Centro Universitario Mendoza, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras: Open Journal Systems FFYL
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Relaciones de ciudadanía: entre el peso muerto del Estado Nación y el encanto del Estado Plurinacional
Full text linkThis article examines the tensions between the monocultural Nation-State and the Plurinational State project in Ecuador, focusing on education and the resistance of the Ecuadorian Indigenous Movement (MIE). The Constitution of 2008 recognized Ecuador as a Plurinational State and incorporated Sumak Kawsay (Good Living), inspired by Indigenous worldviews. However, this concept was instrumentalized as an empty signifier within the limits of state institutions. Although the Intercultural Education Law (2011) aimed to strengthen interculturality, it subordinated the Intercultural Bilingual Education System (SEIB) to the Ministry of Education during Rafael Correa’s government (2007-2017), limiting its cultural relevance and weakening a central aspect of the MIE’s struggles: the preservation of ancestral languages and their cultural potential. Yet, these languages persist and permeate Spanish usage. Language emerges as a tool of resistance; concepts like shungo-yuyay (thinking with the heart) and wakcha (poverty) reveal the need for an interdependent ethics, where politics transcends conflict to include celebration and reciprocity. The MIE’s experience demonstrates that plurinationality requires dismantling colonial structures and building hybrid politics: acting both at the margins of the State and within its institutions and conventions.Este artículo aborda las entre el Estado Nación monocultural y el proyecto de Estado Plurinacional en Ecuador desde la educación y la resistencia del Movimiento Indígena Ecuatoriano (MIE). La Constitución de 2008 reconoció al Ecuador como Estado Plurinacional e incorporó el Sumak Kawsay (Buen Vivir), inspirado en cosmovisiones indígenas. Sin embargo, este concepto fue instrumentalizado como un significante vacío en los límites de la institucionalidad estatal. Aunque la Ley de Educación Intercultural (2011) pretendía fortalecer la interculturalidad, subordinó el SEIB al Ministerio de Educación durante el gobierno de Rafael Correa, limitando su pertinencia cultural y debilitando un aspecto central de las luchas del MIE: la preservación de las lenguas ancestrales y su potencial cultural. Sin embargo, dichas lenguas se resisten y recorren los usos del castellano. El lenguaje emerge como herramienta de resistencia, conceptos como shungo-yuyay (pensar con el corazón) y wakcha (pobreza) revelan la necesidad de una ética interdependiente, donde la política trascienda el conflicto para incluir celebración y reciprocidad. La experiencia del MIE evidencia que la plurinacionalidad exige desmantelar estructuras coloniales y construir una política híbrida: actuar en los márgenes del Estado, y al interior de las instituciones y sus convenciones
“Abateram em Mendoza um delinquente subversivo”: Los Andes e sua versão da operação contra a direção dos Montoneros na província cuyana
Full text linkIn June 1976, through a communiqué issued by the Third Army Corps, the newspaper Los Andes reported the killing of Francisco “Paco” Urondo. Other individuals were involved in this operation: Rosario Aníbal Torres and Alicia Cora Raboy, who remain disappeared; and the infant Ángela Urondo Raboy and Reneé Ahualli, who survived. Taking this event as a point of departure, this article reflects on the role of Los Andes during the last military dictatorship. In particular, it analyzes the newspaper’s account of the incident and compares it with the version presented in the judicial proceedings that sought to clarify these cases—namely, the testimonies and the evidence.
