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Pædagogik på Kanten: En rapport
Get PDFDenne rapport er en sammenfatning og beskrivelse af udvalgte danske og internationale projekter og uddannelsesforløb, som redaktørerne og forfatterne har fulgt i følgeforskningsforløb over kortere eller længere perioder siden 2016. De befinder sig alle på forskellig vis indenfor rammerne af forskningsenheden, Pædagogik på kanten, som i en 3 årig periode, 2016-2019, har beskæftiget sig med pædagogiske aktiviteter målrettet udsatte børn og unge. LB-fonden har støttet arbejdet med en bevilling på 400.000 kr i perioden. Rapporten beskriver dermed projekter og uddannelsesforløb, der alle har det til fælles, at de arbejder med unge, der af forskellige årsager er faldet fra eller ikke har kunnet indgå i de almene uddannelsestilbud, der tilbydes unge. Pædagogik ’på kanten’ er således dels et udtryk for, at det handler om unge, der bevæger sig på kanten af uddannelsessystemet og deltager fra marginale og udsatte positioner pga. faglige, sociale eller emotionelle problemer.
Samtidig henviser betegnelsen til, at de projekter og uddannelsestilbud, der undersøges, har pædagogiske, didaktiske og/eller organisatoriske fællestræk, der på forskellige måder er nytænkende og befinder sig ’på kanten’ ved at bryde med dominerende, institutionaliserede og normative forståelser af, hvad læring og uddannelse er og kan være.
Formålet med rapporten er at give et konkret indblik i forskellige danske og internationale projekter og længerevarende uddannelsesforløb, der på mangfoldig vis undersøger og beskæftiger sig med, hvordan uddannelsesmæssige betingelser kan forbedres for unge, der af forskellige grunde har svært ved at finde sig til rette i de mere formelle skole- og uddannelsestilbud
Propagation and Effects of Vibrations in Densely Populated Urban Environments
Get PDFEnvironmental vibration generated by sources such as rail lines, road traffic and construction work is a serious concern, especially in the urban environment. It leads to annoyance of the exposed population, creating uncomfortable living and working spaces. Thus, prediction and mitigation of these effects is an important research area, investigated by an increasing number of engineers and researchers. In this regard, computational models are especially useful. They enable the prediction of environmental vibration levels in the planning stages of a new project, reducing or, ideally, completely removing the need for in-situ investigations. Currently available numerical approaches are highly capable and can be used to model the complex cases encountered in the urban environment. However, the largest drawback of these approaches is the long computational times needed to obtain the solution, thus limiting their usage for real applications. The thesis aims to create environmental vibration prediction tools, with particular interest in their computational efficiency. This way, the created methodologies could be easier applicable to a wider audience.
Modelling of the vibration propagation through soil, in most cases, is the most time consuming task. Thus, the thesis mostly focuses on this part of the system. A semi-analytical soil modelling approach was chosen to model the soil, using a Thomson-Haskell transfer matrix method. The method is advantageous, due to the analytical formulation of the soil, which does not require the discretization of the full soil domain and incorporates the infinite nature of the soil. The semi-analytical method is coupled to the finite element method, where the soil is accounted for using the semi-analytical approach, while the external structures can be modelled with finite elements. This way, the computational efficiency of the semi-analytical approach is combined with the modelling freedom of the finite elements method, allowing the application of the created model for a wide range of application cases.
The thesis investigates a number of modelling cases that are commonly encountered when analysing dynamic soil–structure interaction and vibration propagation through soil. A railway bridge structure is analysed using lumped-parameter models to obtain a solution in the time domain. The work presents a novel lumped-parameter model fitting technique that is needed to obtain a numerically stable solution. Further, the semi-analytical soil model is used to analyse cases commonly encountered in the urban environment. For that purpose, various configurations of soil interacting with structure are tested, such as: rigid blocks, pile foundations, railway tracks, embedded structures, and cavities inside the soil. The proposed modelling methods are validated by comparison with other numerical methods. Very good agreement is found, demonstrating the high accuracy and the reduced computational effort of the proposed modelling approaches. A novel numerical method for predicting railway-induced vibrations is also proposed. The method utilizes the semi-analytical soil model formulated in both moving and fixed frames of reference. This way, it is possible to model the railway track and the vehicle in a moving frame of reference, while the nearby structures are formulated in a fixed frame of reference. The approach offers a flexible and numerically stable approach of modelling the full vibration propagation path, using a single-step solution procedure
The SDC International Report 2020 : Cooperating for Energy Transition
Get PDFThis volume constitutes a collection of research that brings to the fore one of the most important global challenges facing the world today: the energy transition. Addressing this challenge and achieving the sustainable development goals calls for international collaboration, and as the chapters in this report illustrate, bringing together scholars from different disciplines, backgrounds and geographies offers a holistic perspective for a sustainable transition. Moreover, the report simultaneously addresses the development, context, implementation and dissemination of energy transition solutions
Mitigating gaseous emissions following land application of manure slurry in growing crops
Get PDFThe agricultural sector contributes substantially to global pollution, as it accounts for a significant amount gaseous emission of ammonia (NH3), greenhouse gases, volatile organic ompounds (VOC), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Agriculture accounts for 75% of the global NH3 emission with the primary sources being production units for livestock, storage facilities and land application of animal manure. Regardless of continuously updated legislation and regulations, Denmark does not meet the targeted NH3 reduction agreed upon in the National Emission Ceilings Directive from the European Union.
