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Technology integration levels and related beliefs of Mathematics Teacher Educators in Chile
No full textDigital technology integration is a fundamental component of Mathematics Initial Teacher Education. Mathematics Teacher Educators (MTEs) are responsible for providing future teachers with equitable and high-quality technology experiences, given their pervasive role. Technology-related Beliefs of MTEs may influence the frequency and quality of these experiences, although we still lack enough understanding about this influence. To understand the relationship between levels of technology integration reported by Chilean MTEs and their technology-related beliefs, we distributed an online questionnaire to 450 MTEs, obtaining 85 complete responses. We analyzed the data utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). Results suggest that beliefs explain 49% of MTE’s reported levels of technology integration, where “time-consuming” and “multiple representations” beliefs show the strongest link to MTEs´ levels of technology integration. These findings confirm that beliefs are a highly determining factor for MTEs’ technology integration, are coherent with the local incipient integration of technology, and signal digital technology uses rooted in the mathematical domain. These local findings can also contribute to the broader international contex
Assessing social thinking: Development of a classroom performance assessment instrument
No full text© 2026 Consejo Mexicano de Investigacion Educativa. All rights reserved.To contribute to classroom assessment in social science, this article presents evidence of the validity of an instrument based on the Bear Assessment System to provide feedback on social thinking. The participants were 175 university students who wrote a speech about a social problem, which was scored according to a specific rubric. Recognized evidence of the instrument's validity was provided by judges' reliability and the instrument's internal consistency, in addition to the observed four dimensions in its structure in line with theoretical expectations. No relations were identified between scores and gender, and the evidence did not support the expected positive relationship with scholastic performance. The conclusions emphasize the viability of assessing social thinking as a multidimensional construct for providing feedback on learning. Ideas for improving the instrument are presented.Canadian Institutes of Health ResearchInternational Collaboration for Capitalizing on Cost-Effective and Life-Saving Commodities (i4C) through the Research Council of Norway's Global Health & Vaccination Programme (GLOBVAC Project)Canadian Institutes of Health Research (the Government of Canada
Intersecting inequalities in retirement trajectories under a privatized pension system: Gender, labor force status, and occupational prestige
No full textThis study examines the gendered and de-standardized nature of retirement trajectories in Chile, a country with a long-standing privatized pension system. Drawing on life course theory and using nationally representative panel data from the Social Protection Survey (2004–2020), we apply multichannel sequence analysis to reconstruct retirement pathways based on labor force status and occupational prestige. Our analysis identifies six representative retirement patterns for both men and women, revealing stark gender differences. Men predominantly experience gradual transitions, often through partial retirement or bridge employment, while women's trajectories are marked by abrupt labor market exits and prolonged periods of inactivity. Occupational prestige significantly shapes these patterns. Individuals in high-prestige occupations tend to follow more uniform and delayed retirement paths, whereas those in low-prestige roles exhibit greater diversity and complexity. We find that retirement trajectories in Chile are moderately de-standardized and strongly gendered, with men displaying higher within-group diversity and complexity. These findings highlight the interplay between institutional design, labor market structures, and gender norms in shaping retirement outcomes. In particular, Chile's individual capitalization model reinforces life course inequalities, limiting retirement options for those with fragmented work histories, especially women. Our results underscore the need for policy reforms that address structural disadvantages in labor force participation and pension accumulation, particularly among low-prestige and female workers. This study contributes to broader debates on the de-standardization of the life course, gendered retirement inequalities, and the implications of liberal welfare regimes in aging societies
Reinforcement of porous asphalt mixtures with recycled fibers from industrial processes
No full textTo date, most studies on asphalt mixtures reinforced with virgin fibers have shown promising results. In this regard, to make progress in this area, this work proposes the use of recycled fibres from industrial processes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of improving the mechanical performance of porous asphalt mixtures by using recycled fibers as an alternative to polymer-modified bitumen (PMB). To this end, the study has been divided into three stages, the first of which involved the mechanical evaluation of mixtures reinforced with three different recycled fibers and selecting the best one using a multi-criteria analysis. In the second stage, considering the ability to increase the useful percentage of binder, performance has been optimised by testing different percentages of bitumen. Finally, the last step focused on optimising the mixture. For this step, various mechanical tests have been carried out: particle loss, water sensitivity, drainage, stiffness and fatigue, as well as a specific fuel resistance test and ravelling resistance by means of the steel brush test. According to the results, the recycled fibers called ECOFIBER showed the best results, although they significantly improved the mechanical behaviour of conventional bitumen mixtures, they did not match the performance of polymer modified bitumen mixtures. Specifically, the use of this type of ecofibers in the experimental mixture with conventional binder not modified with polymers, improves the abrasion resistance in the brush test and particle loss due to fuel resistance, reaching a performance comparable to that of the control mixture with polymer modified binder without the addition of fibers. However, in tests such as cantabro, water sensitivity, fatigue and modulus, the experimental mixture with fibers showed an improvement over the reference mixture, but did not match the performance of the control mixture with polymer modified asphalt binder
Psychological processes underlying normative transformation and social change
No full textThere have been widespread social changes in the past decade, including changes in gender norms, increases in political polarization and populism, and noticeable shifts toward sustainability. In this Review, we analyse the psychological processes that drive social change, considering factors at the group and individual levels of analysis. We centre our analysis around the concept of social norms — socially shared views of what is common or desirable — and argue that the processes that trigger social change often begin when there is a substantive tension between norms within society. Normative tension can occur vertically between norms at the societal level and the norms that emerge at the group level, or between individuals’ normative preferences and the norms of their groups. Normative tension can also occur horizontally between the norms that different groups have regarding their values, preferences and behaviours. We explain how normative tension mobilizes individuals to engage in collective action and how conflicting social norms are contested at the group level. We also highlight individual differences that predispose people to challenge or defend existing social norms. Together, our Review highlights the complex interactions between societal, group and individual-level variables in societal transformations
“De polo a polo”: imitación y transformación en la poesía épica de América Hispánica
No full textEn su conocida obra The Cornucopian Text: Problems of Writing in the French Renaissance, Terence Cave recupera la imagen del cuerno de la abundancia para aludir a la capacidad de ciertos textos de constituir verdaderos tesoros enciclopédicos, fuentes inagotables de ideas y estilos, conocimiento y elocuencia. El término—ya empleado por autores antiguos y por humanistas como Philipp Melanchthon, para quien la obra de Plinio es una “cornucopia de paideia”– no alude meramente a un conjunto de prescripciones aplicadas a la escritura, sino que supone, según Cave, un mito privilegiado, una potencialidad infinita parangonable con el cuerno de Amaltea. Escritos a imitación de textos-cornucopias como los de Homero, Virgilio, Ovidio y otros, los poemas épicos de América hispánica participan de esa potencialidad, no en el sentido tantas veces imputado de “excesivo prurito de imitación” (en la expresión despectiva de Menéndez Pelayo sobre Arauco domado) sino por sus tramas..
