Centro Universitario Mendoza, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras: Open Journal Systems FFYL
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Variations of Atmospheric Emissions in the Biomass Burning of Tree Species as an Environmental Indicator
Get PDFBiomass burning (BB) serves as both an energy source and an environmental indicator. This study examined how CO₂ and fine particle emissions vary during the combustion of biomass from three tree species to determine their contribution to environmental pollution. Leave and stem samples were taken from A. farnesiana (huizache) tree, S. molle (pirul), and P. laevigata (mesquite). The dry biomass was thermally processed in a muffle furnace at temperatures ranging from 50°C to 450°C. Emissions of CO₂, particles smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), particles smaller than 10 microns (PM10), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were measured. The highest emission levels occurred during the pyrolysis process between 250°C and 450°C in both leaves and stems. Among the leaves, the highest emissions of PM2.5 and PM10 were found in huizache, while the highest values were found in mesquite stems. In terms of leaves, mesquite had the highest CO₂ emissions, followed by huizache and pirul. Regarding the stems, pirul had the highest atmospheric emissions of CO₂, followed by huizache and mesquite. In all cases, emission levels exceeded the limits established by Mexican and international environmental regulations, indicating a significant risk to the environment and public health.
Highlights:
Biomass burning (BB) is the combustion of plant materials, which are widely used for energy production
This study experimentally verified the environmental impacts of biomass burning for three tree species under a laboratory pyrolysis process.
The highest PM5 and PM10 emissions occurred in A. farnesiana leaves and in P. laevigata stems.
The order of highest CO₂ emissions in leaves was laevigata > A. farnesiana > S. molle; in stems, it was S. molle > A. farnesiana > P. laevigata.
Further comparisons across biomass burning sources and processes should strengthen evaluations of environmental impact considering air pollution.Biomass burning (BB) serves as both an energy source and an environmental indicator. This study examined how CO₂ and fine particle emissions vary during the combustion of biomass from three tree species to determine their contribution to environmental pollution. Leave and stem samples were taken from A. farnesiana (huizache) tree, S. molle (pirul), and P. laevigata (mesquite). The dry biomass was thermally processed in a muffle furnace at temperatures ranging from 50°C to 450°C. Emissions of CO₂, particles smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), particles smaller than 10 microns (PM10), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were measured. The highest emission levels occurred during the pyrolysis process between 250°C and 450°C in both leaves and stems. Among the leaves, the highest emissions of PM2.5 and PM10 were found in huizache, while the highest values were found in mesquite stems. In terms of leaves, mesquite had the highest CO₂ emissions, followed by huizache and pirul. Regarding the stems, pirul had the highest atmospheric emissions of CO₂, followed by huizache and mesquite. In all cases, emission levels exceeded the limits established by Mexican and international environmental regulations, indicating a significant risk to the environment and public health.
Highlights:
Biomass burning (BB) is the combustion of plant materials, which are widely used for energy production
This study experimentally verified the environmental impacts of biomass burning for three tree species under a laboratory pyrolysis process.
The highest PM5 and PM10 emissions occurred in A. farnesiana leaves and in P. laevigata stems.
The order of highest CO₂ emissions in leaves was laevigata > A. farnesiana > S. molle; in stems, it was S. molle > A. farnesiana > P. laevigata.
Further comparisons across biomass burning sources and processes should strengthen evaluations of environmental impact considering air pollution
Sustentabilidad de la ganadería en la reserva de la Biosfera de Mar Chiquita: Construcción de indicadores para su estudio
Get PDFThe modification of natural grasslands as a result of agricultural-livestock production has caused, among other things, the loss of biodiversity. In these ecosystems, soil erosion and the loss of the diversity of native flora and fauna are recognized as direct consequences of high levels of stocking and subsequent overgrazing. The objective was to evaluate the sustainability of livestock production in the Parque Atlántico Mar Chiquito Biosphere Reserve. Private establishments within the reserve make up 61% of the surface and livestock farming is mainly carried out there. As a methodological tool, semi-structured interviews were carried out, from which data was obtained that allowed identifying indicators for the preparation of an environmental sustainability index. According to the results obtained, livestock activity does not drastically interfere with the objective of the Biosphere Reserves under study, allowing adequate sustainability of the studied area to be maintained. Despite this, the nature of a protected area in Mar Chiquita is at a critical limit, since a conservation model without planning is increasingly deepening.La modificación de los pastizales naturales