From a theoretical and methodological standpoint, the study is situated within the field of social communication. The journalistic discourse of Los Andes is examined through the lens of critical discourse analysis and the theory of social representations. Additionally, contributions from studies on state repression in recent Argentine history are incorporated to contextualize the period under examination. Fifty years after the coup, we argue that the print press played a central role in either disseminating or concealing the events that took place during the dictatorship, including the operation carried out against members of Montoneros.En junio de 1976, a través de un comunicado del III Cuerpo de Ejército, el diario Los Andes da a conocer el asesinato de Francisco “Paco” Urondo. En este operativo había otras personas. Rosario Aníbal Torres y Alicia Cora Raboy, que se encuentran desaparecidas; y la beba Ángela Urondo Raboy y Reneé Ahualli quienes sobrevivieron. A partir de este suceso, el trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre el rol de Los Andes durante la última dictadura militar. Aquí, la versión del hecho que relata el diario es analizada y comparada con la difundida en el juicio que llevó adelante el esclarecimiento de esas causas: la versión de las y los testigos y las pruebas. Para ello, nos situamos teórica y metodológicamente en el campo de la comunicación social. Examinamos el discurso periodístico de Los Andes desde el análisis crítico del discurso y la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Asimismo, tomamos aportes de los estudios sobre la represión en la historia argentina reciente para abordar el periodo analizado. A 50 años del golpe, consideramos que la prensa gráfica tuvo un rol central difundiendo o censurando los acontecimientos que tuvieron lugar durante la dictadura, entre ellos, el operativo montado contra militantes de Montoneros.Em junho de 1976, por meio de um comunicado do III Corpo de Exército, o jornal Los Andes anunciou o assassinato de Francisco “Paco” Urondo. Outras pessoas estavam envolvidas nessa operação: Rosario Aníbal Torres e Alicia Cora Raboy, que permanecem desaparecidas; e a bebê Ángela Urondo Raboy e Reneé Ahualli, que sobreviveram. A partir desse acontecimento, o trabalho propõe refletir sobre o papel de Los Andes durante a última ditadura militar. Aqui, a versão do fato apresentada pelo jornal é analisada e comparada com a difundida no julgamento que buscou esclarecer esses casos — a versão das testemunhas e das provas. Para isso, situamo-nos teórica e metodologicamente no campo da comunicação social. Examinamos o discurso jornalístico de Los Andes a partir da análise crítica do discurso e da teoria das representações sociais. Além disso, recorremos a aportes dos estudos sobre a repressão na história argentina recente para abordar o período analisado. Cinquenta anos após o golpe, consideramos que a imprensa escrita desempenhou um papel central na difusão — ou censura — dos acontecimentos ocorridos durante a ditadura, entre eles a operação montada contra militantes dos Montoneros
Dimensões repressivas da última ditadura militar na Universidade Nacional de Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentina 1976-1981)
Full text linkIn this work, we propose to reconstruct the repressive network deployed at the National University of Cuyo during the last civic-military dictatorship. We will analyze the period encompassing the administrations of the military intervention of Commodore Héctor Eduardo Ruiz and the rectorship of Pedro Santos Martínez (1976-1981). We propose to analyze the repression at the university by reconstructing three interrelated and coexisting dimensions: the bureaucratic dimension, the dimension of surveillance and censorship, and the dimension of moral control. For this, we utilize sources available at the UNCuyo Historical Documentation Center and local newspapers from the period. We are interested in understanding the university project that the dictatorship sought to construct through joint civilian and military action, identifying the regulations and practices implemented to impose an “Argentine, Western, and Christian” university.En este trabajo nos proponemos reconstruir el entramado represivo desplegado en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo durante la última dictadura cívico-militar. Analizaremos el periodo que incluye las gestiones del interventor militar Comodoro Héctor Eduardo Ruiz y el rectorado del historiador Pedro Santos Martínez (1976-1981). Nos proponemos analizar la represión en la universidad a partir de la reconstrucción de tres dimensiones interrelacionadas y coexistentes: la dimensión burocrática, la dimensión de vigilancia y censura; y la dimensión de control moral. Para esto nos valemos de fuentes disponibles en el Centro de Documentación Histórica de la UNCuyo y prensa de la época. Nos interesa reconocer el proyecto de universidad que se propuso construir la dictadura a partir del accionar conjunto civil y militar, identificando normativas y prácticas implementadas para imponer una universidad “argentina, occidental y