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Old Church Slavonic Roots of the Present-Day Polish Anticausative System
Get PDFIn this paper we will present a theory on the source of prefixation differences between Polish analytic and synthetic anticausatives. Analytic anticausatives are freely prefixed with superlexical, lexical and ‘pure perfectivizer’ prefixes, while synthetic anticausatives show propensity for ‘pure perfectivizers’, if indeed they are prefixed at all. We have looked for a source of this distinction in OCS anticausative morpho-syntax. We claim that OCS analytic anticausatives are formed within the limits of the voice system of OCS as middle voice word-forms. As such, they have the same rich prefix inventory as other verbal stems that have the same roots, with some of the prefixes introducing changes in verbal lexical meaning. On the other hand, synthetic anticausatives are already at this time members of the OCS lexicon, mostly without any related verbal forms, but sharing roots with nouns and adjectives (for which prefixation is not a frequent operation in Slavic languages). The prefixes appearing with synthetic anticausatives have the function of realizing the viewpoint aspect, rather than word-formational functions. We have traced the distinction between the two classes of anticausatives from the OCS times to Present-Day Polish, quoting also some intermediate stages in the history of these verbs
The Use of Electronic Historical Dictionary Data in Corpus Design
Get PDFThe History of the 17th and 18th c. Polish Language Laboratory, Institute of Polish Language, Polish Academy of Sciences, is in the process of creating two large databases: The Electronic Dictionary of the 17th−18th c. Polish and The Electronic Corpus of the 17th and 18th c. Polish Texts (up to 1772), the latter in cooperation with the Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences. It is expected that combining these two sets of data will help to achieve the objectives established for both database projects. The present article shows the benefits that the Corpus creators can get from the data gathered in the dictionary, with special emphasis put on the use of grammatical information included in the dictionary entries to design tools for automatic text annotation in the Corpus
A World without Voiced Sonorants: Reflections on Cyran 2014 (Part 1)
Get PDFThe article discusses the theory of laryngeal phonology exposed in Cyran (2014), Laryngeal Relativism. The basic assumption of this approach is that sonorants and vowels never bear phonological specifications for voicing: their voicing is only ever phonetic in nature. Therefore phonetic interpretation, i.e. spell-out of the output of phonology into phonetic categories, is central: this is where phonetic voicing leaks into neighbouring segments. In the first part of the article, the generative power of Laryngeal Relativism is evaluated, and its workings are compared with previous analyses. The impact of substance-free primes is also discussed
„O Żydzie na strychu i tożsamości mieszańca”. Rozmowa z Joanną Bator i Esther Kinsky
No full text„O Żydzie na strychu i tożsamości mieszańca”. Rozmowa z Joanną Bator i Esther Kinsk
Aramejskie przekłady Tory jako świadectwo interpretacji tekstu biblijnego w tradycji żydowskiej
Get PDFThe Targums are early Jewish translations of books of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic. According to the definition, but also in practice, Aramaic translations operate at two levels: translation of the Hebrew text and its interpretation. The Pentateuch is at the centre of Jewish life, therefore more than one Aramaic versions of the Torah have been created: Targum Onqelos, Palestinian Targum (Targum Neofiti, fragments from Cairo Geniza, Fragment Targums, and Targum Pseudo-Jonathan). The character of these versions depends on the date, place and dialect of at the original targumic tradition. The targumists read the Torah as the Scripture transmitted to them and their contemporaries. Their reflection on the text led to the contribution of new elements to it. The material was added to the Aramaic translations of the biblical text not for linguistic reasons, but because of current theological exegesis, formed inside Jewish religious communities. The Aramaic translators used a variety of methods and techniques of translation. Significantly, they resorted to contemporarization of the Sacred texts, which occurred at three levels: historical, cultural, and religious. The targumists tried not only to convey the text of the Pentateuch, which included the law of Moses, but also to solve problems associated with the interpretation of the meaning of the Torah. Thus the Targums can be seen as an attempt to adapt the Scripture to the official Jewish law (halakah). With regard to the liturgical context, the Aramaic translations became midrashic and exgegetical commentaries. The targumists aimed at reconciling the ancient text books of the Hebrew Bible with its later theological vision. This phenomenon is defined as the targumization or ideologization of the Biblical Hebrew text. The aim of this article is to describe the characteristics of targumic literature and present selected examples of different Aramaic “actualizations” of the Torah
The mediatization of life – an attempt to capture the phenomenon
Get PDFThe mediatization of the human life space is a consequence of both: the progress of media technologies and mass scale and pluralism of the media. This analysis is an attempt to show some aspects of mediatization processes of life, which I understand as a multi-faceted phenomenon in social communication using technical tools of symbolic forms of communication. These analyzes are probing scientific poll of this phenomenon based on both: empirical knowledge about the processes of technological change in the media, as well as based on the media theory and on the philosophical concepts of contemporary media space
Work-related factors and age as determinants of three burnout dimensions among Polish hospital nurses
