BIS-11, DASS-21, DERS, ISI, GHSQ-V, and C-SSRS, to assess impulsivity, emotional regulation, anxious-depressive symptoms, and suicide risk. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify significant predictors of suicidal ideation and attempts. Model quality was assessed through ROC analysis. Results: For the suicidal ideation model, significant predictors included maternal responsiveness, depressive symptoms, family history of mental illness, prior hospitalization due to suicide attempts, and victimization through bullying and sexual abuse. In the suicidal attempt model, relevant factors were the absence of siblings, unplanned impulsivity, emotional interference, previous hospitalizations for mental health, suicidal ideation, and serious intent to attempt suicide. The models demonstrated adequate predictive performance with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 and 0.94, respectively. Conclusions: The findings highlight the multidimensional nature of adolescent suicidal behavior, revealing the interplay between individual and contextual factors. These models contribute to understanding the phenomenon and could guide targeted preventive interventions and public policies aimed at this vulnerable group. Expanding the analysis to different regions and populations is suggested to validate and enrich the results.National Agency for Research and Developmen
Point-of-Care Ultrasound stratified by the Wells Score for the diagnosis of proximal deep vein thrombosis: A Prospective Study
No full textBackground
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) affects 1 in 1000 people, with complications associated both in under and over diagnosis. Duplex ultrasound is the gold standard but its use in emergency settings is limited. Two-point Point-of-Care ultrasound protocol performed by emergency physicians can foster its diagnosis. However, 6 % of cases can be missed and its performance stratified by clinical pre-test probability is unknown.
Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of an extended compression ultrasound (ECUS) protocol performed by emergency physicians when stratified by Wells score.
Methods
We conducted a prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Adult patients (≥18 years) with suspected DVT were stratified by Wells score (low, intermediate, high risk) and underwent ECUS by trained emergency physicians or residents. Results were compared to complete duplex ultrasound (CDUS) performed by radiologists within 24 h.
Results
Among 194 patients analyzed (54 % female, mean age 61 ± 18 years), the overall prevalence of proximal DVT was 17 %. The ECUS protocol demonstrated a global sensitivity of 97 % (95 % CI: 84.2–99.9), specificity of 94.4 % (95 % CI: 89.7–97.4), positive predictive value of 78.6 % (95 % CI: 63.2–89.4), and negative predictive value of 99.3 % (95 % CI: 96.4–100). In the low-risk group, sensitivity was 100 % (95 % CI: 29.2–100) with a negative predictive value of 100 % (95 % CI: 90.7–100).
Conclusion
The combined use of Wells score stratification and ECUS can reliably exclude proximal DVT in low and intermediate-risk patients, potentially optimizing emergency department resources and facilitating timely clinical decisions. In low-risk patients, this strategy may yield results comparable to comprehensive Doppler ultrasound
Matriz urbano-natural en el Piedemonte Metropolitano: sistema multiprogramático en la Quebrada de Macul
No full textTesis (Magíster en Arquitectura del Paisaje)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025El Piedemonte de Santiago, un espacio de transición entre la ciudad y la Cordillera de los Andes, enfrenta un constante conflicto entre la urbanización y la conservación de sus ecosistemas naturales. Esta investigación se centra en las áreas adyacentes a la Quebrada de Macul, un sector vulnerable a riesgos naturales como aluviones, deslizamientos e inundaciones, debido a su geografía y al crecimiento urbano acelerado. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es desarrollar una estrategia de intervención paisajística para transformar el paisaje urbano-natural fragmentado, integrando las zonas de riesgo dentro del cono de deyección de la quebrada y replanteando los límites de urbanización hasta la cota 1000.La propuesta tiene como objetivo crear espacios multifuncionales que favorezcan la conexión entre el entorno urbano y el natural, estableciendo un nuevo borde ecológico que optimice los servicios ecosistémicos y ofrezca un espacio público accesible y sostenible. Para ello, se realiza un análisis teórico, un levantamiento de antecedentes biofísicos y un diagnóstico territorial, con el fin de identificar las áreas más vulnerables y proponer una estrategia que contemple nuevas zonas de mitigación frente a eventos naturales, la regeneración de suelos erosionados y la protección de la biodiversidad local. A través de este enfoque integral, la investigación pretende contribuir a la resiliencia de las comunidades y los ecosistemas, promoviendo la conectividad ecológica y el desarrollo sostenible de la zona. La implementación de una infraestructura verde, junto con bordes de contención y un sistema de gestión del agua, permitirá mitigar los efectos de eventos climáticos extremos y reducir la exposición a riesgos naturales, protegiendo tanto a la población como al entorno natural
Respuesta Transcriptómica de la Variedad de Poroto Palo (Raza Chile) al Estrés Térmico Moderado
No full textTesis (Magíster en Fisiología y Producción Vegetal)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume of high nutritional and agronomic value, whose yield is affected by heat conditions associated with climate change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of moderate heat stress applied at the beginning of pod filling on physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic variables in leaves and seeds of P. vulgaris Chilean race (Palo variety) grown in greenhouse conditions. Reproductive parameters, total protein content, chlorophyll, nitrogen, anthocyanins, and flavonoids were measured. In parallel, gene expression was analyzed using RNA sequencing, differential expression analysis, functional enrichment, and data visualization tools such as principal component analysis, volcano plots, and heatmaps. A 38.2% reduction in total seed weight per plant and a 16.7% decrease in average seed weight were observed, along with transient increases in protein content and changes in chlorophyll and nitrogen levels post-stress. At the transcriptomic level, differentially expressed genes associated with heat response were identified, including members of the HSP20 family and “squamosa-binding-like" transcription factors. A glycine-rich protein gene also stood out, with specific expression in leaves during the post-stress phase, suggesting a potential role in local heat response; although not yet characterized in P. vulgaris, this type of gene has been linked to cell wall remodeling and abiotic stress response in other species. These results reveal a tissue- and stage-specific response to moderate heat stress and provide a foundation for future genetic improvement efforts in local common bean varieties
