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The Duty to Give Reasons in the European Legal Area: a Mechanism for Transparent and Accountable Administrative Decision-Making? A Comparison of Belgian, Dutch, French and EU Administrative Law
Full text linkThe duty to give reasons is generally thought of as an indispensable procedural guarantee that is offered to citizens in all modern European administrative law systems. The comparative analysis carried out in this article, however, reveals that important differences continue to exist between the way in which various legal systems within Europe conceive of that duty. The article furthermore argues that the duty to give reasons has an important role to play in the furtherance of transparency and accountability as principles of good governance. However, it also has its limitations as an instrument for keeping the administration accountable. Up until today, the duty to give reasons primarily has a role to play in the relationship between the administration and those individuals that are subject to its specic (mostly individual) decisions. In that context, the question arises whether the status of the duty to give reasons is evolving towards that of an individual human righ
Public Consultations in Ukraine: Topical Legal Issues
Full text linkThe article revolves around the genesis and current state of development of the institution of public consultations in Ukraine. It outlines a range of negative factors resulting in the low efficiency of public consultations and determines priority directions in the development of public consultations. Additionally, the article emphasises the necessity of taking complex legal and organisational steps aimed to promote public participation in policy-making processes
Preprint w humanistyce – fikcja czy realna możliwość?
Full text linkEven though the use of open preprint databases for scholarly publications is commonplace in several disciplines, their possibilities remain largely unexplored in the humanities. This article examines the emergence and the dynamics of academic preprint and evaluates the possibilities for introducing preprint for the humanities.Pomimo że korzystanie z otwartych baz preprintów publikacji naukowych jest powszechne w wielu dyscyplinach, możliwości takich baz preprintów pozostają w dużej mierze niewykorzystane w naukach humanistycznych. Artykuł omawia powstawanie i dynamikę preprintu akademickiego oraz ocenia możliwości wprowadzenia preprintów w naukach humanistycznych
Koncepcje Ludwika Flecka i ich zastosowanie do eukariotycznego cyklu komórkowego
Full text linkThe concepts of Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961), a microbiologist, historian, and philosopher of medicine, can be used to analyze the conservative nature of scientific ideas. This is discussed and applied to ideas dominant in the understanding of the eukaryotic cell cycle. These are (a) the G1-phase restriction point as a regulatory element of the mammalian cell cycle, (b) the Rate Change Point proposed to exist in fission yeast, and (c) the proposal that a large number of genes are expressed in a cell-cycle-dependent manner.Fleck proposed that scientific ideas become fixed and difficult to change because criticisms of current and dominant models are either ignored or turned to support of the current model. The idea of a thought-collective leading to the stability of scientific ideas is a central theme of the theory of Ludwik Fleck.Koncepcje Ludwika Flecka (1896–1961), mikrobiologa, historyka i filozofa medycyny, mogą być użyte do analizowania zjawiska skostnienia idei naukowych. Zagadnienie to omówiono i zastosowano do dominujących koncepcji w rozumieniu cyklu podziału komórek eukariotycznych. Są to: (a) punkt kontrolny fazy G1 (tzw. punkt restrykcyjny) jako element regulacyjny cyklu komórkowego u ssaków; (b) punkt zmiany tempa wzrostu komórek mający występować u drożdży rozszczepkowych (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) oraz (c) postulat, że ekspresja znacznej liczby genów jest zależna od fazy cyklu komórkowego.Fleck zaproponował, że idee naukowe utrwalają się i trudno je zmienić, ponieważ krytyka aktualnych i dominujących modeli jest albo ignorowana, albo przemieniana na poparcie aktualnie obowiązującego modelu. Idea „kolektywu myślowego”, prowadząca do stabilizacji idei naukowych, jest centralnym tematem teorii Ludwika Flecka
Potencjał innowacyjny małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw na tle liderów polskiej gospodarki w świetle badań empirycznych