Get PDFThe aim of the current study was to investigate which of the examined work-related factors was regarded as the most demanded and stimulating in nurses’ job, and which of the age--related factors were the predictors of the three burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (rPA). This study was structured as a cross-sectional project, and the data were gathered using ananonymous questionnaires in 4 hospitals in Poland. The sample consisted of 237 nurses. According to the nurses studied, the most strained factors in their job were low salaries and current bad situation of the Polish health service, and the most stimulating– working in the pleasant atmosphere and patients’ satisfaction. The highest score of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment were characteristic of nurses above 40 years of age. Burnout syndrome was predicted by socio-organization environment requirements (EE, DP), sensory and mental task requirements (EE), organizational conditions (EE, rPA), job control (DP), social/communication condition (DP, rPA), and age (EE)
Poza centrum: nauki w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej i ich historie Rozmowę z Profesorem Michaelem Gordinem przeprowadził Jan Surman
Get PDFWhat is special about sciences in Central and Eastern Europe? What are the obstacles for writing histories of science production beyond metropoles? Is this science different then science in the centers and what makes it such? How imperial are sciences made by representatives of the dominant nations and of non-dominant nations? These are some of the questions touched upon in the interview of Michael Gordin, leading historian of science from Princeton University.Co wyróżnia nauki w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej? Z jakimi problemami konfrontują się historycy nauki piszący o tym regionie? Czy nauka ta różni się od nauki uprawianej w centrach i w jakim zakresie? Jak bardzo imperialna jest nauka reprezentantów nacji dominujących i niedominujących? To tylko niektóre tematy poruszone w rozmowie z Michaelem Gordinem z Princeton University, jednym z wiodących historyków nauki
Fizyka na Uniwersytecie Lwowskim od XVII wieku do II wojny światowej: dodatki do bibliografii
Get PDFPreviously, an attempt was made to compile in a series of papers a complete bibliography of works related to physics at the University of Lviv. The period since the foundation of the University in 1661 until the division of the Chair of Physics in 1872 was discussed by Rovenchak (2014). Special attention was paid to the development of theoretical physics, starting from the first professor, Oskar Fabian (Rovenchak 2009), followed by the famous physicist Marian Smoluchowski (Rovenchak 2012), and finally the Interbellum (Rovenchak 2013). The history of astronomy at the University of Lviv, albeit without a special bibliographic section, is presented by Novosyadlyj (2011) and Apunevych et al. (2011). The development of the experimental physics since 1872 still awaits a detailed study.The present paper will provide some additions to this bibliography: firstly with the descriptions of several missing early works from the 17th and 18th century and then, with a presentation of the activity of Wojciech Urbański. It is followed by a couple of works by Oskar Fabian and Marian Smoluchowski. Finally, minor complements to the bibliographic lists from the 1930s will be made, including popular newspaper articles. We strive to present the bibliographic description as completely as possible, in particular by avoiding abbreviations in names and titles, so that readers can extract any information of their interest.All items were examined de visu except for those marked with an asterisk (*) after the number.W serii artykułów, jakie ukazały się już kilka lat temu, próbowano sporządzić kompletną bibliografię prac dotyczących fizyki na Uniwersytecie Lwowskim, od jego założenia w 1661 roku do podziału Katedry Fizyki w 1872 roku (Rovenchak 2014). Ponadto szczególną uwagę zwrócono na rozwój fizyki teoretycznej, poczynając od pierwszego profesora, Oskara Fabiana (Rovenchak 2009), poprzez dorobek słynnego fizyka Mariana Smoluchowskiego (Rovenchak 2012) i kończąc badania na okresie międzywojennym (Rovenchak 2013). Opisano również historię astronomii na tej uczelni (Novosedly 2011; Apunevych et al. 2011), jednak bez podania spisu literatury.W niniejszym artykule omówiono więc niektóre uzupełnienia bibliografii. Przede wszystkim opisano kilka brakujących poprzednio dzieł pochodzących z XVII i XVIII wieku. Wśród nich na szczególną uwagę zasługuje rękopis pt. Physica sive scientia naturalis z 1668 roku, ktory pojawił się zaledwie siedem lat po założeniu Uniwersytetu. Więcej miejsca poświęcono również działalności Wojciecha Urbańskiego, którego habilitacja z fizyki matematycznej była najprawdopodobniej pierwszą w monarchii Habsburgów. Dodano także kilka dzieł Oskara Fabiana i Mariana Smoluchowskiego. Wreszcie poczyniono nieznaczne uzupełnienia bibliografii z lat trzydziestych XX wieku, np. dodano popularne artykuły prasowe autorstwa Leopolda Infelda.Zamysłem autorów było przedstawienie opisów bibliograficznych w sposób jak najbardziej kompletny, w szczególności poprzez unikanie skrótów w nazwach i nazwiskach, tak by czytelnicy mogli zdobyć wszelkie interesujące ich informacje na temat publikowanych prac. Wszystkie tytuły zostały sprawdzone de visu, z wyjątkiem dwóch książek XVIII-wiecznych. Łącznie lista dodatków obejmuje 84 podstawowe pozycje oraz 7 pozycji pomniejszych.Rozpoczęto również zbieranie danych na temat prac z fizyki doświadczalnej na Uniwersytecie po 1872 roku, gdyż ten zakres nie został jeszcze opracowany, a historia tej dyscypliny i jej rozwój w tym okresie wciąż czeka na szczegółowe badania
Cultural determinants of innovation effectiveness in enterprises
No full textIt is nowadays impossible for any business to implement innovation while isolated and by being based solely on its own potential, as modern innovations cannot exist without open discussion and the flow of various resources (capital, informational, material etc.) not only within the enterprise, but also between it and other entities in the market. Therefore it is partners who play an exceptional part in the processes of effectiveness of innovative activities, partners who are often exhibiting diverse characteristics and are subject to cultural conditioning. Proper selection and skilful development of relationships in such conditions of diversity is the key to success for many innovative companies. In view of the above, the aim of this paper is to determine aspects of cultural conditioning key to the effectiveness of processes of innovation, which may have influence on efficacy of cooperation. The empirical part presents results of research conducted on Polish micro, small and medium firms. It was found that these companies very rarely consciously manage their culture and this approach often closes the way to implementing many innovative activities. Opening organizational cultures to cooperate with the environment is a requirement of the twenty-first century, while a specific "key to innovation”