PsychArchives (ZPID Leibniz-Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation)
Not a member yet
20791 research outputs found
Sort by
Supplementary Material for: Exploring the Relationship Between Teachers’ Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy in the School Context: A Quantitative Study in Greece
No full textThis supplementary file contains additional materials related to the study “Exploring the Relationship Between Teachers’ Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy in the School Context: A Quantitative Study in Greece.” It includes statistical outputs, detailed tables, and supporting documentation that complement the main manuscript and dataset. The supplementary material is provided in long-term archivable formats (PDF/A) to ensure accessibility and reproducibility.unknownunknow
Dataset for "The Power of Technical Language: Does Jargon Use Influence the Credibility of Misinformation?"
No full textAcross two studies we examined the impact of different levels of jargon on the perceived credibility of texts containing reliable or unreliable information. Study 1 found that higher levels of jargon were associated with increased credibility ratings for unreliable texts. Study 2 showed that higher levels of jargon were also associated with lower processing fluency for both reliable and unreliable texts, and that this relationship was independent of a measure of conspiracy mentality. Additionally, the high level of jargon was associated with higher credibility ratings compared to text containing no jargon; further, participants scoring high in conspiracy mentality were more influenced by the amount of jargon when making their credibility ratings. Taken together, these findings suggest that the presence of technical terms in a passage enhances the credibility of even unreliable text, and that individuals with conspiracy mentality leanings are more susceptible to this influence of jargon.unknow
Examining Partial Overlap Costs In Declarative Working Memory
No full text[The experiment registered here is a close replication of the experiment preregistered here: https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.16186]. This study aims to investigate whether declarative working memory (WM) is affected by code occupation. Code occupation consists in worse performance when representations held in WM share some features compared to no features at all or when features fully overlap. Code occupation is consistently observed for procedural WM representations of action plans, --when when maintaining plans that overlap only partially--, and shows in so called partial overlap costs. Declarative WM does not typically exhibit similar partial overlap costs. In this experiment, we will assess whether partial feature overlap leads to performance costs in declarative WM. To this aim, participants will memorize a target and discriminate it from a lure while holding another stimulus in declarative WM. The other-stimulus representation held in WM can fully overlap, share no features or partially overlap with the currently relevant action or target. Assessing the presence of partial overlap costs in declarative WM allows to further our understanding of the processes underling the crucial ability to maintain and manipulate information in WM, while shedding light on the similarities and differences between procedural and declarative WM systems.notReviewedothe
Why carbon taxes need to be high enough: on the (limited) negative compensatory effects of minimum contribution levels on voluntary pro-environmental behavior [Author Accepted Manuscript]
No full textIn light of discussions revolving around whether carbon taxes undermine voluntary pro-environmental behavior or help raise summary contributions through forcing free-riders to contribute, the current paper investigates the effect of low vs high minimum contribution levels (MCLs) on pro-environmental behavior (PEB). We report two pre-registered, incentivized experiments (German samples, N1 = 228, N2 = 293) using the Greater Good Game, in which participants allocate an initial endowment either toward their own, or a shared group or an environment account. This paradigm allows crowding-out of PEB after the introduction of MCLs in a pro-social (non-selfish) fashion and thereby provides a viable option even to those who are dispositionally not inclined