cristiana”.Neste trabalho, propomos reconstruir a rede repressiva implantada na Universidade Nacional de Cuyo durante a última ditadura cívico-militar. Analisaremos o período que abrange as administrações do administrador militar, Comodoro Héctor Eduardo Ruiz, e o reitorado do historiador Pedro Santos Martínez (1976-1981). Propomos analisar a repressão na universidade reconstruindo três dimensões inter-relacionadas e coexistentes: a dimensão burocrática, a dimensão da vigilância e censura e a dimensão do controle moral. Para isso, utilizamos fontes disponíveis no Centro de Documentação Histórica da UNCuyo e jornais da época. Estamos interessados em compreender o projeto universitário que a ditadura buscou construir por meio da ação conjunta de civis e militares, identificando os regulamentos e práticas implementados para impor uma universidade “argentina, ocidental e cristã”
Actualidad del campo de la Enseñanza de la Filosofía en Argentina: Un análisis a partir de los programas de las didácticas específicas
Full text linkIn this article, we develop a set of characterizations regarding the current state of the field of the teaching of philosophy in Argentina. To this end, we examine courses in subject-specific didactics of philosophy offered by public national universities that provide teacher education programs in philosophy. The analysis of this field is based on a review of the official course syllabi. Through the study of this corpus of documents, we problematize the current state of the philosophical-didactic paradigm and identify different approaches to teaching philosophy, considering how content is addressed, the perspectives adopted regarding educational subjects, positions on philosophical practices, and the bibliographic references proposed.En este artículo elaboramos algunas caracterizaciones sobre el estado actual del campo de la Enseñanza de la Filosofía en la Argentina. Para ello, decidimos considerar los espacios curriculares de Didáctica Específica de la Filosofía de las universidades nacionales públicas que ofrecen la carrera de Profesorado en Filosofía. Los desarrollos sobre el campo en cuestión fueron impulsados por el análisis de los programas analíticos de estas asignaturas. A través del estudio realizado sobre este corpus de documentos, problematizamos el estado actual del paradigma filosófico-didáctico y caracterizamos diversos enfoques de enseñanza de la filosofía, considerando la manera en que se abordan los contenidos, las perspectivas sobre los sujetos educativos, las posiciones respecto a las prácticas filosóficas y la bibliografía propuesta
Longe do centro, perto do terror. San Rafael, Mendoza: Vestígios da última ditadura militar argentina e seu prelúdio.
Full text linkThis paper falls within the field of recent history studies, particularly those focused on the last Argentine military dictatorship. We will analyze a geographical area far removed from the country's major cities, but not from the repressive practices that were prevalent before and during the dictatorship. This area is the San Rafael department in Mendoza province, where state terrorism carried out brutal repression against political and social activists with a territorial base and/or individuals associated with certain political figures. For this analysis, we have relied on documentary research of primary sources, such as diaries, court rulings, among others. We also conducted in-depth interviews with key informants (former political prisoners, relatives of the detained and/or disappeared, and members of human rights organizations). One of the significant contributions of this work is the analysis of the weekly newspaper El Caudillo de la Tercera Posición, due to the intimidation it carried out between 1973 and 1975 against political actors linked to San Rafael, who, along with their associates, subsequently suffered repressive actions. This provides us with elements to support the participation of civilian agents in the call to the military forces for the criminalization of the political opponent.El presente trabajo se enmarca en los estudios sobre historia reciente, particularmente, sobre la última dictadura militar argentina. Analizaremos un espacio territorial alejado de las grandes urbes nacionales, pero no de las prácticas represivas que se hicieron presentes antes y durante la dictadura. Se trata del departamento mendocino de San Rafael, donde el terrorismo de estado ejecutó una cruenta represión sobre militantes políticos, sociales de base territorial y/o personas cercanas a determinados actores políticos. Para ello, hemos recurrido al análisis documental de fuentes primarias, tales como diarios, sentencias judiciales, entre otras. Realizamos, asimismo, entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave (ex presos políticos, familiares de detenidos/as y/o desaparecidos, y miembros de organismos de Derechos Humanos). Uno de los aportes significativos de este trabajo es el análisis del Semanario El Caudillo de la Tercera Posición, por la intimidación que realizó, entre 1973 y 1975, a actores políticos vinculados a San Rafael que luego, ellos y sus