Early Changes in Cardiac Macrophage Subsets in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
No full textHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex syndrome characterized by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, exercise intolerance, low-grade chronic inflammation, and comorbidities such as hypertension, obesity, and glucose intolerance. Myocardial infiltration by activated macrophages has been proposed as a mechanism linking low-grade inflammation to increased diastolic LV stiffness in HFpEF. Changes in the relative abundance of cardiac macrophage populations may precede and promote the development of HFpEF in the aged heart. This study aimed to characterize the cardiac macrophage subsets that predominate during progression from experimental preclinical to established HFpEF. To generate the model, wild-type male C57BL/6N mice were randomized to control chow or a combination of high-fat diet plus L-NAME in drinking water for 5 weeks (asymptomatic pre-HFpEF) or 15 weeks (established HFpEF). At the end of each period, we measured body weight, running distance, metabolic biomarkers, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, myocardial function and morphology, cardiac remodeling by hypertrophic markers, morphometric analyses, fibrosis, cytokines TNF-α and IL-10, cardiac macrophage phenotype profiles (CCR2+ and CCR2−), and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)activity.Significant changes in myocardial macrophage populations were observed at 5 weeks (pre-HFpEF), specifically a decrease in resident reparative CCR2−MHCII− and increase in proinflammatory CCR2+MHCII+ macrophages. These early changes were associated with higher circulating TNF-α, decreased myocardial AMPK activation, and more severe myocardial fibrosis. At 15 weeks (established HFpEF), proinflammatory CCR2+MHCII+ macrophage levels remained elevated in the myocardium; whereas the initial number of resident reparative CCR2−MHCII- levels was reduced, it subsequently returned to baseline. In this model of HFpEF induced by a high-fat diet and L-NAME, which produced obesity, glucose intolerance, and hypertension, myocardial resident reparative CCR2−MHCII− macrophages decreased and proinflammatory CCR2+MHCII+ macrophages increased during preclinical stages. These early changes in cardiac macrophage profile were associated with low-grade inflammation and myocardial remodeling and preceded the onset of HFpEF
In Defense of the History of Psychology
No full textThe main purpose is to provide a defense of the history of psychology at a global (worldwide); however, it is important to consider that this defense arises from Latin America. Given that this panorama is mostly unknown to a large part of psychologists, this article presents itself as an explicit action to foster this discipline by addressing three main issues. Firstly, present some milestones in the journey of the history of psychology at the global with an emphasis on Latin America. Secondly, present a series of critical reflections on the current relevance of this area within the field of psychology. Finally, establish a position in 10 sentences that acts as a defense of the importance of the history of psychology for the psychological discipline on various levels. While the majority of the content presented here is commonly recognized among individuals professionally immersed in historical research within the realm of psychology, it possesses a diminished level of accessibility for students and psychologists not specializing in historical matters. The aim here is not to convince those who are already convinced, but to have an impact beyond the community of specialists that, synergistically, can affect the vast field of psychology in genera
Cooperación internacional a largo plazo: casos cruciales de la diplomacia cultural chilena
No full textConjunto de datos: Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario UC 2017
No full textLa Encuesta Bicentenario UC es un proyecto de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, coordinado por el Centro de Políticas Públicas UC y en elaboración conjunta con la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales UC. El diseño muestral y trabajo de campo es responsabilidad de la Dirección de Estudios Sociales (DESUC).
Metodología. La Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo probabilístico, realizada mediante entrevistas personales (cara a cara) en distintos hogares de nuestro país. El universo del estudio está constituido por hombres y mujeres de 18 años y más, de todos los niveles socioeconómicos. El trabajo de campo fue realizado desde el 4 al 28 de julio de 2017, y el resultado fue una muestra nacional de 2.023 personas. El margen de error es de +/- 2,18% con variable máxima y un nivel de confianza de 95%. Ponderador: Para garantizar una representación exacta de la población, se aplicó un ponderador probabilístico y se ponderó por edad, sexo y comunas en base a información del Censo de 2002. Centro de Políticas Públicas UC (Chile), Instituto de Sociología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile & GfK Adimark. (2017). Antecedentes. En Metodología (p. 5). Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. https://encuestabicentenario.uc.cl/resultados/?slug=metodologia-por-ano201