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Rules of the game while playing with architecture in the cultural environment
Get PDFFrequently the built-up environment, including historical, becomes the venue of creative activity for an architect. The environment requires an architect to have the relevant conservation background, the ability to assess the value of a historical monument and its cultural context, and above all humility in his/her design work. This article presents the rules of the game applicable to the cultural environment, rules which are defined by conservation theory and the doctrine shaped by the Venice Charter
Threats to gardens and parks in the late 19th and early 20th century in Bielsko-Biała
Get PDFThe city of Bielsko-Biała is characterised by a rich architectural substance from the late 19th and early 20th century, significantly influencing its current image. In parallel with the then emerging facilities that were associated mainly with industrial development, cultivated green areas were arranged. Despite plans from the end of the 19th century to create a system based on parks, inner lawns, residential gardens and a treed promenade along the river Biała, the present look of the cultivated greenery of Bielsko-Biała is of a mosaic character. Existing and functioning facilities are at risk of many factors leading to their degradation at various grades. This dissertation focuses on the threats to the municipal parks of Bielsko from the end of the 19th century and early 20th century
A Comparison of Hydrodynamic Models of Different Hybrid, Fluidised-Bed Bioreactors
Get PDFThis is a preliminary study of hybrid fluidised-bed bioreactors considered the hydrodynamic models and their comparison. In this type of bioreactor, there are two characteristic components which determine their work mode. One part of the bioreactor works as a twophase, gas-liquid, air-lift bioreactor. The second part is a two-phase, liquid-solid, fluidisedbed bioreactor. This type of construction provides high biomass concentration and low shear forces which influence biofilm. Two different types of construction of hybrid fluidised-bed bioreactors were proposed: with external or internal draft tube. Two different mathematical models are needed to design and analyse the operation of these devices
Restoration of monuments in Spain theory and practice
Get PDFThe paper summarizes Restoration in Spain from 1840 approximately, describing the principle ideas and opinions but putting the focus on the difference between those who studies and those who works, who have the responsibility of the real solutions. “Restauro Stilístico” is practiced during a first period towards the change into “Restauro Moderno”. The relevance of using new materials and the importance given to the new technology in restoration are the main points, to finally look for methods as well as criteria
Who plays with whom? Architecture, theology and construction as aspects of the design of an Orthodox church
Get PDFThe process of designing an Orthodox church includes several conditions which significantly affect the final outcome. Only two groups of aspects mentioned in the paper, theological and construction, considerably narrowed the array of solutions. This shows that the designer is limited in his choices to a confined portfolio of solutions. This again explains why the architecture of Orthodox churches, irrespectively of their location or architect, is similar and distinctive
On the beginning of topology in Lwów
Get PDFWe provide one of the first surveys of results in the area of topology by representatives of the Lvov School of mathematics and mathematicians related to the University of Lvov. Viewed together, these results show the importance of this school in the creation of topology
Cooling methods of linear motors for a prt drive
Get PDFThis paper presents thermal calculations and tests of a linear induction motor for a model of a personal rapid transit vehicle drive. Various air and liquid cooling systems are analyzed. Laboratory test results of selected solutions are presented. The thermal equivalent circuit model of selected solutions were made. The calculation results were compared with the test results and the most effective solution was selected
Perspective as a convention of spatial objects representation
Get PDFIn this study perspective was presented as one of the conventions for recording 3D objects on a 2D plane. Being the easiest type of projection to understand (for a recipient) perspective, in its historical context, was presented from ancient times until today1. Issues of practice and theory were addressed and examples of precise compliance with the rules and their negation in the 20th century were presented. Contemporary practical applications in architecture were reviewed
The meaning of freehand drawing in an architect`s professional work
Get PDFThe article describes the importance of freehand drawing in the daily practice of an architectural design office. It presents the areas of activity in which freehand drawing is essential as well as those in which its importance has decreased. It presents the function of freehand drawing in communication with both an investor and other entities participating in the design process. The author emphasizes the individual character of every creator’s freehand drawing as well as the easiness and freedom of thoughts expression offered by this tool in daily professional work
Modern presentation of cultural heritage – a review of selected documents
Get PDFThe ratification of the ICOMOS Charter on Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage (2008) resulted in far-reaching changes in the concept of cultural heritage protection. Currently, presentation has become a social process of experiencing the past, with the participation of diverse stakeholders, and with the use of multilateral interpretative techniques. The article shows the way to shape the principles of modern presentation doctrines through a variety of doctrinal documents issued by the UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the ICOMOS, which directly influence the current principles in this area