towards selfishness or free-riding. After introducing MCLs, we find that individuals do not fully negatively compensate for forced contributions to the environment account. Although voluntary contributions did decrease slightly after the introduction of either high or low MCLs, the decrease was comparable across both conditions. Consequently, a higher MCL yielded higher summary contributions. Thus, in forcing free-riders to contribute, a sufficiently large MCL is able to offset negative compensation of voluntary contributors. We conclude that the overall benefit for the environment is largest with a carbon tax high enough to surmount negative compensation.This work was supported by funding from the German Research Foundation to the second and third author (DFG, grant numbers KL 3365/1-1 and HI 1600/7-1, respectively).reviewedacceptedVersio
将多迷走神经理论融入躯体动力分析治疗
No full textCan Polyvagal theory and BA therapy integrate? Do both point to energetic connections of trauma-process and character formation? In BA, dorsal vagal nerve (DV) is the main organ for life-energy regulation and charge/discharge, Reich viewed Solar Plexus as DVs energy regulating core and saw the Orgasm Reflex as a main regulator of vagal flow, the energetic foundation in Lowens Bioenergetic Analysis, together with grounding, energetic view on character and new techniques to restore vagal flow and pulsation. Porges pointed to a ventral vagal branch (VV) oriented to a social source of safety. Vagal – brain connections are mostly bottom-up (80%). Sensing body interior – is called interoception and involves the whole vagal system. DV activates its brake function only in stress; DV tunes energetic flow and proliferation of energetic resources in normal function. DV pulsation is needed in pleasant body feelings. VV, SNS and positive emotion join a common synchronized process in rest, action and challenge. In traumatic crisis, character formation happens while the dorsal vagal system is de-vitalized and the mind is over activated. Implications for therapy are offered.La théorie polyvagale et l’analyse bioénergétique peuvent-elles être intégrées? Indiquent-ils à la fois les connexions énergétiques du processus traumatique et la formation du caractère? Dans l’Analyse Bioénergétique, le nerf vague dorsal (DV) est l’organe principal pour la régulation de l’énergie vitale et la charge/décharge, Reich considérait le plexus solaire comme le noyau régulateur de l’énergie DV et voyait le réflexe orgasmique comme un régulateur principal du flux vagal, la base énergétique dans l’Analyse Bioénergétique de Lowen, ainsi que l’ancrage, la visualisation du caractère énergétique et de nouvelles techniques pour restaurer le flux vagal et la pulsation. Porges a souligné une voie vagale ventrale (VV) orientée vers une source sociale de sécurité. Les connexions vago-cérébrales sont principalement ascendantes (80%). La perception de l’intérieur du corps est appelée entéroception et implique l’ensemble du système vagal. Le DV n’active sa fonction de freinage qu’en cas de stress; La DV ajuste le flux d’énergie et la prolifération des ressources énergétiques dans des conditions normales. La pulsation DV est nécessaire dans les sensations corporelles agréables. La VV, le SNS et les émotions positives se réunissent dans un processus commun synchronisé de repos, d’action et de défi. Dans la crise traumatique, la formation du caractère se produit alors que le système vagal dorsal est dévitalisé et que l’esprit est hyperactivé. Des implications pour la thérapie sont proposées.La Teoria Polivagale e l’Analisi Bioenergetica possono integrarsi? Studiano entrambe le connessioni energetiche del processo traumatico e della formazione del carattere? Nell’Analisi Bioenergetica, il nervo vago dorsale (DV) è l’organo principale per la regolazione dell’energia vitale e la carica/scarica. Reich considerava il plesso solare come nucleo regolatore dell’energia del DV e vedeva il riflesso dell’orgasmo come un regolatore principale del flusso vagale, Lowen prende in considerazione il fondamento energetico nell’Analisi Bioenergetica, insieme al grounding, alla visione energetica del carattere e alle nuove tecniche per ripristinare il flusso e la pulsazione vagale. Porges ha indicato un ramo vago ventrale (VV) orientato a una fonte sociale di sicurezza. Le connessioni vago-cerebrali sono per lo più