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Attachment to parental figures in emerging adults from Brazil, India, and Nigeria: Associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms
No full textAttachment theory suggests that experiences with parents and other caregivers are relevant for psychological functioning into adulthood, especially in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, this work has largely focused on Western countries and has often neglected relationships with paternal figures. The goal of the current study was to test four competing models of parental figure attachment (monotropy, only one attachment relates to symptoms; hierarchical, one attachment is more strongly related to symptoms; independence, both attachments are uniquely important in different ways; and integration, both attachments are uniquely important and interactive) in emerging adults from three countries with different cultures and family structures. We recruited 324 Brazilian, 309 Indian, and 319 Nigerian emerging adults using the online survey platform BeSample. Participants reported attachment to parental figures (maternal and/or paternal), anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Response surface analyses were tested in each country separately. In general, the results supported an integration model with significant interactions between parental figures. However, the direction of this interaction, as well as the presence of non-linear effects, differed by country. Our results suggest caregiver attachment remains relevant for individuals during the transition to young adulthood but with cultural variations
Strands of acceptance: The impact of societal norms and hair biases on Black LGBTQ women
No full textThis study explores the societal expectations and biases surrounding hair, particularly focusing on Black women and LGBTQ women during formal events such as weddings. Traditional beauty standards, often dictated by Eurocentric ideals, pressure Black women to alter their natural hair to conform to these norms, leading to significant psychological and social impacts. Similarly, LGBTQ women face challenges in navigating heteronormative beauty expectations. The intersection of these biases is especially pronounced for Black LGBTQ women, who must contend with compounded pressures related to both race and sexual orientation. Utilizing vignettes, this research examines whether hairstyle suggestions for Black women vary depending on whether they are marrying a man or a woman. Findings indicate a significant influence of societal norms and implicit biases on hairstyle choices, revealing the pervasive nature of colorism and hair texturism. The study advocates for more inclusive beauty standards and policies to promote acceptance and authenticity
Five consejos (tips) on how to nurture the many languages of literacy from the elementary to the college classroom
No full textThis article emphasizes the importance of embracing and mobilizing students’ linguistic practices, particularly in bilingual settings. The authors reflect on their experiences as bilingual teachers, initially correcting students’ use of regional Spanish variations and translanguaging (mixing English and Spanish). However, through advanced studies, they recognized the validity of these practices and began fostering an inclusive classroom environment that honors students’ linguistic identities across their literacies. They synthesize their pedagogical practices in five tips for Texas teachers—whether they consider themselves bilingual or not, so that they, too, can nurture the many languages of literacy
Let's Thrive: A Health and Wellness Program for Seniors
No full textFor many professions, including occupational therapy, healthy aging and maintaining the quality of life among seniors are essential. As individuals age, addressing their needs/preferences is vital to ensure well-being and overall life satisfaction. With a holistic approach, occupational therapists can empower seniors to maintain their independence, participate in meaningful activities, and engage in fulfilling relationships. The occupation of health management addresses activities related to developing, managing, and maintaining health and wellness routines. According to the literature, occupation-based interventions related to health management are effective in improving occupational performance and quality of life in older adults (Berger et al., 2018). The primary aim of this capstone project was to design and implement a comprehensive health and wellness program tailored for older adults that focused on the occupation of health management. It encompassed activities that emphasized promoting social and emotional well- being, physical activity, and symptom and condition management for health conditions commonly encountered by residents.Urban Strategies Inc- Cowan Plac
The early intervention paradox: An examination of delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnoses across racial groups and gender
No full textAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) poses diagnostic challenges due to its multifaceted nature, characterized by social, communicative, and behavioral deficits. Diagnosis relies on observational and standardized assessments, lacking definitive biomarkers. Early identification is crucial for favorable outcomes, yet disparities persist, especially among minority children and girls, revealing gaps between recommended screening and implementation. Focused on racial, ethnic, and gender disparities, this study examines biases within assessment practices. Specifically, the study investigates diagnostic practices for minority children and girls with ASD, and the utilization of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Second Edition (ADOS-2) across diverse racial and ethnic groups. By addressing these disparities and biases, the study aims to add to the literature base and give guidance to create more equitable diagnostic practices, enhancing outcomes for individuals with ASD across varied populations