allegados, sufrieron el accionar represivo. Esto nos brinda elementos para sostener la participación de agentes civiles en el llamado a las fuerzas militares para la criminalización del oponente político.Este trabalho se insere no campo dos estudos de história recente, particularmente aqueles focados na última ditadura militar argentina. Analisaremos uma área geográfica distante dos principais centros urbanos do país, mas não das práticas repressivas que prevaleceram antes e durante a ditadura. Essa área é o departamento de San Rafael, na província de Mendoza, onde o terrorismo de Estado exerceu brutal repressão ativistas políticos e sociais com bases territoriais e/ou pessoas próximas a certos atores políticos. Para esta análise, baseamo-nos em pesquisa documental de fontes primárias, como diários, decisões judiciais, entre outras. Também realizamos entrevistas em profundidade com informantes-chave (ex-presos políticos, familiares de detidos e/ou desaparecidos e membros de organizações de direitos humanos). Uma das contribuições significativas deste trabalho é a análise do semanário El Caudillo de la Tercera Posición (O Caudilho da Terceira Posição), devido à intimidação que exerceu entre 1973 e 1975 contra atores políticos ligados a San Rafael, os quais, juntamente com seus associados, sofreram posteriormente ações repressivas. Isso nos fornece elementos para apoiar a participação de agentes civis no apelo às forças militares para a criminalização do opositor político
Physicochemical Properties, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of Andean Fruits: Optimization of Extraction by Response Surface Methodology
Full text linkNative fruits from the Peruvian Andes, such as ushpa (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) and sachon (Hesperomeles obtusifolia (Pers.) Lindl.), grow in high-altitude environments that favor the accumulation of bioactive compounds. However, limited characterization has restricted their sustainable utilization. This study analyzed the physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), vitamin C (VC), and antioxidant activity (AA) of both fruits. It also evaluated the effects of solvent type (ethanol and methanol) and concentration (70% and 80%), and extraction time (60, 90, and 120 minutes) on extraction efficiency using response surface methodology. Both fruits exhibited higher levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity compared to other berry species. Optimal conditions for ushpa (64.86% methanol, 139.68 minutes) and for sachon (64.86% ethanol, 90 minutes) yielded TPC = 3,587 and 948 mg GAE/100 g, TFC = 1,821 and 701 mg CE/100 g, TAC = 252 and 8 mg C3G/100 g, and AA = 563 and 501 µmol TE/g, respectively. These findings support further research and potential valorization of these native fruits.
Highlights:
Ushpa and sachon are two native Peruvian Andean fruits that have not yet been commercialized.
Ushpa, in particular, exhibited an outstanding chemical composition and antioxidant activity compared to commercial berries.
The high antioxidant capacity was associated with phenolic richness and adaptation to high-altitude ecosystems.
Response surface methodology and the desirability function were applied for multi-response optimization.
The results highlight the potential of ushpa and sachon as functional ingredients.Native fruits from the Peruvian Andes, such as ushpa (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) and sachon (Hesperomeles obtusifolia (Pers.) Lindl.), grow in high-altitude environments that favor the accumulation of bioactive compounds. However, limited characterization has restricted their sustainable utilization. This study analyzed the physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), vitamin C (VC), and antioxidant activity (AA) of both fruits. It also evaluated the effects of solvent type (ethanol and methanol) and concentration (70% and 80%), and extraction time (60, 90, and 120 minutes) on extraction efficiency using response surface methodology. Both fruits exhibited higher levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity compared to other berry species. Optimal conditions for ushpa (64.86% methanol, 139.68 minutes) and for sachon (64.86% ethanol, 90 minutes) yielded TPC = 3,587 and 948 mg GAE/100 g, TFC = 1,821 and 701 mg CE/100 g, TAC = 252 and 8 mg C3G/100 g, and AA = 563 and 501 µmol TE/g, respectively. These findings support further research and potential valorization of these native fruits.
Highlights:
Ushpa and sachon are two native Peruvian Andean fruits that have not yet been commercialized.
Ushpa, in particular, exhibited an outstanding chemical composition and antioxidant activity compared to commercial berries.
The high antioxidant capacity was associated with phenolic richness and adaptation to high-altitude ecosystems.
Response surface methodology and the desirability function were applied for multi-response optimization.
The results highlight the potential of ushpa and sachon as functional ingredients
Francesca Romana Berno Roman luxuria. A Literary and Cultural History New York, Oxford University Press, 2023, 304 pp.
