Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka: UTeM Open Journal System
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Pain Assessment: A Proof of Concept for the Correlation of Sensor-based Physiological Readings to Self-Report Methods
No full textPain can cause emotional effects on human-like anger, depression, mood swings, and irritability. The discomfort caused by pain can only be seen, but the level of the pain is only felt by the person enduring the pain. One method used by clinicians and doctors to identify one’s pain level is the use of pain score to rate the level of pain endured. Three ways are available to rate the level of pain, which are the patient’s selfreport method, behavioral measurement, and physiological measurement. This study focuses on the correlation between two methods, which are physiological measurement and the selfreport method. The hybrid of integrated physiological sensors and self-report mobile applications is used for system testing in this study. Three physiological variables were used to be collected in system testing which are the heart rate, body temperature, and Galvanic Skin Response. While for the selfreport, an Android mobile application was used to capture the pain level experienced by the authors in the form of numerical scale. To find the correlation between them, all the data collected from the system testing were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient formula. The results of the correlation suggested that the heart rate and GSR has a positive relationship with the selfreport, while body temperature has a non-correlated hypothesis. For further work, medical science people and clearance from human ethics need to be considered in the assessment
Buckling load analysis of cracked curved beams using differential quadrature element method
Full text linkThis paper investigates the buckling load of a cracked curved beam subjected to external excitations considering the effects of shear deformations and the geometric nonlinearity due to large deformations. The governing nonlinear equations of motion are derived. The solution consists of just static part, leading to nonlinear differential equations. The differential quadrature element method has been used to solve the problem. First, it is applied to the equilibrium equations, leading to a nonlinear algebraic system of equations that will be solved utilizing an arc length strategy. To verify the validity of the proposed method, the beam is modeled using the finite element method. The great agreement between the results shows the accuracy of the proposed method in predicting the loading of buckling of the beam
Non-Catalytic Microwave Assisted Transesterification of Palm Oil with Dimethyl Carbonate
Full text linkA reactor-condenser microwave (600W) was modified as an assisted method for continuous transesterification of palm oil. The high free fatty acid oil was simultaneously neutralized and trans esterified with dimethyl carbonate. With the DMC to oil molar ratio of 10:1, 7:1 and 5:1, with temperature range of 150 degrees to 250 degrees, 2 to 4-hour residence time, the continuous conversion of palm oil to ethyl ester was over 90%. The palm oil biodiesel was analyses using FTIR analysis to determine the conversion yield. Most ideal ratio was figured out to be 1:7 (oil to DMC) and it continue to next 4 hour of heating to obtain the best result. The maximum conversion yield achieve was 95.9% and the density, viscosity also fuel properties achieve ASTM standard
Knowledge Acquisition Mechanisms during New Technology Implementation Process of Malaysia’s Automotive Engineering Support Industry
Full text linkMalaysia’s engineering support industry is crucial in supporting the country’s industry development because it is integrating to other economic sectors including manufacturing, construction, transportation and the primary industry. Players in this industry starting to upgrade their facilities and adopting new technologies to fulfill rigorous requirement of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for parts and components along with precision engineering service. Beside technology adoption, knowledge is the main advantage of firm to compete in the turbulence and increasingly complex new business environment. This research aims to explain the specific knowledge acquisition mechanisms used for three knowledge level as proposed by previous researcher. Semi-structured interview was conducted in two participating automotive tooling companies in Selangor to collect data for the study. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo. Results of this study found that among the knowledge acquisition mechanisms for declarative knowledge mentioned by the interviewees are basic training, intellectual capital, pre-departure training and instructor manual. The knowledge acquisition mechanisms for procedure knowledge includes external OJT, hiring external expert, related working experience, local training, benchmarking and personal observation. Finally, the knowledge acquisition mechanisms for conditional knowledge includes continuous improvement, learning by doing, project review and trial and error.