Transgender and gender diverse individuals in their faith communities: The impact of religious abuse on mental health outcomes
No full textResearch regarding transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people is becoming increasingly important for psychologists, especially those who provide treatment and advocacy. In the current study, the researcher looked at the relationship between religious/spiritual abuse among TGD people and mental health utilizing the Spiritual Abuse Questionnaire (Keller, 2016) and the Scales of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995). The researcher also explored potential protective factors that may impact the expected relationship between religious/spiritual abuse and mental health utilizing the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (Daaleman & Frey, 2004) and the Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (Worthington et al., 2003). A total of 117 participants were surveyed through online data collection methods. Bivariate correlation, hierarchical regression, and ANOVA analyses were conducted to investigate the hypotheses. There was a small positive correlation between spiritual abuse and psychological well-being in the opposite direction of the researcher’s prediction. Religious commitment significantly moderated the relationship between experiences of spiritual abuse and psychological well-being, and individuals in negative policy tally states, based on the Transgender Law Center National Equality Map, reported experiencing spiritual abuse at higher rates compared to individuals in other states. These findings offer valuable insights that may help psychologists and other mental health professionals in delivering more informed, comprehensive, and affirming therapeutic treatment to TGD clients. Recognizing the nuanced relationship between religious/spiritual factors and mental health outcomes can help clinicians tailor their approaches to better support the diverse needs and coping mechanisms of TGD individuals, ultimately contributing to more effective, inclusive mental health interventions
The Caring Corner: Developing a Peer-Support/Self-Management Group for Adults with Chronic Conditions & Their Caregivers in Rural Texas
No full textRural communities often experience higher rates of chronic disease and greater barriers to healthcare access and resources than their urban counterparts. However, peer-support groups with an emphasis on chronic disease self-management skills have been shown to provide positive outcomes for adults with chronic disease and their caregivers in rural settings. This occupational therapy doctoral capstone project focused on program development and education via the creation of a peer-support group for adults with chronic diseases and their caregivers in a rural Texas county. Program content included but was not limited to the following: presentations over self-management topics such as nutrition and exercise, handouts on local and online resources related to topics such as nutrition and exercise, and disease-specific informational packets with self-management tips. All attendees provided positive feedback regarding the program’s content, and several attendees expressed that they would implement various information from the sessions into their health routines. This capstone project demonstrates the continued need for and benefit of low-cost and sustainable peer-support groups within rural communities.Goodall-Witcher Healthcar
The effects of a mHealth innovation on health literacy and asthma control in Spanish-speaking parents of children with asthma
No full textHispanic/Latino children have higher rates of asthma and worse health outcomes compared to White children. The Hispanic/Latino is the largest and fastest-growing minority in the US. This population often faces communication and health literacy issues. Spanish-speaking parents caring for children with asthma are usually frightened by their child’s chronic illness and frustrated due to their limited English communication skills and health literacy when interacting with healthcare providers. Language barriers, ineffective patient education, and low health literacy are associated with healthcare disparities and adverse health outcomes among the Hispanic/Latino population. A convenience sample of 41 Spanish-speaking Hispanic / Latino parents participated in this quasi-experimental, single-group pre-test and post-test study to investigate the effectiveness of the innovative mHealth asthma intervention in Spanish. The instruments for data collection included Demographic Data Form, The Calgary Charter Health Literacy, Parent Asthma Management Self-Efficacy, and Asthma Impairment and Risk Questionnaire. A paired sample t-test was conducted to determine the mean difference between the pre and post-test. The results indicate that health literacy knowledge, asthma management, and self-efficacy increased over time, and the asthma impairment and risk (lack of asthma control) decreased among Spanish-speaking parents. The findings were all statistically significant (p < .001) with large, standardized effect sizes (dz > .700). Results were confirmed with nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests.
