9667 research outputs found
Sort by
Spanish-speaking clients' experiences in therapy
No full textAs the Latinx population in the United States continues to grow, psychologists should deepen their understanding of how to provide multiculturally aware services to this population focusing not only on English-Spanish bilingual trainees’, supervisors’, and therapists’ experiences. This phenomenological qualitative inquiry sought to answer the question: What are Spanish-speaking Latinxs clients’ experiences in bilingual or Spanish-only therapy? Eight Latinx participants who met age, language, and therapy experience criteria were interviewed. Participants expressed appreciation for the language-specific services and recommended that services be advertised better and made more accessible for other Latinx clients. They were also grateful for the opportunity to connect relationally with their therapists who they could trust and by whom they felt heard and understood. Most participants felt more connected with Latinx-identified therapists and believed this led to more effective therapy. While participants predominantly reported positive experiences, challenges and negative experiences were also disclosed and explored. Results are integrated with current scholarship. Discussion of the implications of the results for practice, research and training are included, along with the study's strengths and limitations
The influence of therapeutic exercise on subsequent occurrence of lower extremity musculoskeletal dysfunction within one year of a low back pain diagnosis in the military health system
No full textThe primary purpose of this study was to determine the impact of receiving therapeutic exercise (TE) to manage low back pain (LBP), adjusted for demographic factors, on the time-to-occurrence of subsequent lower extremity (LE) dysfunction within 1 year of LBP diagnosis in beneficiaries of the Military Health System (MHS). The secondary purpose was to examine the impact of the number of TE sessions adjusted for associated demographic factors on the time-to-occurrence of subsequent LE dysfunction within 1 year of LBP diagnosis in the beneficiaries who received TE. In this secondary analysis, a total of 452,668 individuals diagnosed with LBP in the MHS between January 2015 and December 2019 were identified to be eligible participants who were followed for 1 year during which a hip, knee, or ankle/foot dysfunction occurred. Participants were placed into one of two groups: those receiving TE or those not receiving TE. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the utilization of TE and the number of TE sessions adjusted for demographic factors of interest on the time-to-occurrence of subsequent hip, knee, and ankle injury, respectively. Patients who received TE demonstrated a significantly decreased risk in time-to-occurrence for subsequent LE injuries that decreased further with each additional appointment, in the year following LBP diagnosis. In addition, several demographic factors significantly increased the risk of subsequent hip, knee, or ankle/foot injury including age, being on active duty, seeking care in the emergency room or urgent care, and being in the Army, whereas other factors such as being in the navy, being in the Coast Guard, or being an officer significantly reduced the risk of time-to-occurrence of LE dysfunction in the year following LBP diagnosis. In conclusion, individuals who did not receive TE for their LBP had an increased risk of subsequent LE injury or dysfunction in the year following the episode of LBP. Further, in individuals who did receive TE, the risk of subsequent LE dysfunction significantly decreased with each additional session. The results of the study can inform decisions related to treatment and return to work and sport after LBP
Evidence-based practice quality improvement critical appraisal tool
No full textBackground: Optimal quality improvement in health care is based on research and other types of evidence. Critical appraisal of evidence is a fundamental component of evidence-based practice (EBP) and is also needed to evaluate the quality of quality improvement (QI) projects.
Problem: Currently available EBP or QI critical appraisal tools can be challenging for students learning the critical appraisal process and for practicing clinicians who desire access to a standardized EBPQI approach to inform health care decision-making. The currently available tools are incomplete, too brief, or too complicated for ease of use in education and practice.
Approach: This article introduces the first combined EBP and QI (EBPQI) critical appraisal tool, which is aligned with the new EBPQI mountain model.
Conclusion: This newly developed appraisal tool may be used in appraising evidence for an EBPQI initiative and to appraise the quality of disseminated EBPQI
Effect of treatment for early gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal respiratory distress: A secondary analysis of the TOBOGM study
No full textObjective: To identify factors associated with neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) in early Gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM).
Design: Nested case–control analysis of the TOBOGM trial.
Setting: Seventeen hospitals: Australia, Sweden, Austria and India.
Population: Pregnant women, <20 weeks' gestation, singleton, GDM risk factors.