Full text linkInnovativeness is, beside competitiveness, one of the key questions and challenges that stands before modern enterprises in the global economy touched by the current crisis. How forcefully can we plan and accustom innovation? What kind of resources should we develop if we want to be an innovative enterprise? – This is only a snapshot of questions which managers of global corporations and small and medium-sized enterprises must answer. Helpful to this process can be the analysis of innovative potential which forms the background for the considerations included in the present paper.The results of empirical research allow us to formulate the following conclusions about the nature of generalizing: 1. The vast majority of key components of the innovation potential of both SMEs and the leaders of the Polish economy are resources of an intangible nature, 2. Among the analyzed functional areas, the most important resource, in terms of innovation potential, turned out to be – in the SME group – the sphere of employment, whereas in the group of leaders of the Polish economy – the sphere of organization and management, 3. In both groups – SMEs and the leaders of the Polish economy – definitely it should also be emphasized that the key role of knowledge in building innovation capacity is mystery. The symptoms of this fact can be found in most of the identified key ingre-dients of the innovation potential of SMEs and leaders of the Polish economy
Rozstrzyganie sporów cywilnoprawnych w drodze decyzji administracyjnej przez Prezesa Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki
Full text linkResolution of Civil-Law Disputes by Means of the Administrative Decision of the President of the Energy Regulatory OfficeThe purpose of this article is to present the process of resohdng civil-law disputes by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office by means of an administrative decision under the Energy Law Act. In accordance with the provisions of Article 8(1) of the Energy Law Act, The President of the Energy Regulatory Office is authorised to re-solve disputes referred to in that provision which inherently belong to matters of civil law. Pursuant to Article 2(1) of the Code of Civil Procedurę, civil matters arę heard by common courts of law, except for those delegated to other bodies in special provisions referred to in Article 2(2). An example of such a special provision is Article 8 of the Energy Law Act, which excludes the admissibility of court proceedings in certain disputes to be resolved by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office. Thus, cases of disputes referred to in Article 8 of the Energy Law Act involve on the one hand a strictly civil law dispute and on the other a public authority (central government authority) which is to settle this dispute in a manner appropriate for it using its powers and non-equivalence of entities. Conseąuently, the civil-legal relationship characterised by voluntariness and equivalence of entities is shaped imperatively and unilaterally by a public authority by means of the administrative decision
Efektywność ekonomiczna samorządu terytorialnego w polityce zdrowotnej Polski na tle aktualnej sytuacji zdrowotnej w Unii Europejskiej
Full text linkThe Cost-Eectiveness of Local Government in Poland’s Health Policy Against the Background of the Current Health Situation in the EUAt the beginning of this article the genesis of public health is presented, both in the Polish and European context. Then the current health situation of Polish society is assessed in comparison with other European Union citizens, on the basis of one subjective indicator (opinion concerning one’s health) and two objective ones (life expectancy and mortality rate). Further, the tasks of local government in Poland are presented in the public health area and the definition of effectiveness is given, in the context of which the ways of funding public health measures by the local government are described and the structure of expenditures of the local government in the public health area are compared with other expenditures from the local government’s budget. In the conclusion of the article, the results are described of the 1999 reform in the area of cost-effective funding of tasks in the area of public health at local level
Wizerunek publiczny Urzędu Miasta Krakowa
Full text linkThe Public Image of the Municipality of CracowThe article focuses on the public image of the Municipality of Cracow. It compares and discusses the results of a survey was conducted amongst its clients and employees
The report on the activities of the PAU Commission on the History of Science in 2016/2017
Full text linkThe report discusses the activities of the Commission on the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2016/2017. It presents the lists of: scientific meeting, conferences, and new publications.Omówiono działalność Komisji Historii Nauki PAU w roku 2016/2017. Przedstawiono spisy posiedzeń naukowych, konferencji naukowych oraz nowych publikacji
Uwagi na temat „Projektu z dnia 23 marca 2017 r. Rozporządzenie Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia ………… 2017 r.”
Full text linkThe article discuses the Bill of 23 March 2017 of the “Directive of the Minister of Science and Higher Education, Republic of Poland, dated ………… 2017”. It indicates serious flaws of this Bill regarding legislation and the science of science (including bibliometrics), and proposes significant amendments to the content of the provisions of this Directive.Artykuł omawia „Projekt z dnia 23 marca 2017 r. Rozporządzenie Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia ………… 2017 r.”, wskazuje wady natury legislacyjnej i naukoznawczej (w tym bibliometrycznej) tego projektu oraz postuluje istotną nowelizację treści tego rozporządzenia