Centro Universitario Mendoza, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras: Open Journal Systems FFYL
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Feminismos cuyanos en ciernes. Experiencias políticas de mujeres cristianas y feministas en la historia reciente local: El instituto de acción social familiar – IASyF (Mendoza, 1968-1975)
Get PDFThe text addresses the political experiences of feminist and Christian liberationist women in Mendoza between 1968 and 1975, centered on the Institute for Family Social Action (IASyF) and its Center for Women's Research (CIM). These women, coming from liberationist Christianity, emerged to debate the specific oppressions they faced in a social context marked by machismo and the radicalization of the working class. The IASyF was established as an autonomous space for training, research, and activism that integrates religious, political, and feminist perspectives with the goal of transforming society. It highlights the publication of "Oppression and Marginality of Women in the Machista Social Order" (1972), a pioneering text that articulates debates on female oppression, the mythology of femininity, and the connections between gender and class from a critical and feminist perspective. The book includes analyses of women's history, social diagnoses, and philosophical expositions that dismantle the patriarchal myths that sustain gender inequality, incorporating international feminist authors and theories. The work also emphasizes the importance of individual and collective consciousness for women's liberation and highlights the work of the IASyF as a key player in the origins of feminism in Argentina in the 1970s.
It is also worth highlighting the contributions of three men, Ezequiel Ander Egg, Enrique Dussel, and Jorge Gissi, intellectuals with recognized careers in the region and with a great sensitivity in addressing the subject.El texto aborda las experiencias políticas de mujeres feministas y cristianas liberacionistas en Mendoza entre 1968 y 1975, centradas en el Instituto de Acción Social Familiar (IASyF) y su Centro de Investigaciones sobre la Mujer (CIM). Estas mujeres, provenientes del cristianismo liberacionista, emergen para debatir sobre las opresiones específicas que enfrentan en un contexto social marcado por el machismo y la radicalización de la clase trabajadora. El IASyF se configura como un espacio autónomo de formación, investigación y militancia que integra perspectivas religiosas, políticas y feministas con el objetivo de transformar la sociedad. Destaca la publicación de "Opresión y Marginalidad de la Mujer en el Orden Social Machista" (1972), un texto pionero que articula debates sobre la opresión femenina, la mitología de la feminidad, y las conexiones entre género y clase desde una mirada crítica y feminista.
El libro incluye análisis de la historia de la mujer, diagnósticos sociales, y exposiciones filosóficas que desarticulan los mitos patriarcales que sostienen la desigualdad de género, incorporando autores y teorías feministas internacionales. El trabajo enfatiza además la importancia de la conciencia individual y colectiva para la liberación femenina y destaca la tarea del IASyF como un actor fundamental en los orígenes de los feminismos en Argentina en los años 70.
Es preciso destacar además la participación en el libro de tres varones, Ezequiel Ander Egg, Enrique Dussel y Jorge Gissi, intelectuales de trayectoria reconocida en la región, y con una gran sensibilidad para abordar la temática
La intermediación de los afectos en Hadas, brujas y señoritas de Aurora Venturini
Get PDFHadas, brujas y señoritas (1997) by Aurora Venturini gathers a compendium of stories whose narrative voices, tones, and characters are mediated and configured by the coexistence of feelings of fascination and repulsion. These feelings materialize the strangeness and negativity of the objects/subjects of contemplation, as well as the narrative voice, which, as it participates in the intimate or close space of the main character, exposes the sinister and abject places. The affective orientation of the voice morbidly exposes intimate dynamics, violent and oppressive practices, incest, and abuse, through qualities linked to Gothic aesthetics. Specifically, the work aims to analyze the stories in Fairies, Witches, and Ladies through the way affections participate in the intermediate space between bodies. Rather than seeking to represent themes of horror, it is about investigating, from the perspective of the affective turn, their function in the intermediate space between voices and objects/subjects of interest as it allows for an expanded perspective on the real and social issues within the family context, outside pre-established codes.Hadas, brujas y señoritas (1997) de Aurora Venturini reúne un compendio de cuentos cuyas voces narrativas, tonos y personajes están mediados y configurados por la convivencia de afectos de fascinación y repulsión. Los afectos materializan la extrañeza y la negatividad de los objetos/sujetos de contemplación, así como también de la voz narrativa que, en la medida en que participa del espacio íntimo o cercano al personaje principal, revela los lugares siniestros y abyectos. La orientación afectiva de la voz expone morbosamente las dinámicas íntimas, las prácticas violentas y opresivas, el incesto y el abuso, a través de cualidades ligadas a la estética gótica. En específico, el trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar los cuentos de Hadas, brujas y señoritas a través de la forma en que los afectos participan del espacio intermedio entre los cuerpos. Más que buscar la forma de representar los temas del horror, se trata de indagar, desde la perspectiva del giro afectivo, su función en el espacio intermedio entre las voces y los objetos/sujetos de interés puesto que permite ampliar la perspectiva sobre lo real y las problemáticas sociales en el contexto familiar, fuera de los códigos prestablecidos
