PsychArchives (ZPID Leibniz-Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation)
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Dataset for: The Effects of Clinical Meditation Programs on Stress
No full textStandardized CAMA dataset based on: Seekircher, J., Burgard, T., & Bosnjak, M. (2023). The Effects of Clinical Meditation Programs on Stress and Well-Being. An Updated Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) With Active Comparison Groups. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 231(1), 16-29.unknow
Ease of retrieval in evaluative conditioning [Author Accepted Manuscript]
No full textEvaluative conditioning (EC), the change in the liking of a conditioned stimulus due to its pairing with a positive or negative stimulus, is a key effect in attitude formation. Current theories on EC emphasize the role of memory in EC, assuming that explicit memory on the stimulus pairings strengthens the EC effect. In this paper, we extend the scope of memory’s role in EC by focusing on whether the metacognitive experience of ease during memory retrieval influences EC effects beyond the effects of the retrieved memory content. In two preregistered experiments (total N = 392), we tested for ease-of-retrieval effects in EC by letting participants recall few vs. many unconditioned stimuli before giving an evaluative judgment. Although the manipulation was successful in manipulating ease-of-retrieval, we found no evidence for ease-of-retrieval effects resulting from the experimental manipulation. However, the subjectively perceived ease of retrieval was indeed associated with stronger EC effects. Overall, these findings show no evidence that ease resulting from an instruction to recollect more/less US information contributes to EC effects but leave open whether ease-of-retrieval from other sources contributes to EC effects.This work was supported by an Early-Career Research Grant of Social Psychological Bulletin.reviewedacceptedVersio
KLARpsy-Text: Wirken Scheinbehandlungen mit Placebos bei ADHS?
No full textKLARpsy-Texte sind kurze, lai:innengerechte, allgemeinverständliche und richtlinienbasierte Zusammenfassungen psychologischer Übersichtsarbeiten. Dieser KLARpsy-Text hat den Titel “Wirken Scheinbehandlungen mit Placebos bei ADHS?”. Er wurde von Mitarbeitenden des Leibniz-Instituts für Psychologie verfasst. Der KLARpsy-Text befasst sich mit folgenden Inhalten: Viele klinische Studien testen, ob Medikamente bei bestimmten psychischen Störungen wirken. Dazu vergleicht man die Wirkung eines Medikaments damit, wie gut ein Scheinmedikament wirkt. Solche Scheinmedikamente heißen Placebos . Man weiß, dass sich die Beschwerden einer Störung häufig verbessern, wenn Betroffene in klinischen Studien Placebos bekommen. Wie stark dies bei ADHS der Fall ist, ist aber noch unklar. Zudem wirken Placebos je nach Studie unterschiedlich stark. Für die Forschung wäre es wichtig zu wissen, ob Studien, bei denen Placebos eher stark helfen, auch eine größere Wirkung der echten Medikamente finden. Mit ihrer Übersichtsarbeit wollten die Forschenden herausfinden: Wirken Placebos bei ADHS in klinischen Studien? Hängt die Wirkung von Placebos und echten Medikamenten in den Studien zusammen? In klinischen Studien helfen Placebos bei ADHS.https://klarpsy.de/hintergrundunknownunknow
The evolved system for conceptual understanding: Implications for mathematical development [Author Accepted Manuscript]
No full textThe relative importance of knowledge of discrete facts (e.g., 12 + 5 = 17) or abstract concepts (e.g., mathematical equality) is debated and contributes to the math wars; the different assumptions and approaches of mathematics educators and cognitive scientists who study mathematical learning. Stepping back and approaching the issue using the properties of the controlled semantic cognition system could move the debate forward. The system supports conceptual learning across domains, and represents concepts as common properties of related experiences or things. These properties can be generalized across exemplars, contexts, and time and can be expressed across modalities. The concepts emerge slowly through statistical learning and will be shaped by the frequency and variety of exposures to experiences and things that share common features. The properties of the system help to explain why the ways in which math problems are presented (e.g. in textbooks) lead to conceptual understandings or misunderstandings; why repeated and varied (e.g., different surface structure) solving of problems that tap the same concept are required for concept learning; and, why mathematical concepts can be expressed through gesture, language, or visually. The approach has implications for improving children’s mathematical development.P20 HD109951 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentreviewedacceptedVersio
Social support, attachment representations and academic risk taking in higher education
No full textAcademic risk taking (ART) denotes a special type of student engagement, which is characterized by uncertainty concerning the correctness of the contribution and the outcome. Although ART has been related to better learning, students often avoid taking academic risks. In this study, we ask whether the perception of social support from university teachers and fellow students is associated with students’ ART. Furthermore, associations with students’ attachment representations are examined. The sample consists of students in Germany, who are enrolled in a university or a university of applied sciences program. We conduct a cross-sectional study that is based on data collected in an online survey. ART is the dependent variable. Perceived social support and attachment representations are the independent variables.unknownothe
Stage 2 Registered Report: Impulsivity and online sports betting behavior: Untangling the causal relationship
No full textThe rapid expansion of online sports betting has raised concerns about its potential impact on individual health and public health. In order to further develop etiological models for gambling disorder (GD) in sports betting, it is essential to unravel the underlying causal processes. Recent studies have identified risky online gambling behavior as an early indicator of GD. This study focuses on impulsivity as a well-documented risk factor for GD and investigated whether increased impulsivity leads to risky online gambling behavior and subsequently contributes to GD. Impulsivity, risky gambling behavior, and GD symptoms were assessed three times at three-month intervals using a longitudinal cross-lagged panel design. We recruited a final sample of n = 427 regular sports bettors from the online gambling provider Tipico. Impulsivity and GD were assessed using a combination of online experimental tasks and questionnaires. As a measure of risky gambling behavior, Tipico provided player tracking data for allparticipants. Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models were used to test the evidence for our hypotheses. Results showed partial support for the role of impulsivity in the development of GD, particularly through facets such as impulsive choice and certain impulsive personality traits. However, the findings suggest that impulsivity does not directly predict risky betting behavior, nor does such behavior mediate the relationship between impulsivity and GD severity. These results emphasize the complexity of pathways to GD, highlighting the need to explore multifactorial models incorporating emotional, cognitive, and environmental mediators.notReviewedothe
KLARpsy-Text: Wie hängt Psychopathie mit dem Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz zusammen?