Methods: Women with GDM risk factors completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before 20 weeks: those with eGDM (WHO-2013 criteria) were randomised to immediate or deferred GDM treatment. Logistic regression compared pregnancies with/without NRD, and in pregnancies with NRD, those with/without high-dependency nursery admission for ≤24 h with those admitted for >24 h. Comparisons were adjusted for age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, ethnicity, smoking, primigravity, education and site. Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) are reported.
Main Outcome Measures: NRD definition: ≥4 h of respiratory support (supplemental oxygen or supported ventilation) postpartum. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): Supported ventilation and ≥24 h nursery stay.
Results: Ninety-nine (12.5%) of 793 infants had NRD; incidence halved (0.50, 0.31–0.79) if GDM treatment was started early. NRD was associated with Caesarean section (2.31, 1.42–3.76), large for gestational age (LGA) (1.83, 1.09–3.08) and shorter gestation (0.95, 0.93–0.97 per day longer). Among NRD infants, >24 h nursery-stay was associated with higher OGTT 1-h glucose (1.38, 1.08–1.76 per mmol/L). Fifteen (2.0%) infants had RDS.
Conclusions: Identifying and treating eGDM reduces NRD risk. NRD is more likely with Caesarean section, LGA and shorter gestation. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms behind this eGDM complication and any long-term effects
Diversity, equity and inclusion: Increasing gender equality in nursing
No full textTHE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM relies heavily
on nursing, which constitutes the largest
sector of healthcare workers globally.
Nurses spend the most time with patients
and play a crucial role in patient care.
Therefore, promoting diversity, equity,
and inclusion (DEI) within nursing is
imperative for healthcare facilities and
systems. DEI has gained considerable
attention in recent years, and understanding
its conceptual foundations is
essential. Diversity encompasses differences
such as gender, race, ethnicity,
language, age, religion, sexual orientation,
gender identity, or political perspective.
Equity emphasizes promoting
justice and fairness in resource distribution.
Inclusion ensures that diverse individuals
feel safe and welcomed in their
environments (Heinz, 2024)
Unpacking the science of reading: A collaborative exploration of research and theories
No full textThe Science of Reading (SOR) Movement has gained significant traction in recent years, significantly influencing literacy education discourse and policymaking . At its core, the SOR Movement is grounded in research investigating specific processes related to literacy acquisition . To engage in meaningful dialogue and advance understanding of the SOR Movement, it is essential to critically examine the primary source research that forms the foundation of the movement
Comparison of heat shock protein expression, cognitive performance, and self-reported pain following one hour of passive heating or walking in older adults: A preliminary analysis
No full textHeat shock proteins (HSP) are major components of the cellular chaperone network responsible for regulating protein amyloid aggregation, and may have a neuroprotective effect against certain diseases.
PURPOSE: This study aims to observe the level of HSP expression following one hour of aerobic exercise or whole-body passive heating in older adults.
METHODS: Twenty older adults (age: 68.5 + 4.23 years, BMI: 26.9 + 4.3 kg/m2, 11 female) participated in a randomized controlled trial, repeated for time. Participants completed either one hour of moderate intensity walking on a treadmill (TM; 65-75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate), one hour of seated passive heating (HEAT) in a controlled environmental heat chamber (35-40ºC, < 40% humidity), or one-hour of seated control (CON) in a neutral climate (21-24ºC). Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (CON: n=6, HEAT: n=7, TM: n=7). HSP expression was measured via blood samples with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for HSP70 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA). Blood samples were collected immediately and 24 hours following each intervention. Cognitive performance was measured after each intervention using computerized software (Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, ANAM, Vista LifeSciences, Inc.), including tasks such as reaction time, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. Pain was assessed via a self-reported pain scale questionnaire (McGill Pain Questionnaire) immediately following each intervention.