como resultado de la producción agrícola-ganadera ha provocado, entre otras cosas, la pérdida de biodiversidad. En estos ecosistemas se reconoce la erosión del suelo y la pérdida de la diversidad de flora y fauna nativa como consecuencias directas de los elevados niveles de carga animal y del sobrepastoreo subsiguiente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la sustentabilidad de la producción ganadera en la Reserva de Biosfera Parque Atlántico Mar Chiquito. Los establecimientos privados dentro de la reserva conforman el 61% de la superficie y en ellos se desarrolla principalmente ganadería. Como herramienta metodológica, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas de carácter semi-estructurado, de las cuales se obtuvieron datos que permitieron identificar indicadores para la confección de un índice de sustentabilidad ambiental. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, la actividad ganadera no interfiere drásticamente en los objetivos de conservación que plantea la Reserva de Biosfera bajo estudio, permitiendo mantener una sustentabilidad adecuada del área. A pesar de esto, el carácter de Área Natural Protegida en Mar Chiquita se encuentra en un límite crítico, puesto que se profundiza cada vez más un modelo de conservación sin planificación
Sobre: Amar Sánchez, Ana María (2025). Lecturas de lo real: Política y estética en las ficciones latinoamericanas y españolas
No full textDiálogo de lectorxs con Aixa de la Cruz
Get PDFAixa de la Cruz (Bilbao, 1988) holds a degree in English Philology and a PhD in Literary Theory and Comparative Literature. Her literary work, translated into several languages, explores themes such as identity, memory, the body, and familial relationships. Her published novels include Cuando fuimos los mejores (2007), De música ligera (2009), La línea del frente (2017), Todo empieza con la sangre (2025), alongside the essays Cambiar de idea (2019) y Diccionario en guerra (2018). She was awarded the Euskadi Prize for Literature in 2020 and was a finalist for the XV Dulce Chacón Prize. This conversation focused on two of her works: the short story collection Modelos animales (2015) and the novel Las herederas (2022). In these texts, de la Cruz confronts taboos, reimagines motives of the Gothic tradition, and examines near-delirious contradictions of contemporary life. Held by videoconference at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the National University of Cuyo, the event brought students together with the author in a real dialogue, conceived as a continuation of the imaginary one that reading literature entails.Aixa de la Cruz (Bilbao, 1988) es licenciada en Filología Inglesa y doctora en Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada. Su obra literaria ha sido traducida a varios idiomas e indaga temas como la identidad, la memoria, el cuerpo y los vínculos familiares. Ha publicado novelas como Cuando fuimos los mejores (2007), De música ligera (2009), La línea del frente (2017), Todo empieza con la sangre (2025) y los ensayos Diccionario en guerra (2018) y Cambiar de idea (2019). Ha recibido el premio Euskadi de Literatura 2020 y ha sido finalista del XV Premio Dulce Chacón. Este conversatorio se centró en dos de sus obras: el libro de relatos Modelos animales (2015) y la novela Las herederas (2022), donde la autora transgrede tabúes, reelabora motivos de la tradición gótica, explora contradicciones que marcan hasta el delirio la vida contemporánea. Realizado por videoconferencia en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, el evento fue protagonizado por estudiantes que conversaron con la autora y concebido como un diálogo real después del diálogo imaginario que implica leer literatura
Falak, Marcos Marcelo. Terror en Buenos Aires: la conspiración de Álzaga de 1812. Sentimientos anti peninsulares, pánico moral y conciencia patriótica: / – 1a ed. – Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Teseo, 2023. ISBN-13: 9789877233889
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Coronada de estrellas, expropiada de sí: la poética de la no-maternidad como agencia autoral en Espejo negro de Miriam Reyes
No full textThis article examines Miriam Reyes’s Espejo negro (2001) to explore how the poet contributes to the reconfiguration of female authorship within the landscape of contemporary Spanish poetry. Its central focus lies in the lyrical representation of non-motherhood, understood not as a lack but as an affirmative gesture of insubordination and subject construction. Closely related themes—such as menstruation, abortion, female masturbation, and romantic disillusionment—intensify the text’s tension with gender mandates that have historically excluded women’s bodies from literary discourse. Drawing on the notion of “weak authorship” and adopting an intersectional approach that conceives the body as a space where identities and meanings are inscribed, the analysis reveals how Reyes subverts dominant narratives through a direct, blunt style aligned with the aesthetics dirty realism. Espejo negro brings visibility to historically silenced experiences and articulates a form of authorial agency in which the “empty womb” becomes a surface for enunciation of the “I” in confrontation with the Other. Through this dynamic, Reyes carves out a space for a female voice that transgresses marginality, affirming her authori(ali)ty within the literary field through corporeality, insurrection, and self-determined forms of desire.