Essential Oils and Extracts from Argentinian Northwest Plants as Potential Biofungicides for Olive and Grapevine Pathogens: in vitro Studies
Get PDFThis work studies the effect of 12 botanical products from Argentinian northwest plants on spores and mycelium of Verticillium dahliae and Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, two pathogens of agronomic importance for the region. The fungi were exposed to essential oils (EOs) or ethanolic extracts (EEs), determining the percentage of germinated spores and mycelial growth. All tested EOs and EEs showed varying degrees of antifungal activity, dependent on plant species, extract type, pathogen, and targeted fungal structures. V. dahliae germination was completely inhibited by Zuccagnia punctata and Clinopodium gilliesii EOs. In experiments with EEs, Z. punctata EE was the most effective in suppressing spore germination of both fungi. The C. gilliesii EE also controlled V. dahliae germination. The EEs of Z. punctata, C. gilliesii and Lippia turbinata were the most active against mycelial growth. These three EEs had a fungistatic effect on P. parasiticum while Z. punctata and L. turbinata EEs showed a fungicidal effect on V. dahliae. The products obtained from Z. punctata, C. gilliesii and L. turbinata have potential as biocontrollers against V. dahliae and P. parasiticum. This is encouraging since no effective treatments are available for the diseases involving these pathogens.
Highlights:
Antifungal activity of plant-derived products varied depending on plant species, extract type, pathogen, and targeted fungal structures.
Ethanolic extracts (EEs) showed higher antifungal activity than Essential oils (EOs).
V. dahliae was more sensitive to plant product activity than P. parasiticum.
The studied botanical products offer promising eco-friendly alternatives for integrated disease management in regional crops. This work studies the effect of 12 botanical products from Argentinian northwest plants on spores and mycelium of Verticillium dahliae and Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, two pathogens of agronomic importance for the region. The fungi were exposed to essential oils (EOs) or ethanolic extracts (EEs), determining the percentage of germinated spores and mycelial growth. All tested EOs and EEs showed varying degrees of antifungal activity, dependent on plant species, extract type, pathogen, and targeted fungal structures. V. dahliae germination was completely inhibited by Zuccagnia punctata and Clinopodium gilliesii EOs. In experiments with EEs, Z. punctata EE was the most effective in suppressing spore germination of both fungi. The C. gilliesii EE also controlled V. dahliae germination. The EEs of Z. punctata, C. gilliesii and Lippia turbinata were the most active against mycelial growth. These three EEs had a fungistatic effect on P. parasiticum while Z. punctata and L. turbinata EEs showed a fungicidal effect on V. dahliae. The products obtained from Z. punctata, C. gilliesii and L. turbinata have potential as biocontrollers against V. dahliae and P. parasiticum. This is encouraging since no effective treatments are available for the diseases involving these pathogens.
Highlights:
Antifungal activity of plant-derived products varied depending on plant species, extract type, pathogen, and targeted fungal structures.
Ethanolic extracts (EEs) showed higher antifungal activity than Essential oils (EOs).
V. dahliae was more sensitive to plant product activity than P. parasiticum.
The studied botanical products offer promising eco-friendly alternatives for integrated disease management in regional crops.
Arachis genetic resources: evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild species:
Get PDFGenetic resources are essential for crop improvement. Particularly, wild species related to peanuts are an important source of resistance to various factors. Thecaphora frezii, a pathogen causing peanut smut, leads to yield losses in Argentina’s peanut sector up to 35%. This study evaluated the response of 11 diploid species with A, B, F and K genomes, A. monticola (AABB), and diploid interspecific hybrids (BB), to T. frezii over two cropping seasons. Plants were grown in 20L pots (three replicates each) under field conditions and inoculated with teliospores of the pathogen (20,000 tel./g of soil). The disease was quantified through incidence (% of diseased pods) and severity (scale from 0 to 4). Among A genome species, A. duranensis exhibited the highest incidence at 15.27%; for K genome species, A. batizocoi reached 13.18%. Resistance to T. frezii was observed in the wild species A. diogoi and A. stenosperma (A genome), A. williamsii (B genome), A. trinitensis (F genome), A. cruziana (K genome), and the intragenomic hybrids, constituting new records. Our findings expand the peanut gene pool information for breeders and identify resistant genotypes, supporting the need to preserve wild peanut germplasm to ensure its availability.