The findings of this study provide evidence of the effectiveness of mHealth asthma interventions as a method to improve parental health literacy, asthma management self-efficacy, and asthma control. An implication for the health care of children diagnosed with asthma with Spanish-speaking parents is that the participants were willing to use technology (cell phones) to improve their health knowledge. Another implication is that healthcare providers can use short educational videos to improve the health outcomes of children with asthma, especially when a communication barrier exists
Usual nutrient intake and its association with CVD-related mortality in statin users
No full textThe prevalence of statin use among U.S. adults for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk is on the rise. Individuals unable to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals with lifestyle changes and medications may turn to functional foods or dietary supplements for perceived health benefits. This dissertation includes two studies. First, we investigated CVD risk factor differences between adults solely using statins and those combining statins with dietary supplements. Analysis of NHANES data (2013–2018) revealed that statin use combined with dietary supplements was associated with a lower prevalence of high total cholesterol (5.1% ± 1.4% vs. 15.6% ± 2.7%, p < 0.001), as well as lower hemoglobin A1c % (6.0% ± 0.1% vs. 6.3% ± 0.1%, p < 0.05) and higher HDL levels (50 ± 1.3 vs. 47 ± 0.8 mg/dL), p < 0.05) compared to statin use alone. Second, we explored associations between the usual intake of select nutrients and CVD-related risk factors and mortality in both statin and non-statin users who participated in the NHANES (1999–2000 to 2017–2018). Findings revealed that moderate to high-level intakes of vitamin D, niacin, and omega-3 fatty acids from all sources, including dietary supplements, had a lower risk of CVD mortality compared to those with the lowest intake levels. Specifically, higher vitamin D intakes in Quartile 3 (HR 0.52 (0.37, 0.73), p < 0.05) and Quartile 4 (HR 0.73 (0.56, 0.96), p < 0.05), when compared to Quartile 1, were associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality. Niacin intake at the highest level was also associated with a reduced CVD mortality risk [Quartile 4, HR 0.42 (0.18, 0.98), p < 0.05]. Moderate omega-3 fatty acid intake was associated with reduced CVD mortality in statin users [Quartile 3, HR 0.07 (0.01, 0.51), p < 0.05;]. These studies indicate that dietary intake of key nutrients among statin users is associated with better CVD outcomes, and mortality risk may be lower among those who consume greater amounts of vitamin D, niacin, and omega-3 fatty acids from various sources, including dietary supplements
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation plus pain neuroscience education in patients with chronic low back pain and high pain catastrophizing – a pilot randomized controlled trial
No full textThe primary purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a large double-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT), investigating the effects of combined active tDCS plus PNE (tDCS + PNE) to those of sham tDCS + PNE in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and high pain catastrophizing. The secondary purpose was to examine the effect sizes between the two interventions and the effect sizes before and after each intervention in patients with CLBP and high pain catastrophizing. Twenty participants, 10 in each group, with CLBP and high pain catastrophizing were recruited and randomly allocated into the active tDCS + PNE or sham tDCS + PNE groups. All participants received five sessions of their assigned interventions over a 2 week period. Outcomes measures were assessed at baseline and following completion of the study, including the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and Comprehensive Trailing Making Test – Second Edition (CTMT2). The study was determined to be feasible if (1) the 2-week attrition rate is less than 20%, (2) no adverse responses are reported, (3) at least 75% of patients complete follow-up assessment data, and (4) the time required by study personnel falls under 20% of the principal investigator’s (PI’s) full-time faculty workload. Effect sizes were calculated within each group and between the two groups. All participants completed the required intervention sessions and follow-up assessment. No adverse responses were reported, and 18.8% of the PI’s workload was required to complete the study. The active tDCS + PNE group demonstrated greater effect sizes in all outcome measures except the CTMT2 – Set Shifting test. The between-group effect sizes favored the active tDCS + PNE group with effect sizes ranging from 0.11–1.24. The results of this study suggest an RCT comparing the effects of active tDCS + PNE versus sham tDCS + PNE in patients with CLBP and high pain catastrophizing is feasible. In addition, active tDCS + PNE appeared to produce larger effect sizes than sham tDCS + PNE