Keywords:Poetry, Contemporary Literature, Cultural Identity, Artistic Expression, Sexuality,Este artículo examina el poemario Espejo negro (2001) de Miriam Reyes para explorar cómo la poeta contribuye a la reconfiguración de la autoría femenina en el contexto de la poesía española contemporánea. Su eje central radica en la representación lírica de la no-maternidad, entendida como un gesto afirmativo de insubordinación y construcción del sujeto. Temas colindantes, como la menstruación, el aborto, la masturbación o el desencanto amoroso, amplifican la tensión frente a los mandatos de género que históricamente han excluido el cuerpo de las mujeres del discurso literario. Partiendo del concepto de “autoría débil” y con una lectura interseccional que considera el cuerpo como un espacio donde se inscriben identidades y ciertos significados, el análisis muestra cómo Reyes subvierte las narrativas dominantes mediante un lenguaje directo, libre de eufemismos y cercano al realismo sucio. En Espejo negro se visibilizan experiencias históricamente silenciadas y se articula una forma de agencia autoral, donde el “vientre vacío” se convierte en una superficie de enunciación para la expresión del “yo” en confrontación con el Otro. A través de esta dinámica, Reyes funda un espacio para la voz femenina que transgrede la marginalidad, afirmando su autori(ali)dad en el campo literario desde la corporalidad, la insurrección y los quereres propios
Cautivas en el desierto espectral, recuperar cuerpos y murmullos: del pajonal inmundo al vibrante baldío contemporáneo
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to outline an archaeological tropography of representations of the wasteland in Argentine fiction as a cultural artifact of non-mourning. It seeks to delve into how these suburban areas of filth spatialize the boundaries that delimit humanity and on which gender violence is based, as well as the ways in which the link between carnal decay and the voicelessness of the victims of femicide is consolidated there. As a dumping ground for neoliberal slaughterhouses where the remains of dead girls are thrown, we will draw a line of continuity between these eerie confines of waste and the desierto of the modernizing imagination of the 19th century. To do so, we will delimit the aesthetic maneuvers executed on the grassland in Borges' “La intrusa” (1966). We postulate that in the story the condition of refuge in Esteban Echeverría's La Cautiva (1837) is inverted, which will be taken up again by contemporary fictions that narrate the expressive barbarities of patriarchy. Such is the case in Cometierra (2019) by Dolores Reyes, where hybrid uses of the Gothic mode reposition open crypts as a territory where the unburied becomes vibrant matter with expressive life to settle the spectral condition of the disappeared and construct new forms of being in common.El objetivo de este trabajo es esbozar una tropografía arqueológica de las representaciones del baldío en la ficción argentina como artefacto cultural del no-duelo. En particular, indagar en cómo en estas zonas suburbanas de lo inmundo se espacializan las fronteras delimitantes de lo humano sobre las que se fundan las violencias de género, así como se consolida el vínculo entre podredumbre carnal y afonía de las víctimas de feminicidio. Tiradero de los mataderos neoliberales a los que se arrojan los restos de las chicas muertas, trazaremos una línea de continuidad entre estos confines espeluznantes del desecho y el desierto del imaginario modernizador del siglo XIX. Para ello, delimitaremos las maniobras estéticas ejecutadas sobre el pajonal en “La intrusa” (1966) de Borges. Postulamos que allí se invierte la condición de refugio de La Cautiva (1837) de Esteban Echeverría, que será retomado por las ficciones contemporáneas que narran las expresivas barbaries del patriarcado. Tal es el caso de Cometierra (2019) de Dolores Reyes, en donde los usos híbridos del modo gótico resitúan las criptas abiertas como territorio donde lo insepulto deviene materia vibrante con vida enunciativa para saldar la condición espectral de las desaparecidas y construir nuevas formas de lo común
Tres reelaboraciones mexicanas de Antígona como estrategia de lucha contra el silenciamiento de los horrores de la guerra contra el narco en el sexenio de Calderón (2006-2012)
Get PDFThe present article analyzes three Mexican reimaginings of Sophocles’ tragedy Antigone, written during the drug war under President Calderón’s administration (2006–2012)—a period marked by widespread violence that resulted in the murder or disappearance of thousands of Mexicans. The works examined are: Antígona González by Sara Uribe (2012), Usted está aquí by Bárbara Colio, and Podrías llamarte Antígona by Gabriela Ynclán (both from 2009). The paper begins by presenting a general overview of the historical context, followed by an exploration of specific manifestations of violence and the consequences of the war, as integrated into each play. It then analyzes how elements of the original tragedy are recovered and transformed in these reimaginings, particularly through the reconfiguration of the characters Antigone, Creon, and Ismene. The analysis focuses on how, in these three adaptations, struggles are dramatized through "Antigones" who resist the silencing roles of "Ismenes" and confront the authoritarian figures of "Creons." This study argues that the playwrights draw upon Antigone as a strategic framework to engage with, denounce, and reflect on one of the most significant humanitarian crises in twenty-first-century Latin America.El presente artículo analiza tres reelaboraciones mexicanas de la tragedia Antígona de Sófocles, escritas durante la guerra contra el narcotráfico en el sexenio de Felipe Calderón (2006–2012), un periodo marcado por una violencia generalizada que dejó a miles de personas asesinadas o desaparecidas. Las obras examinadas son: Antígona González de Sara Uribe (2012), Usted está aquí de Bárbara Colio, y Podrías llamarte Antígona de Gabriela Ynclán (ambas de 2009). El trabajo inicia con una contextualización general del periodo histórico, y posteriormente profundiza en aspectos específicos de la violencia y sus consecuencias, tal como se integran en cada una de las obras. A continuación, se analizan las dimensiones de la tragedia que son recuperadas y transformadas en estas reelaboraciones, particularmente en relación con los personajes de Antígona, Creonte e Ismene. El análisis se centra en cómo, en las tres versiones, se escenifican luchas protagonizadas por “Antígonas” que resisten el silenciamiento impuesto por “Isemenes” y se enfrentan a figuras autoritarias como los “Creontes”. Este estudio sostiene que las dramaturgas recurren a Antígona como una estrategia para aproximarse, denunciar y reflexionar sobre una de las crisis humanitarias más significativas de América Latina en el siglo XXI