bottom-up (80%). La percezione dell’interno del corpo è chiamata enterocezione e coinvolge l’intero sistema vagale. Il DV attiva la sua funzione di freno solo in caso di stress; il DV sintonizza il flusso energetico e la proliferazione delle risorse energetiche in condizioni normali. La pulsazione del DV è necessaria in sensazioni corporee piacevoli. VV, SNS ed emozioni positive si uniscono in un processo sincronizzato comune in riposo, azione e sfida. Nella crisi traumatica, la formazione del carattere avviene mentre il sistema vago dorsale è devitalizzato e la mente è iperattivata. Vengono offerte implicazioni per la terapia.Kann man die polyvagale Theorie und die bioenergetische Analyse miteinander integrieren? Sind beide auf die energetischen Bezüge des Traumaprozesses und der Herausbildung des Charakters ausgerichtet? In der bioenergetischen Analyse ist der dorsale Vagalnerv (DV) das Hauptorgan für die Regulation der Lebensenergie und der energetischen Ladung und Abfuhr. Reich betrachtete den Solarplexus als Kern der vagalen Energieregulation und sah im Orgasmusreflex den Hauptregulator des vagalen Flusses. Die energetische Ausrichtung der bioenergetischen Analyse, in Verbindungn mit dem grounding, stellt einen energetischen Blickpunkt auf den Charakter bereit sowie neue Techniken, um den vagalen Fluss und das Pulsieren wiederherzustellen. Porges hat einen ventralen vagalen Zweig (VV) als soziale Quelle von Sicherheit ausgemacht. Die vago-zerebralen Verbindungslinien laufen meist bottom-up (80%). Die Interozeption, das innere Körpergepür, bezieht das ganze Vagalsystem mit ein. Der DV aktiviert seine Bremsfunktion nur bei stress; unter normalen Bedingungen regelt er den Energiefluss und die Proliferation der energetischen Ressourcen. Für angenehme Körpergefühle ist das Pulsieren des DV notwendig. VV, SNS und positive Gefühle vereinen sich in einem verbundenen gemeinsamen Prozess, sowohl im Zustand der Ruhe als auch beim Handeln und bei Herausforderungen. In einer traumatischen Krise ist die Charakterformation aktiv, während das dorsale Vagalsystem devitalisiert und das Bewusstseine hyperaktiv ist. Schließlich werden Bezüge zur therapeutischen Praxis hergestellt.¿Es posible integrar la teoría polivagal con la terapia bioenergética? ¿Ambas teorías señalan las conexiones energéticas en los procesos de trauma y la formación del carácter? En el análisis bioenergético, el nervio vago dorsal (DV) es el órgano principal para la regulación de la energía vital y los procesos de carga/descarga. Reich identificó el plexo solar como el núcleo regulador del DV y consideró el reflejo orgásmico como un regulador esencial del flujo vagal, una base energética que Lowen incorporó en el análisis bioenergético junto con el enraizamiento, una perspectiva energética del carácter y nuevas técnicas para restaurar el flujo vagal y la pulsación. Por su parte, Porges identificó una rama ventral del nervio vago (VV) orientada hacia una fuente social de seguridad. Las conexiones entre el nervio vago y el cerebro son mayormente ascendentes (80%). La percepción del interior del cuerpo, conocida como interocepción, involucra a todo el sistema vagal. El DV activa su función de freno únicamente bajo estrés, pero en condiciones normales regula el flujo energético y la proliferación de recursos energéticos. La pulsación del DV es esencial para las sensaciones corporales placenteras. El VV, el sistema nervioso simpático (SNS) y las emociones positivas se sincronizan en procesos comunes durante el descanso, la acción y los desafíos. Durante una crisis traumática, la formación del carácter ocurre mientras el sistema vagal dorsal se desvitaliza y la mente se sobreactiva. Este análisis propone implicaciones para la terapia a partir de estas conexiones.É possível integrar a teoria Polivagal com a terapia da AB? Apontarão ambas as teorias para conexões energéticas do processo do trauma e para a formação do caráter? Na BA, o nervo Vagal Dorsal (DV) é o órgão principal para a regulação de energia vital e de carga-descarga. Reich via o Plexo Solar como o núcleo da regulação de energia do DV, e o Reflexo do Orgasmo como o principal regulador do fluxo vagal – a base energética da Análise Bioenergètica de Lowen.juntamente com o grounding.e a visão energética do caráter e novas técnicas de restauração do fluxo vagal e da pulsação. Porges postulou o ramo vagal ventral (VV) como orientado para uma fonte social de segurança. Conexões Vago-cérebro são, em sua maioria, bottom-up.