Investigation on Channel Borrowing in Channel Assignment Problem
No full textMobile Communication is the use of technology that allows us to communicate with others in various locations without the use of any physical connection. The mobile communication system involves a large coverage area that serves a large geographical area. Due to the enormous growth of mobile telephone users, the limited number of channels available in the regions is unable to fulfill the user demand calls and this leads to the channel assignment problem. To solve this problem, efficient channels reuse or allocation policy is needed to optimize the uses of channels with low channels interference in the regions. To have the efficient channel allocation, one of the solutions is to fully optimize utilization of all channels. This project introduces channel assignment with Channel Borrowing Scheme. This scheme allows borrowing of free or unused channels from neighboring or adjacent cells to fulfil the demand calls. Next, the interference occurs in the cells is optimized as the objective function since quality of calls is important in mobile communication. The result of the experiment shows that this proposed scheme has better result in terms of number of rejected calls compared to non-channel borrowing scheme
Numerical Assessment Of A Static Mixer Design For Mixing Free Flowing Granular Materials Using The Discrete Element Method
Full text linkMixing is a process of a vital importance in agricultural, chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing industries, however the behavior of particles during the mixing process still not fully understood as it is related to many physical and process parameters (material type, friction, mixer velocity, etc.). The opposite term of mixing is segregation which might arise during such a mixing process of granular materials and it has a great adverse impact on the mixture. Understanding the flow patterns of granular solids during mixing is a complex and difficult task, therefore deliberating mixing of solid ingredients is a crucial maneuver in the production of powder products. Usually, mixing is conducted via either the rotation of one or several internal rotor(s) (e.g. Screw mixer) or by the rotation of the mixer frame itself (e.g. drum mixer). These mixers require energy dissipated from a motor, in fact, a production line producing batches of products requires much energy and that costs a lot of money. Moreover, appropriate parameters should be set in order to obtain the desired mixture homogeneity that depends on the mixer/rotor(s) rotational speed, mixer/rotor geometry, etc. in this work, a static mixer is designed which has no moving parts, causing mixing by simply filling solid granules. EDEM® software based on Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been utilized to conduct the numerical experiments. Recorded screens of mixing states are used for qualitative assessments, and the Lacey index of mixing has been calculated for every experiment
A Study of Different Substrate Material on Air Gap Radial Line Slot Array (RLSA) Antenna at 28 GHz
Full text linkThis paper compared the performance of the conventional Radial line slot array (RLSA) antenna structure. Two different substrates of RLSA antennas were used: The FR4 with the relative permittivity (εr) value of 4.5 and the Duroid/RT5880 with the relative permittivity (εr) value of 2.2. Both substrates had their own thickness, where the Rogers RT Duroid 5880 was thinner with the value of 0.254 mm compared to FR4 which was 1.600 mm. There were two antenna cavities, which were the FR4 hybrid with air gap and the Duroid/RT5880 hybrid with air gap. Based on different substrate, this RLSA antenna was simulated using the CST Microwave Studio simulation software and measured using the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) equipment that can measure the frequency range (10.0 MHz to 50.0 GHz). Moreover, this RLSA antenna was presented, experimented and measured for millimeter wave frequency, which is within the frequency range (24.0 GHz to 32.0 GHz). In the middle of the rectangular, slots on radiating plate, located with fed coated of 50 Ω SSMA connector as a coaxial to waveguide transition frequency reconfigurable millimeter-wave antenna for 5G networks is presented. The results of the simulation and measurement of this RLSA antenna with different substrates show the S11 and wider value of impedance bandwidth performance in millimeter wave frequency
Cellular Planning of GSM Network in Rivers State, Nigeria
Full text linkGlobal system for mobile communication has witnessed tremendous growth. This is due largely to the fact that it enables people to make quality calls, send messages, browse the internet etc. at any time and for any period. The huge number of GSM subscribers has resulted in the system being over-loaded. This research work is aimed at optimizing Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network in Rivers State. The behavior of GSM network under four different conditions were examined. The work also aimed to determine the number of base stations required to provide adequate GSM network coverage in Rivers State. Erlang B technique was employed to achieve the aim of this research work. This research work found that when the traffic load is greater than, or too close to, the voice channels (in magnitude), the system denied many callers access from making calls. However, when the voice channels are greater than traffic load, the system performed well. But voice channels must not be far greater than traffic load and should not be too close to it, to avoid under-utilization or over-utilization of the channels. The work also revealed that the number of base stations required in any given place varies inversely proportional to the square of the cell radius. Hence, for Rivers State, the number of base stations to provide 100% network coverage for a cell radius of 3km was found to be 474
Design and Development of Product Sorting Robot
Full text linkThe EV3 Product Sorting Machine is designed and implemented to provide a better machine for the industry that will act on behalf of the workers in an industry by helping to sort the products according to the type without the usage of manpower. This machine will detect the stock to arrive from the factory, sort it and arrange it for their categories. At the same time, it will also record the total number of stock available in the store and also can withdraw stock from storage by their categories. The main idea why we propose this project is because there are certain problems in the industry like the industry of manufacturing that needs a lot of manpower to complete their work, workers always have mistaken or errors in sorting products to the right place and there is difficulty to calculate stock available. Our objective is to create a sustainable robot to sort products according to the code, to classify products according to the category and to identify the number of products available from each category of product. Here, the image processing method is implemented to determine and read the code on the label of the product, once the image of the code is processed it will instruct the next execution. This project is more significant in developing this robot as this invention could help the industry to get more systematic work with fewer man errors. Besides that, this project will also enable the industry to save a lot of money as less manpower needed to work. Keywords—EV3 Robot; Product Sorting; Image Processing;
Structural Dynamic Modelling of a Multi-Storey Shear Frame using Mass and Stiffness Addition
Full text linkDesigners of systems involved in high-speed operation and users of lightweight structures have realised that measurement of stress/strain properties are not sufficient and that dynamic measurement / analysis are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics. The shear frame structure was modelled using solid elements (ANSYS solid 187) and the discrepancy between the experimental and initial numerical results were very high. The three experimental modes were observe and the suspected areas of local stiffness were noted; these being the areas of connection between the floor plates and vertical pillars and ANSYS shell 181 was used to adjust the stiffness locally. Also with appropriate engineering judgements, omitted masses compared with the physical structure were added locally using ANSYS mass 21 element type. In addition, the finite element model boundary conditions were carefully manipulated to predict the experiment condition. This technique of updating proved to be very successful as the mix-match between the experimental and finite element results were reduced