Highlights:
Arachis species with B and F genomes displayed resistance to peanut smut, while AA and KK genome species exhibited varying susceptibility.
Genotypes resistant to Tecaphora frezii were identified, expanding the peanut gene pool available for developing resistant genotypes.
Wild Arachis species constitute important sources of alleles to diversify A. hypogaea genome and enhance resistance to multiple diseases, including peanut smut.
Careful conservation of wild groundnut germplasm is crucial to ensure its availability for future breeding efforts.
Genetic resources are essential for crop improvement. Particularly, wild species related to peanuts are an important source of resistance to various factors. Thecaphora frezii, a pathogen causing peanut smut, leads to yield losses in Argentina’s peanut sector up to 35%. This study evaluated the response of 11 diploid species with A, B, F and K genomes, A. monticola (AABB), and diploid interspecific hybrids (BB), to T. frezii over two cropping seasons. Plants were grown in 20L pots (three replicates each) under field conditions and inoculated with teliospores of the pathogen (20,000 tel./g of soil). The disease was quantified through incidence (% of diseased pods) and severity (scale from 0 to 4). Among A genome species, A. duranensis exhibited the highest incidence at 15.27%; for K genome species, A. batizocoi reached 13.18%. Resistance to T. frezii was observed in the wild species A. diogoi and A. stenosperma (A genome), A. williamsii (B genome), A. trinitensis (F genome), A. cruziana (K genome), and the intragenomic hybrids, constituting new records. Our findings expand the peanut gene pool information for breeders and identify resistant genotypes, supporting the need to preserve wild peanut germplasm to ensure its availability.
Highlights:
Arachis species with B and F genomes displayed resistance to peanut smut, while AA and KK genome species exhibited varying susceptibility.
Genotypes resistant to Tecaphora frezii were identified, expanding the peanut gene pool available for developing resistant genotypes.
Wild Arachis species constitute important sources of alleles to diversify A. hypogaea genome and enhance resistance to multiple diseases, including peanut smut.
Careful conservation of wild groundnut germplasm is crucial to ensure its availability for future breeding efforts
Dry mass production, nutrient accumulation and decomposition rate of cover crops intercropped with a Theobroma cacao full-sun system
Get PDFCover crops play a crucial role in promoting soil protection, enhancing organic matter content, facilitating nutrient cycling, and improving overall soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production, nutrient accumulation, and decomposition rate of cover crops intercropped with Theobroma cacao trees in a full-sun system. The research was conducted in Ilhéus, Bahia state, Brazil. The experimental design employed randomized blocks with three treatments, four decomposition times, and four replications. The treatments consisted of three cover crops: 1) pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); 2) brachiaria (Urochloa decumbens); and 3) spontaneous vegetation. Decomposition rates were evaluated using litter bags at specific intervals: 0, 47, 94, 116, and 136 days after field deposition. Dry biomass production and nutrient accumulation by the cover crops were also measured. Spontaneous vegetation and brachiaria treatments exhibited the highest potassium accumulation, while no significant differences were observed among the treatments for the other evaluated nutrients. Moreover, spontaneous vegetation and brachiaria demonstrated higher decomposition rates, with 16.7% and 26.7% of the deposited material remaining at the end of the 136-day study period, respectively. In contrast, the decomposition rate of pigeon pea proved to be slower, with a remaining dry mass of 38.3%, indicating longer persistence in the soil, and consequently a greater half-life time. The cover crops investigated in this study are regarded as promising options for intercropping with cocoa, as they exhibit an average dry mass production of 10 Mg ha-1. This value falls within the desired range for conservationist systems. When selecting species for intercropping, it is crucial to consider the decomposition rates these plants. This consideration ensures that the soil surface remains covered for an extended duration, leading to enhanced conservation and improvement of the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Soil conservation can be effectively achieved by choosing cover crop species with slower decomposition rates, thereby contributing to the overall health and quality of the soil.
Highlights:
This study evaluated biomass production, nutrient accumulation, and decomposition rate of cover crops intercropped with Theobroma cocoa trees in a full-sun system.
The cover crops investigated exhibit an average dry mass production of 10 Mg ha-1.
Spontaneous vegetation and brachiaria treatments exhibited the highest potassium accumulation.