Field application of liquid animal manure (slurry) accounts for 28% of the NH3 emissions in Denmark. For decades research has been carried out in order to mitigate these emissions. Several factors affect the emission, such as soil, slurry, and crop type and conditions, meteorological conditions, and application method and rate. Furthermore, all of the parameters interact with each other, making it difficult to isolate and quantify singular effects. Different strategies are applied in order to mitigate emissions, including manure reatment prior to application, optimal field management (crop rotation allowing direct soil injection), timing of application, and low emission application techniques. In growing cereal crops most low emission application techniques apply slurry at the surface in bands.
Although extensive research has been carried out, there is still a knowledge gap concerning the interaction effects. There is a need for a high precision measurement method that can quantify NH3 emission patterns and relatively small differences in cumulative emission in order to document the effects.
The research in this Ph.D. thesis examines the mechanisms that have an impact on NH3 emission from surface applied manure in growing crops in order to investigate which circumstances will lead to successful or unsuccessful abatement using both well known and new application techniques. For this purpose, a system of dynamic chambers and online measurements of NH3 flux with Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy was developed. A series of field experiments were conducted with this system under a large variety of conditions. The measuring system allow for NH3 flux measurements with a low variation, high time resolution, and long measuring periods. In addition, a new method for quantification of the exposed surface area (ESA) of the slurry at the soil surface over time has been developed. It is demonstrated that the method can be used to gain further knowledge aboutthe slurry-soil interaction after surface application of slurry.
The results presented show that the interaction between soil type and application technique is important when assessing the low emission application techniques in terms of their success in reducing emission. Measurements of ESA proved useful as an explanatory variable to explain why different slurry treatments mitigate the emission under certain circumstances but not under other. The ESA results also highlights the importance of gaining further knowledge about slurry infiltration into the soil after application and haracterization of increased dry matter in the air-slurry boundary layer including quantification of a possible crust formation.
Air temperature is known to have an important effect on NH3 emission. Analysis of data from 19 experiments reveals a positive response of cumulative NH3 emission to the emperature at application up to a temperature of approximately 14°C. After this, a further increase in temperature does not change the cumulative NH3 emissions. It is hypothesized that the absence of temperature effect over a certain point is caused by an increased resistance of NH3 transport due to increased dry matter at the slurry-air interface.
When combining a Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with the dynamic chambers, it is possible to measure, identify, and quantify emissions of non-methane VOC and H2S after field application of manure. The system allows for precise measurements of the emission dynamics over time and estimations of the odor activity value
At blive på sporet: Nye perspektiver og bæredygtige løsninger på uddannelsesfrafald for unge voksne
Get PDFDenne rapport er udgivet af Aarhus Universitet, Danmarks institut for Pædagogik og Uddannelse, som afslutning på forskningsprojektet At blive på sporet. Nye perspektiver og bæredygtige løsninger på uddannelsesfrafald for unge voksne i 2017-2019. Forskningsprojektet har haft fokus på de beslutningsprocesser, der fører til frafald blandt unge voksne, samt implementering og forankring af bæredygtige strategier og metoder til fastholdelse.
Rapporten beskriver forskningsprojektets teoretiske udgangspunkt, metode og resultater.
Vi ønsker med projektets resultater at give inspiration til uddannelsesinstitutioner, der udbyder uddannelse til unge voksne. Samtidig vil vi pege på forskningscirkler som et rum for kompetenceudvikling af lærere/vejledere, der arbejder med ny praksis til nedbringelse af frafald.
