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Research Brief - The Road to Balance: Two Decades of Progress in Providing Long-Term Services and Supports for Ohio's Older Population
No full textThis research brief documents two decades of progress in delivering long-term services in Ohio. In 1992, more than nine of the 10 older people in Ohio supported by Medicaid were in nursing homes. Today, the ratio is approaching 50/50.Ohio Department of Agin
Educational Expertise, Advocacy, and Media Influence
Get PDFThe efforts of many advocacy organizations to advance their preferred policies despite conflicting evidence of the effectiveness of these policies raise questions about factors that shape successful policy promotion. While many may like to think that expertise on an issue in question is an essential prerequisite for influence in public policy discussions, there is a traditional disconnect between research evidence and policymaking in many fields, including education. Moreover, the efforts of many policy advocates suggest that they see advantages in other factors besides research expertise in advancing their interpretation of evidence for use in policymaking processes. We hypothesize that some of the most influential education-focused organizations are advancing their agendas by engaging media and drawing on individuals who possess substantial media acumen, yet may not possess traditionally defined educational expertise. Thus, we hypothesize that media impact is loosely coupled with educational expertise. In fact, in analyzing various indicators of expertise and media penetration, we find a weak relationship between expertise and media impact, but find significantly elevated media penetration for individuals working at a sub-sample of organizations promoting what we term “incentivist” education reforms, in spite of their generally lower levels of expertise. We find these organizations are particularly effective in engaging new media forms by going directly to their audience. We consider the policy implications in the concluding discussion
Cold-shock injury and rapid cold-hardening in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis.
Get PDFDirect exposure to -10 C, in the absence of tissue freezing, causes high mortality
in Sarcophaga crassipalpis: this result suggests that injury is due to cold shock. However, brief acclimation at 0 C enables larvae, pupae, and pharate adults of Sarchophaga crassipalpis to survive -10 C. Chilling for as short a period as 10 minutes enabled 50% of the flies to survive a 2-hr exposure to -10 C. Enhancement of cold tolerance was linear over the first hour of chilling at 0 C. The optimal temperature range eliciting the rapid accumulation response was 6-0 C, but the effect could also be stimulated by high temperature (36 C). The rapid increase in cold tolerance correlates with concomitant increases in hemolymph osmolality and glycerol levels. This response suggests a novel role for glycerol in protecting insects against injury resulting from cold shock, although other unidentified mechanisms may be involved in this response. That both nondiapause- and diapause-programmed flies respond to short-term chilling indicates that this rapid response is not part of the diapause syndrome but probably functions in either type of fly as an adaptation to survive brief periods of low temperature
Using microrespirometers to measure oxygen consumption by insects and small invertebrates.
No full textA variety of physiological studies require the measurement of oxygen consumption. Unfortunately, the techniques for measuring respiration rate often require expensive equipment or difficult procedures that are not available or suitable for use in student laboratories. In this article I describe a sensitive, simple and inexpensive microrespirator that may be used readily by students