Pigeon pea proved to be slower decomposition rate and largest remaining dry masso on the soil. In contrast, Spontaneous vegetation and brachiaria demonstrated higher decomposition rates, consequently less remaining dry mass.Cover crops play a crucial role in promoting soil protection, enhancing organic matter content, facilitating nutrient cycling, and improving overall soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production, nutrient accumulation, and decomposition rate of cover crops intercropped with Theobroma cacao trees in a full-sun system. The research was conducted in Ilhéus, Bahia state, Brazil. The experimental design employed randomized blocks with three treatments, four decomposition times, and four replications. The treatments consisted of three cover crops: 1) pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); 2) brachiaria (Urochloa decumbens); and 3) spontaneous vegetation. Decomposition rates were evaluated using litter bags at specific intervals: 0, 47, 94, 116, and 136 days after field deposition. Dry biomass production and nutrient accumulation by the cover crops were also measured. Spontaneous vegetation and brachiaria treatments exhibited the highest potassium accumulation, while no significant differences were observed among the treatments for the other evaluated nutrients. Moreover, spontaneous vegetation and brachiaria demonstrated higher decomposition rates, with 16.7% and 26.7% of the deposited material remaining at the end of the 136-day study period, respectively. In contrast, the decomposition rate of pigeon pea proved to be slower, with a remaining dry mass of 38.3%, indicating longer persistence in the soil, and consequently a greater half-life time. The cover crops investigated in this study are regarded as promising options for intercropping with cocoa, as they exhibit an average dry mass production of 10 Mg ha-1. This value falls within the desired range for conservationist systems. When selecting species for intercropping, it is crucial to consider the decomposition rates these plants. This consideration ensures that the soil surface remains covered for an extended duration, leading to enhanced conservation and improvement of the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Soil conservation can be effectively achieved by choosing cover crop species with slower decomposition rates, thereby contributing to the overall health and quality of the soil.
Highlights:
This study evaluated biomass production, nutrient accumulation, and decomposition rate of cover crops intercropped with Theobroma cocoa trees in a full-sun system.
The cover crops investigated exhibit an average dry mass production of 10 Mg ha-1.
Spontaneous vegetation and brachiaria treatments exhibited the highest potassium accumulation.
Pigeon pea proved to be slower decomposition rate and largest remaining dry masso on the soil. In contrast, Spontaneous vegetation and brachiaria demonstrated higher decomposition rates, consequently less remaining dry mass
De papeles y pantallas: historia y evolución de un conflicto entre lecturas
Get PDFEl texto “De papeles y pantallas: historia y evolución de un conflicto entre lecturas” tiene como propósito analizar la transición histórica y cultural entre los formatos de lectura en papel y en pantallas, desarticulando la idea de conflicto irreconciliable entre ambos. Busca resaltar las continuidades en lugar de las rupturas, proponiendo una visión integradora que valore las fortalezas y limitaciones de cada formato en contextos educativos y culturales. Además, reflexiona sobre cómo las transformaciones tecnológicas influyen en las prácticas lectoras contemporáneas y su integración en la enseñanza, vislumbrando la existencia de nuevos debates, como la incorporación de la Inteligencia Artificial dentro de este contexto. Metodológicamente, se emplea un enfoque cualitativo, histórico interpretativo y comparativo. Primero, se realiza una revisión histórica que explora hitos clave en la evolución de la lectura, desde el uso del códice hasta la llegada de la lectura digital. Luego, se lleva a cabo un análisis comparativo de las características y desafíos de los soportes en papel y en pantallas. El texto adopta una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, utilizando aportes de la historia de la lectura, la teoría del conocimiento y los estudios tecnológicos. También contextualiza la discusión en el ámbito educativo mediante el análisis de datos de evaluaciones como PISA y Pruebas Aprender. En su reflexión final, el texto invita a superar el antagonismo entre papel y pantallas, sugiriendo estrategias para integrar ambos formatos de manera complementaria, enriqueciendo las prácticas lectoras en una sociedad en constante transformación
La autorreflexión hermenéutica: un nervio fundamental del pensamiento de Ignacio Ellacuría
