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The Cell Biological Basis of Cancer
No full textThis literature review explores the current knowledge of cancer in humans on the cellular level. The review will delve into the critical points on the topic of cancer, with a focus on the biological processes and attributes that characterize cancer cells. These critical points include the generation of cancer, the effect of cancer on a cell’s function, proliferation, tumor growth and development, avenues for preventing the spread of cancer cells as well as treating cancerous conditions, and exploring the use of model organisms and systems in biomedical research to study the disease. Specifically, the review first discusses the genetic instability that characterizes cancer. Next, a discussion of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes reveals well-known mutational pathways by which cancerous conditions arise. Disruption of signaling pathways, as well as the mechanisms of angiogenesis and invasion that characterize malignancies, are also discussed. Finally, the review will look into cancer therapy and the role that biological and computational models play in elucidating cellular abnormalities that can be exploited in pharmacological treatment
Final Report on Development and Testing for Resident Satisfaction Survey
No full textThis report provides information about the reliability and validity of the Ohio Nursing Home Resident Satisfaction Survey. The report provides information about short and long-term residents, test-retest and inter-rater reliability, criterion validity information, cognitive screening of nursing home residents, sampling strategies and a plan for data analysis of the Ohio Nursing Home Family Satisfaction Survey
Effects of a Pathogen and Pesticides on Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) Metamorphosis and Survival
No full textBoth the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and pesticides have been targeted as contributors to amphibian population declines. Declines have a worldwide distribution, but are only occurring in certain areas. Frequently, chytridiomycosis due to the Bd is treated as a uniform disease; however, recent evidence suggests variation among different isolates of Bd. Both Bd and pesticide effects on amphibians have been tested extensively individually, but few studies have attempted to test the interactive effects of these variables. In a lab study, we tested the effects of six different isolates of Bd, three from areas where amphibian population decline is occurring and three from areas where it is not, and two pesticides, the insecticide carbaryl and fungicide copper sulfate, on metamorphic responses and survival in Cope’s gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis). We expected to see differing degrees of negative effects from the different types of Bd isolates. We expected to see negative effects from the carbaryl both alone and with Bd, but expected to see negative effects from copper sulfate only without Bd. Our results did not show any individual effects from Bd on metamorphic response or survival. We did find that carbaryl significantly increased mass at metamorphosis, time to metamorphosis, and time to tail absorption but did not significantly affect survival. Additionally, we found a significant interaction between pesticide and Bd on mass at metamorphosis. Our study does not indicate that environmental contaminants would make tadpoles more susceptible to Bd
The Effects of a 24-hour Exposure to Carbaryl or Atrazine on the Locomotive Performance of Juvenile Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum)
No full textAmphibian ecotoxicology research has traditionally focused on chronic aquatic exposure of early life stages. However, multiple studies have shown that the survival of juvenile salamanders, frogs, and toads has the largest impact on population growth. Studies on species within the genus Ambystoma have shown that juvenile salamanders are the most likely of any life stage to disperse to new ponds. Because chemical contaminants are widely used throughout agricultural lands in the U.S. and have been shown to have effects on the central nervous system, it is important to determine any potential role they might have on locomotive performance. Our study sought to determine whether a 24-hour exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of carbaryl (a neurotoxic insecticide) and atrazine (an herbicide) affected the locomotive performance of juvenile spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum). Exposed salamanders were tested for either speed (max-burst in a U-shaped Plexiglas track) or endurance (time spent running at a constant speed on a treadmill). We found that carbaryl and atrazine treatment did not significantly affect speed or endurance ability. However, we did find that individuals exposed to carbaryl in the speed test experienced significantly increased fatigue throughout the speed trials. In addition, we found that mass to be significantly correlated with speed ability. Overall, our study suggests that a 24-hour exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of carbaryl and atrazine does not directly significantly affect maximum burst speed or endurance ability in juvenile spotted salamanders
The Austrian Myth: Victimization and Nationalism in the Post-War Period
No full textThe words of the Moscow Declaration of 1943 allowed Austria to claim itself as a victim of Hitler, rather than a contributor to the Nazis in WWII. In the years following the war, this distinction would define the attitude of Austrians towards their role in war, despite the stark statistics of Austrian support for the Nazi cause. The victim status allowed society to develop taboos and an alternative collective memory of history. This memory was embodied in monuments and museums dedicated to the war. Additionally, a sort of social amnesia for the years between 1938 and 1945 was constructed.
More or less, this silence continued until the election of Kurt Waldheim as the President of Austria in 1986. The former UN Secretary General’s campaign for the presidency led to the discovery of his actual wartime past by members of the World Jewish Congress. Despite the discovery that Waldheim had been a member of the SA and was involved in atrocities in Greece during WWII, the Austrian people rejected the international cry to vote against the former Nazi and elected Waldheim as their president.
Jörg Haider, the governor of Carinthia and leader of the Austrian Freedom Party (the Austrian far right party), was also faced with allegations of Nazi sympathies and anti-Semitism in the 80s but continued to gain popularity, especially in the youth vote. The Freedom Party is one of the strongest far right parties in Europe and currently holds a quarter of the votes in Austria.
While the history of post-war Austria remains linked to the actions of Germany during the Second World War, the way in which the two societies dealt with the guilt of their part in the war separates the legacy of the war in Austria from that in Germany. The taboos and strict omission of conversation about Austria’s role let the people avoid any confrontation with their guilt. This was not an option in Germany. This thesis will address the manipulation of memory in developing a national myth. The author will draw a correlation between the Moscow Declaration and the popularity of the far right thought in Austria today.
Additionally, this thesis will conclude that the use of a national myth in dealing with an unfavorable role in an historical event is not unique. The author will examine the use of the omission of certain historical events in youth education as a tool for developing nationalism
Repetitive regret, depression, and anxiety: findings from a nationally representative survey
Get PDFPast research has established a connection between regret (negative emotions
connected to cognitions about how past actions might have achieved better outcomes)
and
both
depression
and
anxiety.
in the present research, the relations
between regret, repetitive thought, depression, and anxiety were examined in
a nationally representative telephone survey. although both regret and repetitive
thought were associated with general distress, only regret was associated
with anhedonic depression and anxious arousal. Further, the interaction between
regret and repetitive thought (i.e., repetitive regret) was highly predictive of general
distress
but
not
of
anhedonic
depression
nor
anxious
arousal.
these
relations
were
strikingly
consistent
across
demographic
variables
such
as
sex,
race/ethnicity,
age, education, and income