Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science / Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология
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ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЭКСПЕРТНОГО ЗНАНИЯ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ИСТОЧНИКА КОНЦЕПЦИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ
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ЕСТЬ ЛИ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА ЗАКОННОМУ БРАКУ?
Get PDFAccording to sociological surveys in Russia found that a pairs of cohabitants, consisting of “unregistered marriage”, occupy an intermediate position between legally married and unmarried males and females. The so-called “unregistered marriage” can not be considered equal to legitimate marriage. The average number of children ever born to unmarried couples by the end of the reproductive age of women (40–45 years old) is much less than the average number of children among married women of the same age and considerably below the level of simple reproduction of generations. At all ages cohabitants are much more likely to feel lonely than legitimate spouses. The tendency to reduce the number of legitimate married couples and increasing numbers of unmarried couples is not a transition from traditional to modern form of family. It is a destruction of the family as a social institution. По данным социологических опросов в России установлено, что пары сожителей, состоящих в “незарегистрированном браке”, занимают промежуточное положение между юридически женатыми (замужними) и неженатыми (незамужними). Так называемый “незарегистрированный брак” не может считаться равным законному браку. Среднее число рожденных детей у неженатых пар к концу репродуктивного возраста женщины (40–45 лет) намного меньше, чем среднее число детей у замужних женщин того же возраста, и значительно ниже уровня простого воспроизводства поколений. В любом возрасте сожители имеют гораздо больше шансов почувствовать себя одинокими, чем законные супруги. Тенденция уменьшения числа законных супружеских пар и увеличения числа пар сожителей, не состоящих в законном браке, — это не переход от традиционной к современной форме семьи, а разрушение семьи как социального института.
ВОПРОСЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПОЭТИЧЕСКОГО ТВОРЧЕСТВА (опыт применения семантического дифференциала в социопоэтике)
Get PDFIn sociology, literature, along with the study of the content of works of art and social characteristics of characters it is important to study the creative process. Here is an attempt to look at the poetry writing and its results through the prism of the behavioral approach on the basis of the poetry content analysis. Creation of the poem is considered as a behavioral creative process of self-actualization of creative potential, interactions of the system of requirements and social situations verbally expressed by means of language. During the framing actualized thoughts and feelings of the poet translated into poetic form. The main hypothesis is that the emotional dissonance express itself poetically. Semantic differential (SD) technique provides a clue to the text. Content analysis of poems (cycles, books) of separate poets through SD method could provide the understanding of similarities and differences of successive stages of the creating creative process of the same master, or explain the dissimilarity of poets compared to each other. The analysis of separate poems of Blok, Gumilev, Yesenin, Akhmatova ect. may demonstrate style features, the individual originality of each poets considered in terms of the dialectic opposition. The article discusses the possibilities of the SD method and the antonyms scales search in the author’s text in the study of the creative process, based on the characteristics of the poetry of classical Russian poet Alexander Blok
МИГРАЦИОННАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ В СТОЛИЧНОМ МЕГАПОЛИСЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Get PDFThe article is dedicated to one of the most pressing problems of our time — migration. Depopulation, population ageing, falling birth rate among the indigenous population creates conditions when migration becomes one of the most important sources of population growth in developed countries. Despite the fact that the problems depopulation can’t be solved only through migration, it is impossible to manage the situation without migrants, otherwise population will decline even more rapidly. The article analyzes particularities of migration in Russia, especially focusing on migration in Moscow. The main emphasis is made on the problems of interaction between migrants and the host community, or more precisely on the attitudes towards migrants among Muscovites. There is a high level of anti-immigrant and xenophobic attitudes among Moscow’s residents, which points to the necessity to overcome migrantophobia, promote tolerance, establish cultural dialogue between migrants and the indigenous population of the region. Negative consequences of xenophobia are analyzed, which pose a threat to Russian stability and security. A lot of attention is paid to such feature of contemporary migration as the increasing proportion of women among migrants — the feminization of migration, problems and prospects that follow it. In conclusions, the author relies on the existing statistical data, as well as the results of sociological research, conducted both on the national and regional levels.
ДИСКУРСЫ ПОВСЕДНЕВНОСТИ И АФФЕКТОВ В ТЕКСТЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА (на примере Волгоградской области)
Get PDFThe article discusses social space, which is the region of the text that is defined by a set of messages sent to settlements, streets, squares, monuments, buildings, and a system of signs that reflect possible interpretations of the actors, due to the peculiarities of the subjective state, language and experience. Using the methods of discursive and semiotic interpretation, we can distinguish two components of a heterogeneous, multi-code text — space of routine and space of affects. Space of routine presupposes a rational perception of space, rational response, it is a formation of traditions, attitudes, norms of conduct governing the behavior of social actors in a specific spatio-temporal locality. Changes in the perception of the usual attributes of the regional landscape can in a certain sense and individual context trigger affective reactions. The followihg factors form the space of the affects: sensual perception of space, emotional stimulation and intrapsychic representation, the sense of injury/cure, dangers/safety, negativity/ pleasure, shame/pride, or a combination of them. Dualism in the perception of space, its dialectical nature, congruence, flexibility, variability, the conflict of local and individual meanings, existing practices, patterns, mentalities and cultures, situations, the media are a condition of existence, and labeling of the regional text, updating its discursiveness and research.
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И БАЗОВЫЕ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИЕ ФУНКЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВА
Get PDFThe article examines the nature and features of political governance as an adaptation mechanism of political systems. Basic administrative functions of the state establish borders of political governance. Functions of the state such as security, distribution of public goods, the legitimate use of violence and symbolization have been analyzed. The ability to perform these functions is essential to the existence of the state. The nature of political governance changes depending on how basic administrative functions of the state implement. Political governance involves not only the implementation of administrative functions of the state, but also feedback. Representation of feedback via quality analysis determines an adequate reproduction of the political system. In this context it is also important to note the need for a special type of motivation of civil servants. The basis of political governance as a professional activity is the priority of public interests rather than business logic. The effectiveness of political governance is determined by the sustainability of the value system of power and administration to moral and ethical principles of public service. Values of representatives of power and administration may differ ideologically, but the priority of public interests and development should remain common and constant.
НЕРАВЕНСТВО В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ: ОБЗОР МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ДОКЛАДОВ
Get PDFThe article analyses two reports of the international organizations dedicated to the problem of social inequality in a global scale. It distinguishes the main issues and the main conclusions of the reports formulated by experts; it also considers the factors of social inequality and its basic forms. The article presents main features of social inequality in Russia on the basis of these reports. It analyses peculiarities of Russian inequality and the data on Russian citizens inclusion into the global elite and into the global middle class. В статье анализируются два доклада международных организаций, в которых рассматриваются проблемы социального неравенства в глобальном масштабе. В статье выделены ключевые положения докладов, приведены основные выводы, сформулированные экспертами, рассмотрены факторы социального неравенства и его основные формы. На основе указанных докладов в статье представлены основные характеристики социального неравенства в России, рассмотрена специфика неравенства и данные о включенности россиян в глобальную элиту и средний класс.