Forskningsprojektet er støttet af Velux Fonden med midler fra fondens HUMpraxis-program, som fokuserer på at fremme et ligeværdigt samarbejde og vidensudveksling mellem forskere og praksisaktører inden for social-, aldrings- eller miljøområdet. Bevillingen har muliggjort etablering af et treårigt samarbejde mellem forskerteamet og i alt 14 skoler, seks erhvervsskoler og otte voksenuddannelsescentre (VUC). Projektteamet retter stor tak til de skoler, som har deltaget og engageret sig i udforskning af de beslutningsprocesser, der leder til frafald
The K-12 Maker Studio: Towards Teaching and Development of Design Literacy in Educational Maker Settings
Get PDFThis dissertation presents three years of research into the introduction of maker settings into formal education for students in Denmark aged 11– 15. The dissertation is concerned with design literacy as a possible path to prepare students for a world which is and will be radically changed by digital technologies. It is based on six publications: five papers and one report. In the dissertation, I provide an overview of my research, which has explored the possibilities of developing design literacy in the context of maker settings in formal education, guided by the following question:
How can activities with maker technologies in formal educational settings contribute to the development of design literacy among adolescents?
The answer to this question derives from observational and intervention studies in schools, a professional development course for teachers, two large-scale surveys, and post-project interviews with students. In total, three intertwined and overlapping research programs produced contributions to the emerging research field of making in education. This field explores the introduction of maker technologies (such as 3D printers and programmable electronics) and maker practices known from makerspaces to informal and formal education. The research presented here, contributes to the field of making in education in four perspectives:
From a conceptual perspective, I have contributed to a turn towards design in the field of making in education by investigating design process knowledge, design judgment, and stance towards inquiry as aspects of design literacy.
From a pedagogical perspective, I have studied the K-12 maker studio as an approach to teaching as well as teachers who implement such an approach. By unfolding challenges for teachers and development of competences, I have contributed to a focus on teachers in the field.
From an assessment perspective, I have contributed knowledge on how to sustain and scale development of design literacy through K-12 maker settings by investigating tools for assessing larger-scale implementations of such maker settings in education.
From an exemplar perspective, I have contributed exemplars of K-12 maker studio activities with in a design literacy perspective, of professional development of teachers, as well as of ways to research maker settings in education through such exemplars
Stress Estimation of Offshore Structures
Get PDFOffshore structures are subjected to a harsh environment where the fluctuating waves continuously strain the structures and these forces cause the initiation and propagation of cracks in the structures. In other words, the structures accumulate fatigue damage, which eventually leads to structural failure. To avoid fatigue failure, the operational lifetime of a structure is limited to a design lifetime in which the structure is safe for operation. This design process is based on precautious stochastic assessments, norms, and industry standards that simplify the actual structure and environment in such a manner that it involves little risk of structural failure.
As many structures in the North Sea approach the end of their design lifetime, the owners are faced with a dilemma: either abandon the field or replace the structures. Another option is the lifetime extension of the existing structures. This requires a reduction of the uncertainties in the design process - such as the stress history in fatigue-critical location. Unfortunately, these locations are often inaccessible or directly harmful to the sensors due to the hostile environment of the ocean. This thesis focuses on virtual sensing to estimate the stress/strain response of offshore structures by indirect measurements. The thesis addresses the state of the art and maps some essential issues within stress/strain estimation. In this thesis, stress/strain estimation is applied to different test specimens to address certain scientific issues. Parts of the thesis relate to the calibration of the system model for virtual sensing by operational modal analysis
Hvad hæmmer hhv. fremmer skolepædagogers samarbejde om stærke faglige fællesskaber for lavt præsterende drenge i indskolingen?
Get PDFDenne rapport præsenterer over de følgende sider en undersøgelse af skolepædagogers samarbejde om stærke faglige fællesskaber for lavt præsterende drenge i indskolingen.