Get PDFIn the present paper we explore the assumption of hermeneutics, particularly hermeneutical self-reflection, in the context of the philosophy of Ignacio Ellacuria. To this end, we frame our theoretical reflection by reviewing the key aspects of hermeneutical philosophy as articulated by Heidegger and Gadamer. Subsequently, we conduct a deeper examination of the notion of hermeneutical self-reflection, which arise from a thought-provoking debate between Jürgen Habermas and Hans-Georg Gadamer. In that context, we analyze the peculiar way in which Ellacuria adopts this tradition of thought, emphasizing its conceptual shifts and re-significations, and explaining its potential for fostering critical thought.Este trabajo explora la asunción de la hermenéutica –en particular, de la autorreflexión hermenéutica— en el marco de la filosofía de Ignacio Ellacuría. Para ello, encuadramos nuestra reflexión teórica revisando las claves centrales de la hermenéutica filosófica según Heidegger y Gadamer. Posteriormente, indagamos en la profundización de la noción de autorreflexión hermenéutica, derivado de un sugerente debate entre Jürgen Habermas y Hans-Georg Gadamer. En este contexto, analizamos el modo peculiar en que Ellacuría asume esta tradición de pensamiento, enfatizando sus desplazamientos y resignificaciones conceptuales, y explicitando sus potencialidades para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico
Estudio de dieta de la trucha arco-iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en el Valle Pehuenche (Malargüe, Mendoza, Argentina)
Get PDFSalmonids, as invasive alien species, affect endemic species through predation, habitat occupation, and competition for trophic resources. In the Pehuenche Valley, their habitat overlaps with that of the amphibian Alsodes pehuenche, a severely threatened microendemic species. This study focuses on analyzing the diet of the salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss as a basis for understanding its interaction with the threatened amphibian. Methods included obtaining stomach contents from trout and determining diet items in the laboratory. The results indicate that O. mykiss feeds predominantly on macroinvertebrates belonging to 10 orders. The most abundant orders are Diptera, followed by Coleoptera and Trichoptera. O. mykiss takes advantage of a variety of prey available in its environment, making it an important predator within aquatic ecosystems. This baseline study provides information necessary to advance understanding of ecological interactions in high-altitude wetlands and support conservation measures to protect threatened native species.Los salmónidos, como especies exóticas invasoras, afectan a especies endémicas mediante predación, ocupación de hábitat y competencia por recursos tróficos. En el Valle Pehuenche solapan su hábitat con el del anfibio Alsodes pehuenche, una especie microendémica severamente amenazada. Este estudio se enfoca en analizar la dieta del salmónido Oncorhynchus mykiss como base para conocer la interacción con el anfibio amenazado. Los métodos incluyeron obtención de contenido estomacal de truchas y determinación de los ítems de la dieta en laboratorio. Los resultados indican que O. mykiss se alimenta predominantemente de macroinvertebrados, pertenecientes a 10 órdenes. Los órdenes que presentan mayor abundancia son los dípteros seguido por coleópteros y tricópteros. O. mykiss aprovecha una variedad de presas disponibles en su entorno, siendo depredadores importantes dentro de los ecosistemas acuáticos. Este estudio de base provee información necesaria para avanzar en la comprensión de las interacciones ecológicas en humedales de altura y apoyar las medidas de conservación para proteger a las especies nativas amenazadas
Remoción de metales pesados en efluentes ganaderos mediante el uso de microalgas inmovilizadas
Get PDFHeavy metal pollution in agro-industrial effluents is a major environmental threat. This study assessed the removal efficiency of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni, and As) using microalgae immobilized in calcium alginate. Three species, Chlorellla vulgaris, Chlorella sorokiniana, and Tetradesmus obliquus, were applied to a simulated livestock effluent enriched with critical metal concentrations. The treatments were tested at 30, 50, and 80 min. The results showed over 90% removal of lead and copper, with C. vulgaris and C. sorokiniana being the most effective. Contact time significantly influenced the removal rates, particulary at 80 min. Immobilization improved biosorbent handling and system stability. The final concentrations of Pb and As were below the legal discharge limits in Entre Ríos province, confirming the feasibility of this technique for effluent treatment. These findings support the use of immobilized microalgae in phycoremediation as a promising, efficient, and sustainable solution for treating industrial wastewater containing multiple heavy metals.La contaminación por metales pesados en efluentes agroindustriales representa una amenaza ambiental significativa. Este estudio evaluó la eficiencia de remoción de metales pesados (Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni y As) utilizando microalgas inmovilizadas en esferas de alginato de calcio. Se emplearon tres especies de microalgas: Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella sorokiniana y Tetradesmus obliquus, aplicadas sobre un efluente ganadero simulado con niveles críticos de metales. Los tratamientos se evaluaron a 30, 50 y 80 minutos de contacto. Los resultados mostraron eficiencias de remoción superiores al 90 % para plomo y cobre, destacándose C.vulgaris y C. sorokiniana. El tiempo de contacto fue determinante, con mayores remociones a 80 minutos. La encapsulación en alginato mejoró la estabilidad del sistema y facilitó la manipulación de la biomasa. Las concentraciones finales de Pb y As se ubicaron por debajo de los límites legales de la Provincia de Entre Ríos, evidenciando el potencial de esta tecnología para tratamientos de efluentes. Se concluye que la ficorremediación con microalgas inmovilizadas es una estrategia prometedora, eficiente y sostenible para la remediación de efluentes industriales con múltiples metales