(80%). A percepção do interior do corpo é chamada de Intercepção, e envolve o sistema Vagal inteiro. O DV ativa a função de freio somente em situações de estresse., O DV ativa o fluxo energético e a proliferação de recursos energéticos, na função normal. A pulsação do DV é necessária em sensações de prazer corporal. VV, SNS e emoção positiva juntam-se num processo sincronizado comum, no descanso, na ação e no desafio. Em crises traumáticas, a formação do caráter ocorre quando o Sistema Vagal Dorsal está desvitalizado e a mente, super-ativada. Mostramos, também, as implicações para a terapia.Могут ли интегрироваться поливагальная теория и БА терапия? Указывают ли обе теории на энергетические связи травматического процесса и формирования характера? В БА дорсальный блуждающий нерв (ДБ) является главным органом регуляции жизненной энергии и заряда/разряда, Райх рассматривал солнечное сплетение как ядро регуляции энергии ДБ и считал рефлекс оргазма главным регулятором вагального потока, энергетическую основу биоэнергетического анализа Лоуэна, а также заземление, энергетический взгляд на характер и новые техники для восстановления вагального потока и пульсации. Поржес указал на вентральную вагальную ветвь (ВВ), ориентированную на социальный источник безопасности. Вагально-мозговые связи в основном идут снизу вверх (80 %). Ощущение внутреннего пространства тела называется интероцепцией и вовлекает всю вагальную систему. ДБ активирует свою тормозную функцию только в состоянии стресса; в норме ДБ регулирует энергетический поток и распространение энергетических ресурсов. Пульсация ДБ необходима для приятных телесных ощущений. ДБ, ВНС и положительные эмоции объединяются в общий синхронизированный процесс в состоянии покоя, активности и вызова. При травматическом кризисе формирование характера происходит в то время, когда дорсальная вагальная система лишена энергии, а ум чрезмерно активизирован. Предлагаются способы применения в терапии.Polyvagal理论与BA疗法能否整合？两者都指向创伤过程和人格形成的能量性连接吗？在躯体动力分析中，背侧迷走神经（DV）是生命能量调节和充电/放电的主要器官，赖克将太阳神经丛视为多迷走神经的能量调节核心，并将性高潮反射视为迷走神经流的主要调节器，这是勒温的躯体动力分析的能量基础，同时又包含了扎根、人格的能量观点以及修复迷走神经流和脉动的新技术。 Porges 指出，迷走神经的腹侧分支（VV）指向了安全社交起源。迷走神经与大脑的连接大多是自下而上的（80%）。对身体内部的感知被称为 «内感知”，涉及整个迷走神经系统。迷走神经只有在压力下才会启动其刹车功能；在正常功能下，迷走神经会调节能量流和能量资源的增加。愉悦的身体感受需要D V背侧迷走神经的脉动；而在休息、行动和挑战中，VV、SNS 和积极情绪共同参与一个同步过程。在创伤危机中，当背侧迷走神经系统失去活力、头脑过度活跃时，人格的形成就发生了，这对治疗具有重要意义。peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Stimulus material for the manuscript: "Age-related changes in auditory attention switching: Investigating the role of cognitive and sensory factors in selective listening"
No full textThis study shows that older adults have more difficulty than younger adults in focusing on relevant sounds, especially when switching their focus of attention between different interlocutors. Our findings suggest that in the ageing population attentional deficit contributes more than sensory decline to listening impairments in multi-talker environments.unknow
Calm Communication and Positive Language for Managing Emotional Responses in an Autistic Child
No full textThis case study examines the impact of calm communication and positive language on managing emotional responses in a 7-year-old child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), referred to as Alex (pseudonym). Children with ASD often experience challenges in understanding, processing, and expressing emotions, which can lead to heightened sensitivity to others’ emotional cues. In this study, educators and caregivers implemented consistent calm tones, positive phrasing, and supportive verbal guidance to help Alex regulate his emotions and reduce behavioral outbursts. Over time, Alex displayed noticeable improvements in emotional stability, responsiveness to instruction, and engagement in classroom activities. The findings highlight the significance of emotionally attuned communication in fostering trust, reducing anxiety, and promoting positive behavioral outcomes for children with ASD. This approach reinforces the importance of creating supportive learning environments grounded in empathy, patience, and positive reinforcement.unknownunknow
Falschinformationen im Kontext des Klimawandels: Wie Journalist:innen und Politiker:innen effektiver reagieren können