Full text linkIntroducción al Dossier: Antropoceno, materialismos y nuevos humanismos: desafíos de la antropología filosófica
Full text linkIs it possible to conceive of new forms of humanism, or are we effectively facing post-human positions, stages, or conditions? How is the post conceived in this sense? Is it not rather a critique of classical humanism as conceived in Eurocentric Western modernity and, as such, under a patriarchal, colonial, and racist order? Is it possible to conceive of other ways of understanding the human in harmony with nature and even as part of it, as proposed by many Andean worldviews? Can we then become in other ways, thinking about what is currently postulated within the fields of complexity and interdisciplinarity, which imply a more comprehensive vision of the human and its environment, not exclusively dualistic? These are some of the discussions that we consider essential to open in the current debates in philosophical anthropology.¿Es posible pensar nuevos humanismos o estamos efectivamente ante posiciones, etapas o condiciones posthumanas? ¿Cómo se concibe el post en este sentido? ¿No se trata de una crítica más bien al humanismo clásico concebido en la modernidad occidental eurocentrada y como tal bajo un orden patriarcal, colonial y racista? ¿Es posible pensar otras formas de concebir lo humano en armonía con la naturaleza e incluso como parte de esta, como proponen muchas cosmovisiones andinas? ¿Podemos entonces devenir en otros modos, pensando lo que hoy se postula dentro de los campos de la complejidad y la interdisciplina que implica una visión más abarcativa de lo humano y su entorno, no exclusivamente dualista? Estas son algunas de las discusiones que consideramos es ineludible abrir en los debates actuales de la Antropología Filosófica
Statistical Optimization of Seed Coating in Arid-Zone Grass Species Used as Cover Crops in Woody Agroecosystems
Full text linkInter-row vegetative cover improves soil physicochemical properties and biodiversity but should not compete with main crop for water. Native grass species such as Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P. M. Peterson & N. W. Snow, Pappophorum caespitosum R. E. Fr. and Digitaria californica (Benth.) Henrard var. californica provide forage value, require less water than conventional cover crops, and exhibit high tolerance to the edaphoclimatic conditions of arid regions. However, their small seed size hinders efficient handling and sowing. Seed coating increases seed size and weight, forming a pellet that improves handling, distribution, and protection. Nevertheless, limited information is available on coating techniques for small-seeded species. This study aims to optimize the coating process through a statistically designed experiment to evaluate key morphological and physiological seed traits. A Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize one compositional factor of the pellet and two operational parameters. Pellet traits such as size, heterogeneity, seed number, and residue were analyzed alongside germination and seedling development. Optimization was first carried out using edible amaranth seeds as a model organism and then validated with native grasses. The resulting models were statistically significant and allowed the identification of an optimal operational range. Germination was unaffected in single-seed pellets, and root growth was enhanced by the coating process. Overall, the proposed statistical methodology proved effective and broadly applicable for optimizing small-seed coating processes.
Highlights:
The Box–Behnken design enabled the identification of an optimal and reproducible operating range, proving to be an effective tool for seed coating process optimization while requiring a limited number of experiments and maximizing informational output.
Coating small seeds significantly improved handling, overcoming the operational limitations associated with the small size of native grass seeds.
Germination was not affected in single-seed pellets, and early root growth was enhanced, indicating a positive effect of seed coating on early seedling establishment.Inter-row vegetative cover improves soil physicochemical properties and biodiversity but should not compete with main crop for water. Native grass species such as Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P. M. Peterson & N. W. Snow, Pappophorum caespitosum R. E. Fr. and Digitaria californica (Benth.) Henrard var. californica provide forage value, require less water than conventional cover crops, and exhibit high tolerance to the edaphoclimatic conditions of arid regions. However, their small seed size hinders efficient handling and sowing. Seed coating increases seed size and weight, forming a pellet that improves handling, distribution, and protection. Nevertheless, limited information is available on coating techniques for small-seeded species. This study aims to optimize the coating process through a statistically designed experiment to evaluate key morphological and physiological seed traits. A Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize one compositional factor of the pellet and two operational parameters. Pellet traits such as size, heterogeneity, seed number, and residue were analyzed alongside germination and seedling development. Optimization was first carried out using edible amaranth seeds as a model organism and then validated with native grasses. The resulting models were statistically significant and allowed the identification of an optimal operational range. Germination was unaffected in single-seed pellets, and root growth was enhanced by the coating process. Overall, the proposed statistical methodology proved effective and broadly applicable for optimizing small-seed coating processes.