RESULTS: Detectable amounts of HSP70 were analyzed for 6 participants. There were no statistical differences for HSP70 concentration between groups immediately or 24 hours following each intervention (p > 0.05). Reaction time improved following passive heating compared to control (p=0.027), but did not change from baseline to immediately following each intervention (pre- vs. post- HEAT: 1827.6±194.9 vs 1583.0±397.2 ms; CON: 2331.0±853.1 vs 2077.3±643.1 ms; TM: 1904.4±214.5 vs 1682.3±385.1 ms; p=0.107). Measures of cognitive flexibility were higher for the HEAT group (26.6±6.9) compared to the TM group (23.6±5.0, p=0.215) or CON (19.9±6.6, p=0.11). Response inhibition was greater for HEAT compared to CON (35.2±8.6 vs 25.2±9.9, p=0.004), but TM did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). Pain was perceived greater for TM and HEAT when compared to CON (TM: 28±21, p = 0.003; HEAT: 29±10, p=0.004; CON: 10±12) with no differences pre vs post (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: One bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise or whole-body passive heating may not illicit changes in HSP70 expression or impair cognitive performance in older adults. There could be an anticipatory psychological affect resulting in different perceptions of pain for passive heating and exercise
Prefrontal cortex neuromodulation improve gait parameters in Latinx people living with HIV
No full textBackground: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (H.I.V.) infection affects motor and cognitive systems and can lead to impairments in gait and balance. The application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), particularly to the prefrontal cortex, has shown encouraging results in enhancing cognition and executive functioning in individuals with H.I.V., both in the short and long term. Despite the current research, some experts have suggested that incorporating a task that stimulates higher cognitive centers in conjunction with tDCS may enhance its effects.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of tDCS combined with a tracking task on the prefrontal cortex as a viable treatment for enhancing balance and gait in individuals living with H.I.V.
Methods: The study evaluated nine female participants, all living with H.I.V., with an average age of 58.8 ± 4.6. As part of the experiment, each participant's gait was carefully evaluated before and after tDCS treatment to measure any potential changes in their walking patterns accurately. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) was non-invasively administered to the participants' prefrontal cortex within seven days to investigate its possible effects on brain function.
Results: Upon analyzing the data, the results demonstrated significant variations between single and dual tasks in numerous aspects, such as temporospatial, turn, and balance, before transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), ultimately shedding light on the potential cognitive difficulties that may arise. Data analysis showed noticeable improvements in various aspects, such as stride length, turn duration, and balance trends, when tDCS was applied.
Conclusion: This study's findings suggest that tDCS may improve these parameters. However, it is recommended that treatments be administered over an extended time, which is longer than that observed in this study
Data sharing practices in agricultural research: Findings from a systematized review
No full textObjective: Agricultural researchers who follow data sharing best practices advance the state of research in a variety of critical areas including plant breeding, cropping systems, and climate change adaptation. Data sharing makes research more reliable and reproducible, therefore, data sharing practices of researchers are integral to advancing science. To assess how agricultural researchers adhere to these practices, we conducted a systematized review of their published output and examined different ways data were shared.
Methods: Our study focused on corn and soybean production research published from 2017 to 2022 by authors at our institutions. We searched five databases, retrieved 8,271 articles, and created a randomized sample of 1,250 papers that contained an equal number of examples from each year. Following a rigorous set of criteria, we screened each article for inclusion and recorded the characteristics of the data, funder information, and whether the researchers shared data.
Results: Of the articles that met the inclusion criteria, less than 15% shared the full dataset associated with the research. The rate of articles sharing data did not change appreciably over time and was low regardless of funding source. Methods for sharing data varied widely, both in data availability statements and in storage options.
Conclusions: These results indicate a need for improved agricultural data sharing and suggest an important role for librarians and data professionals in promoting best data practices to meet increasingly strict funder requirements
Sedentary lifestyle impacts challenging gait-motor components in Hispanic-latinos living with HIV
No full textHIV can cause numerous health-related complications, which can lead to disabilities that affect the quality of life.
Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to conduct a thorough investigation of the potential effects of a sedentary lifestyle (SDL) on the cardio-motor profile of Hispanic Latinos living with HIV.
Methods: A submaximal cardiovascular test (Ross Test) was conducted to obtain cardiomotor results. Retrospective data was collected from the cardiomotor data, which was collected from records of members enrolled at the HIV fitness center in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Results: Two hundred ninety-one participants were designated 250 in the non-SD and SD groups. The SD group displayed a comparable Cd4 count value (626.3+/-334.5) to the non-SD group (677.9+/-453.1). Both groups had comparable CD4 counts. An ANOVA comparison determined variations in the SD group, with a reduced treadmill inclination distinguished from the counterpart.
Conclusion: Motor parameters are deficient in patients with both conditions. It seems the more challenging gait motor components are the first signs of those surviving with HIV who live an SDL. We encourage healthcare providers to incorporate specific cardio-motor items alluded to in this investigation to identify the process influencing gait that further alters the quality of life of those with HIV