Undersøgelsen er gennemført af Danmarks institut for Pædagogik og Uddannelse (DPU) og University College Nordjylland (UCN). Undersøgelsen afrapporteres hermed. Den er struktureret således, at vi begynder med den teoretiske og vidensmæssige kontekst, efterfulgt af to gennemgående perspektiver (drengeproblem og professionsmøde), der skitseres i kort form. På baggrund heraf gives et ligeledes kort indblik i beskrivelse og dokumentation af skolepædagogers indsats i de deltagende skoler. Derefter følger et afsnit om dataindsamlingen. Rapportens egentlige substans fremlægges under overskriften hæmmere og fremmere, og eksempler på hæmmende hhv. fremmende faktorer vises. Afrundende fremstiller vi en række anbefalinger, som yderligere støttes af tidligere rapporter (se afsnit 8). Dog vil vi allerede løfte en flig af sløret: pædagogernes kerneopgave er at arbejde med elevernes sociale relationer og kompetencer gerne under inddragelse af alternative former at lære på og desuden arbejde med elevernes parathed til at lære. I et afsluttende perspektiv koncentreret om kompetencer peger rapporten både ind i skolepædagogernes daglige virksomhed og ud i pædagoguddannelsen.
Forskningsprojektet havde til formål at undersøge skolepædagogers professionelle bidrag til at øge lavt præsterende drenges deltagelse, læring og udvikling i indskolingen. Projektet bygger på udviklingseksperimenter, hvor skolepædagoger fokuserer målrettet på at udvikle stærke faglige fællesskaber for lavt præsterende drenge. Projektet fokuserer på to opgavefelter: (1) skolepædagogernes forberedelse sammen med læreren og (2) skolepædagogernes bidrag til et forbedret forældresamarbejde i forhold til lavt præsterende drenge. Stærke faglige fællesskaber for lavt præsterende drenge fordrer en helhedsorienteret indsats, hvor hovedtesen er, at pædagogprofessionen kan bidrage til at løse den udfordring, skolerne står med i forhold til den udsatte gruppe af lavt præsterende drenge. Stærke faglige fællesskaber bygger for det første på læring som oplevelse af social tryghed, hvorved frygten for at fejle ikke skader læringslysten. For det andet på positive tilbagemeldinger fra de sociale omgivelser med henblik på at balancere indholdet mellem elevernes kognitive, sociale og emotionelle kompetencer. En sådan fremgangsmåde kræver, at læringsindholdet præsenteres via multiple repræsentationer.
Rapporten er først og fremmest målrettet praktikere, hvilket har præget rapportens formidlingsstil. De praksisnære eksempler er tænkt som værende anvendelige i skolepædagogers arbejde
At blive på sporet: Nye perspektiver og bæredygtige løsninger på uddannelsesfrafald for unge voksne
Get PDFDenne rapport er udgivet af Aarhus Universitet, Danmarks institut for Pædagogik og Uddannelse, som afslutning på forskningsprojektet At blive på sporet. Nye perspektiver og bæredygtige løsninger på uddannelsesfrafald for unge voksne i 2017-2019. Forskningsprojektet har haft fokus på de beslutningsprocesser, der fører til frafald blandt unge voksne, samt implementering og forankring af bæredygtige strategier og metoder til fastholdelse.
Rapporten beskriver forskningsprojektets teoretiske udgangspunkt, metode og resultater.
Vi ønsker med projektets resultater at give inspiration til uddannelsesinstitutioner, der udbyder uddannelse til unge voksne. Samtidig vil vi pege på forskningscirkler som et rum for kompetenceudvikling af lærere/vejledere, der arbejder med ny praksis til nedbringelse af frafald.
Forskningsprojektet er støttet af Velux Fonden med midler fra fondens HUMpraxis-program, som fokuserer på at fremme et ligeværdigt samarbejde og vidensudveksling mellem forskere og praksisaktører inden for social-, aldrings- eller miljøområdet. Bevillingen har muliggjort etablering af et treårigt samarbejde mellem forskerteamet og i alt 14 skoler, seks erhvervsskoler og otte voksenuddannelsescentre (VUC). Projektteamet retter stor tak til de skoler, som har deltaget og engageret sig i udforskning af de beslutningsprocesser, der leder til frafald
Klimaændringers betydning for grundvandsstrømmene og forureningstruslen omkring Rønland frem mod år 2100 : – modellering af et ”worst-case” scenarie
No full textDenne rapport er udarbejdet på foranledning af en samarbejdsaftale med Region Midtjylland som opfølgning på en tidligere grundvandsmodel, som Institut for Geoscience har udarbejdet for Rønland. Formålet med projektet er, på en meget lokal skala, at belyse betydningen af ændringer i randbetingelserne for grundvandsstrømmene i et område, som pga. sin kystnære beliggenhed må forventes at være meget følsomt for fremtidige klimaændringer