No full textKLARpsy-Texte sind kurze, lai:innengerechte, allgemeinverständliche und richtlinienbasierte Zusammenfassungen psychologischer Übersichtsarbeiten. Dieser KLARpsy-Text hat den Titel 'Wie hängt Psychopathie mit dem Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz zusammen?'. Er wurde von Mitarbeitenden des Leibniz-Instituts für Psychologie verfasst. Der KLARpsy-Text befasst sich mit folgenden Inhalten: Psychopathie ist ein Merkmal der Persönlichkeit, das sich durch fehlendes Mitgefühl und einen Mangel an Schuldgefühlen auszeichnet. Auch im Arbeitsleben können Menschen, die zu Psychopathie neigen, durch berechnendes oder rücksichtsloses Verhalten auffallen. Unklar ist bislang, wie genau Psychopathie mit dem Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz zusammenhängt. Mit ihrer Übersichtsarbeit wollten die Forschenden herausfinden: Wie hängt Psychopathie mit der Leistung, dem zusätzlichen Engagement und schädigendem Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz zusammen? Je stärker Beschäftigte zu Psychopathie neigen, desto niedriger ist ihre Arbeitsleistung und ihr zusätzliches Engagement am Arbeitsplatz. Sie zeigen auch mehr schädigendes Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz.https://klarpsy.de/hintergrundunknownunknow
Rapid review planning template: Initial decisions, involving stakeholders, and methods decisions for streamlining and acceleration
No full textRapid reviews are a type of evidence synthesis research study, which emphasizes stakeholder involvement and an accelerated timeline. They are especially advantageous for newly developing research topics or technologies to provide stakeholders with relevant, up-to-date information for decision-making support. In the scientific community, specified rapid reviews may serve as a more systematic alternative to a narrative review with a restricted focus offering context-sensitivity. Considering these benefits, the emergence of this method for educational research is likely to expand in the coming years. This planning template tool was developed to support educational researchers interested in performing a rapid review so that they could benefit from a tool informed by research literature for rapid review study planning. Three objectives guided the design of this template: (1) facilitating methodological transparency; (2) facilitating methodological flexibility for the educational context; and (3) facilitating strategic plans for stakeholder involvement. Topics and options were compiled from 46 articles on rapid review methods, processes, and recommendations to offer a tool informed by research literature. It includes guiding questions structured into three sections: (1) preliminary study planning, (2) the integration of stakeholders, and (3) various options for accelerating and/or streamlining methodological processes across all stages of the review. It is suggested to use this planning template to promote rapid review team discussions, decision making, and study protocol development.unknownunknow
Social Influence in the Academic Twitter Migration to Mastodon: A Computational Psychology Approach
No full textSocial media is an essential tool for scholarly communication, yet dissatisfaction with platforms can drive researchers to migrate elsewhere, as seen in the shift from Twitter to Mastodon in late 2022, or more recently from X to Bluesky. Migrating researchers may exert influence on their colleagues to join them, but despite the growing importance of these migrations, the underlying social dynamics within academia remain poorly understood. Analyzing data from over 250,000 researchers, we used a machine learning model informed by social impact theory to identify key drivers of the 2022 academic Mastodon migration. Our findings reveal that the strongest predictor of platform migration was the number of followed peers discussing the move, rather than individual influential strength. Additionally, researchers endorsing open science principles were approximately eleven times more likely to migrate. These findings suggest that collective efforts, tailored to group characteristics, may foster behavior change interventions in science.notReviewedothe
Experimental evidence of the prejudice and discrimination that exists towards tattooed people in some hiring processes
No full textA considerable body of research has shown having visible tattoos is linked to greater workplace-related discrimination, with some women reporting feeling dehumanized based on their tattoo status within the context of their careers. However, most of this work is qualitative in nature, and little correlational or experimental evidence has supported these links or examined specific mechanisms of prejudice that might underpin this discrimination. The present study addressed these gaps using an experimental design in which participants were told they would assist with hiring a research assistant by viewing and evaluating online video job applications. In one condition that applicant was tattooed, and in the other she was not. Results showed that participants were less likely to hire the tattooed target, and that this effect was specific to when participants were average or higher in their dehumanization of her. These findings held controlling for participant sex, own tattoo status, age, and hiring capability in their job. Together, these findings suggest that some tattooed job applicants may face implicit discrimination which is driven by dehumanization of the target.peerReviewedpublishedVersio