Highlights:
The Box–Behnken design enabled the identification of an optimal and reproducible operating range, proving to be an effective tool for seed coating process optimization while requiring a limited number of experiments and maximizing informational output.
Coating small seeds significantly improved handling, overcoming the operational limitations associated with the small size of native grass seeds.
Germination was not affected in single-seed pellets, and early root growth was enhanced, indicating a positive effect of seed coating on early seedling establishment
Imprensa, catolicismo tradicionalista e conflito eclesial: O papel do jornal El Sol de La Rioja na deslegitimação da abordagem pastoral de renovação do bispo Enrique Angelelli (1972-1976)
Full text linkThis article analyzes the role of the newspaper El Sol de La Rioja in constructing negative representations of Enrique Angelelli's pastoral work during the early 1970s. Through an examination of editorials, opinion columns, and news coverage, it studies the strategies by which the newspaper -linked to sectors of right-wing nationalism and traditionalist Catholicism- presented the bishop and his pastoral team as agents of “Marxist infiltration” and responsible for social unrest. The work focuses particularly on the "Coastal Conflict" (1973), a period in which El Sol acted as an amplifier for groups opposed to the diocesan pastoral work, legitimizing their denunciations and acts of harassment. The analysis engages with debates on the provincial and national press and the construction of the internal enemy, as well as with studies on the intra-ecclesial tensions that arose after the Second Vatican Council and Medellín. It is argued that El Sol acted as an actor capable of articulating economic, political, and territorial interests, contributing to the public delegitimization of Angelelli and the consolidation of a persecutory narrative that permeated La Rioja society in the period leading up to 1976.Este artículo analiza el rol del diario El Sol de La Rioja en la construcción de representaciones negativas sobre la pastoral de Enrique Angelelli durante los primeros años de la década de 1970. A partir del examen de editoriales, columnas de opinión y coberturas periodísticas, se estudian las estrategias mediante las cuales el periódico - vinculado a sectores del nacionalismo de derecha y el catolicismo tradicionalista- presentó al obispo y a su equipo pastoral como agentes de “infiltración marxista” y responsables de la conflictividad social. El trabajo se detiene especialmente en el “conflicto de La Costa” (1973), momento en el cual El Sol actuó como amplificador de los grupos opositores a la pastoral diocesana, legitimando sus denuncias y sus acciones de hostigamiento. El análisis dialoga con debates sobre prensa provincial y nacional y la construcción del enemigo interno, así como con estudios sobre las tensiones intraeclesiales surgidas tras el Concilio Vaticano II y Medellín. Se sostiene que El Sol funcionó como un actor capaz de articular intereses económicos, políticos y territoriales, contribuyendo a la deslegitimación pública de Angelelli y a la consolidación de una narrativa persecutoria que atravesó a la sociedad riojana en el período previo a 1976.Este artigo analisa o papel do jornal El Sol de La Rioja na construção de representações negativas do trabalho pastoral de Enrique Angelelli no início da década de 1970. Por meio de um exame de editoriais, colunas de opinião e cobertura jornalística, estuda as estratégias pelas quais o jornal -ligado a setores do nacionalismo de direita e do catolicismo tradicionalista- apresentou o bispo e sua equipe pastoral como agentes de “infiltração marxista” e responsáveis por distúrbios sociais. O trabalho centra-se particularmente no "Conflito da Costa" (1973), período em que o jornal El Sol serviu de amplificador para grupos opositores ao trabalho pastoral diocesano, legitimando as suas denúncias e atos de assédio. A análise dialoga com debates sobre a imprensa provincial e nacional e a construção do inimigo interno, bem como com estudos sobre as tensões intraeclesiais que surgiram após o Concílio Vaticano II e Medellín. Argumenta-se que El Sol atuou como um ator capaz de articular interesses econômicos, políticos e territoriais, contribuindo para a deslegitimação pública de Angelelli e para a consolidação de uma narrativa persecutória que permeou a sociedade de La Rioja no período que antecedeu 1976