No full textFalschinformationen im Kontext des Klimawandels können dazu führen, dass Klimaschutzmaßnahmen weniger Unterstützung erhalten oder sogar gezielt untergraben werden. Journalist:innen und Politiker:innen greifen daher häufig zu der Strategie, solche Falschinformationen direkt zu widerlegen. Forschungsergebnisse zeigen jedoch, dass diese auf den ersten Blick plausible Vorgehensweise nicht in allen Fällen wirksam ist. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen kann sie unbeabsichtigt sogar zur weiteren Verbreitung von Falschinformationen beitragen. Wir empfehlen daher, je nach Verbreitungsgrad abgestufte Strategien zu verfolgen, die den Schwerpunkt auf korrekte und vertrauenswürdige Informationen legen und möglichst präventiv wirken – idealerweise, bevor sich Falschinformationen verbreiten.peerReviewe
Situated Epistemic Beliefs Predicting Multiple Source Use Behaviours
No full textStudents frequently encounter complex tasks that demand the evaluation of multiple—at times conflicting—sources to reach an informed position. Such multiple source use (MSU) tasks may entail finding and evaluating sources, contrasting and synthesising perspectives. This requires epistemic competence, or the ability to flexibly recognise epistemic demands of specific contexts. Literature posits that MSU tasks unfold in three interrelated stages—preparation, execution, and production—and that contextual and individual factors in earlier stages affect subsequent stages. Yet, the role of epistemic beliefs in decision making and processing throughout these stages is not well documented. Such beliefs can be captured in the preparation stage while students are presented with task parameters and form a stance toward task completion.
A novel situated epistemic beliefs instrument (SEBI) captured students’ identification of epistemic demands of complex issues in terms of controversiality, relevance to self and others, likelihood of being resolved, prior knowledge, and domains relevant to addressing the issue. Next, students selected a corresponding controversial claim for the MSU project, searched for sources and logged search decisions, took notes, and produced essays. Surprisingly, quantitative and qualitative data suggested that epistemic beliefs did not predict MSU execution and production. Instead, students seemed to pursue topics for which prior knowledge, self-relevance, and controversiality were high. This suggests that students were primarily geared toward task completion rather than engaging in MSU to critically evaluate information and arguments. The role of epistemic beliefs for MSU may be curbed by task parameters and students' orientation toward task completion.unknownunknow
Self-Esteem, Spirituality, and the Tendency Toward Retaliatory Infidelity Among Women Experiencing Marital Betrayal
No full textIntroduction:
Marital infidelity often results in significant emotional distress. In some cultural contexts, including the Iranian context, this distress may be particularly pronounced among women. Exploring psychological and spiritual factors influencing their reactions is vital for developing supportive interventions.
Aim:
This study investigated the relationships between self-esteem, spirituality, and the likelihood of retaliatory infidelity in women who have experienced partner betrayal.
Methods:
A sample of 400 Iranian women who had encountered infidelity completed questionnaires assessing demographics, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a spirituality scale, and an infidelity tendency measure. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression.
Results:
The average infidelity tendency score exceeded the cut-off point. Regression analyses revealed significant negative associations between self-esteem (P = 0.001, β = -0.52) and spirituality (P = 0.001, β = -0.21) with infidelity tendency, jointly explaining 35.9% of the variance. No significant associations were found between infidelity tendency and age, education, or marriage duration (P > 0.05).
Discussion/Conclusion:
Higher levels of self-esteem and spirituality were associated with lower tendencies toward infidelity among women who had experienced marital betrayal. These findings highlight the protective role of personal and spiritual strengths, advocating their integration into therapeutic and educational support strategies.reviewedacceptedVersio