Demographic and Manometric Variables Can Independently Predict Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: The AGES-D Score
No full textObjective: Conclusive diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be challenging. When reflux monitoring is inconclusive, high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) may provide additional relevant information. We aimed to identify demographic and manometric parameters associated with GERD and to propose a diagnostic score. Methods: Adult patients with GERD symptoms who underwent reflux monitoring and HRM were considered for inclusion. The gold standard for GERD diagnosis was acid exposure time (AET); patients with AET>6% and AET6%) and 224 did not have GERD (AET<4%). In the multivariate analysis, age, male sex, and the distance between the lower esophageal sphincter and the crural diaphragm (LES-CD) were directly associated with GERD, while esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ-CI) and distal contractile integral (DCI) were inversely associated with GERD (p values: 0.03, <0.01, <0.01, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). The AUC ROC of a diagnostic score based on these parameters was 0.76 and 0.82 in the generation and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusions: In this observational study, age, male sex, LES-CD distance, EGJ-CI, and DCI (AGES-D) were independently associated with GERD. A novel score incorporating these parameters could be useful in the assessment of inconclusive cases
Uso de la evidencia de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Procesos Evaluativos Contextualizados para fortalecer las prácticas docentes en evaluación en un colegio subvencionado
No full textTesis (Magíster en Educación mención Evaluación de Aprendizajes)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025El presente Trabajo Final de Egreso se desarrolló en un colegio particular subvencionado de la comuna de Puente Alto, caracterizado por su alta vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y un proceso de crecimiento progresivo. La problemática central se orientó a comprender de qué manera el equipo directivo interpreta y utiliza los resultados de una encuesta aplicada al cuerpo docente respecto de sus prácticas y creencias evaluativas. La metodología adoptada fue de enfoque cualitativo descriptivo, con análisis temático inductivo-deductivo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante dos instrumentos: la Encuesta Nacional sobre Procesos Evaluativos Contextualizados y un cuestionario elaborado específicamente para recoger las percepciones del equipo directivo.Los principales resultados muestran coincidencias en la valoración de la evaluación formativa y la importancia de fortalecer la retroalimentación y la diversificación de instrumentos. No obstante, se identificaron tensiones entre la percepción de competencia declarada por los docentes y la sistematicidad real de sus prácticas, así como diferencias en las prioridades asignadas por cada coordinadora a los desafíos evaluativos. La triangulación permitió reconocer áreas críticas que requieren apoyo, tales como la apropiación pedagógica de los datos y la planificación de acciones que fomenten su uso colaborativo.El estudio aporta elementos que pueden orientar futuras decisiones institucionales y releva la necesidad de fortalecer las capacidades del liderazgo intermedio para transformar la información evaluativa en mejoras concretas de la enseñanza
The ALeRCE LC Classifier transient sample from 5 yrs of ZTF alerts
No full textTesis (Master’s degree in Astrophysics)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025Extragalactic transients such as supernovae are some of the most powerful phenomena in the universe, and have enabled multiple studies in thefields such as star formation and stellar evolution beyond the Milky Way,nucleosynthesis and cosmology. Specifics on their progenitors are still anopen question, and host galaxies can provide important context, since theirstellar populations are linked to potential progenitors.Theadvent of unbiased wide-field surveys has provided homogeneous samples of transients, with machine learning codes helping to leverage as muchinformation as possible. In this pursuit, we assembled a sample of transients from the Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of EventsLight Curve Classifier discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility between2018 and 2023, including 22627 transients out to z∼0.5, with 7269 having spectroscopic classifications in the Transient Name Server. Transientswere associated to their host galaxies, for which we extracted photometry,collected redshifts, and fit them with spectral energy distributions to derive physical properties such as stellar mass and star formation rate. Thesefeatures, along some regarding their light curves shapes and peaks, werecompiled into a catalog for publication, one of the largest of its kind.The catalog was used to assess transient properties and transient-hostrelations from the literature. We found consistency with previous worksregarding transient luminosities and physical properties of their host galaxies, with higher statistical significance given the larger sample size. Theseresults set important precedents for the future (e.g., Rubin Observatory)
DECOLONIALITY AND THE CANNIBAL/CALIBAN METAPHOR: REIMAGINING CULTURAL TERRORS IN THOMAS HARRIS’S POETRY COLLECTION LOBO
No full text© 2025 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. All rights reserved.This article explores the intersection of decoloniality and the metaphor of the Cannibal-Caliban as a means to reimagine cultural terrors in the poetry collection “Lobo” (2018) by Chilean poet Thomas Harris. Drawing on the works of intellectuals engaged with the decolonial network, it examines the dismantling of coloniality and the proposition of an alternative epistemic framework based on interculturality. The untamed territory, symbolizing the historical struggle against Western European hegemony, is framed within the concept of civilbarbarism, reflecting the disputes of subjectivities in Latin American society. Through the Cannibal/ Caliban metaphor, this article offers a glimpse of new cultural subjectivities through a poetics that challenges and complicates Western discourses.Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo-ANIDConcrete Innovation Hub UCFONDECYTFONDECY