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Traditional fermented rice beverage enriched with zinc, calcium and iron
Get PDFFermentation is a processing method passed on to us by our ancestors. Today, benefit of fermentation goes beyond preservation with the knowledge of probiotic organisms offering benefits to our gut health .The overall objective of the study was to develop a fermented rice beverage based on a traditional South Indian practice, enriched with micronutrients . The product incorporated ingredients such as sesame seeds rich in micronutrients iron, calcium and zinc and pumpkin seeds as a source of zinc and calcium along with red rice. The beverage was prepared by fermenting red rice with water and curd as a starter culture for 12 hours as the control(T0). Roasted pumpkin seed and sesame seed powders were incorporated in formulations as variation 1(5%), variation 2(10%), variation 3(15%). It was observed in sensory evaluation that V1 was the best accepted variation. Physiochemical analysis of V1 reveals pH 4.16±0.005 and acidity 0.1±0.01%. Micronutrient content of enriched rice biotic beverage was 0.235±0.001 mg/100ml zinc, 0.375±0.001 mg/100ml iron and 20±0.1 mg/100ml calcium. Micronutrient content was significantly increased (p<0.05) in V1 .Isolation of bacteria showed presence of potential probiotics, 12x106 CFU/ml in T0 and 31x106CFU/ml in V1. The study concluded that an acceptable enriched rice biotic beverage was developed.
Rice cakes of North-East region of India: A systematic review
Get PDFDocumentation is the chief approach for conserving indigenous traditional knowledge. Traditional foods form an integral part of the diets of indigenous people all over the world. The indigenous techniques for rice-based foods in the North-eastern region of India have not been documented systematically. The North-eastern region is made up of eight states: Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Manipur, each with its own food habits and social distinctiveness. Rice cakes are well-known in the North-east region and are mainly consumed during tea time, ceremonies, festivals, and other occasions. This study was performed through direct interview and observation, which signifies the distinct features in the preparation of rice cakes and the limitation of knowledge merely to domestic level. It also describes the techniques of rice cake production, which have few similarities among different states. This study recommends the need to upgrade, preserve, and document indigenous knowledge to promote rice cakes for better marketing and, more importantly, to attempt to conserve these products through general awareness. In addition, several health benefits of rice cake products have been discussed.
Preliminary studies on microbial induced corrosion of ferrous materials (EN-8 and 411143 steels) in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Get PDFAn electrochemical investigation was conducted to evaluate the corrosion behaviour of Iron alloys such as EN-8 and 411143 in absence and in presence of microbes Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Linear polarization technique was employed to measure the Polarization Resistance and corrosion rates of two different ferrous metal samples. Polarization resistance (Rp) values of EN-8 were initially higher in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans than the values of 411143. Growth rate of the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was more and sustained longer period with EN-8 in the presence of media than in the case of alloy ‘411143’. It was observed that there was a 1.5 fold increase in corrosion rate in both the cases of EN-8 and 411143 in the presence of bacteria.High corrosion rates were recorded with the steel 41143 rather than the En-8 with respect to the optical density of the microbes. It was concluded that EN-8 was exhibited high resistance to the microbial attack
Computer-Aided vaccine design for selected positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses
Get PDFSpontaneous mutations and lack of replication fidelity in positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses (+ssRNA virus) result in emergence of genetic variants with diverse viral morphogenesis and surface proteins that affect its antigenicity. This high mutability in +ssRNA viruses has induced antiviral drug resistance and ability to overcome vaccines that subsequently resulted in rapid viral evolution and high mortality rate in human and livestock. Computer aided vaccine design and immunoinformatics play a crucial role in expediting the vaccine production protocols, antibody production and identifying suitable immunogenic regions or epitopes from the genome sequences of the pathogens. T cell and B cell epitopes can be identified in pathogens by immunoinformatics algorithms and methods that enhance the analysis of protective immunity, vaccine safety, immunity modelling and vaccine efficacy. This rapid and cost-effective computational vaccine design promotes development of potential vaccine that could induce immune response in host against rapidly mutating pathogens like +ssRNA viruses. Epitope-based vaccine is a striking concept that has been widely employed in recent years to construct vaccines targeting rapidly mutating +ssRNA viruses. Therefore, the present review provides an overview about the current progress and methodology in computer-aided vaccine design for the most notable +ssRNA viruses namely Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus and Coronaviruses. This review also highlights the applications of various immunoinformatics tools for vaccine design and for modelling immune response against +ssRNA viruses
Using BiLSTM Structure with Cascaded Attention Fusion Model for Sentiment Analysis
Get PDFIn the last decade, sentiment analysis has been a popular research area in the domains of natural language processing and data mining. Sentiment analysis has several commercial and social applications. The technique is essential to analyse the customer experience to develop customer loyalty and maintenance through better assistance. Deep Neural Network (DNN) models have recently been used to do sentiment analysis tasks with promising results. The disadvantage of such models is that they value all characteristics equally. We propose a Cascaded Attention Fusion Model-based BiLSTM to address these issues (CAFM-BiLSTM). Multiple heads with embedding and BiLSTM layers are concatenated in the proposed CAFM-BiLSTM. The information from both deep multi-layers is merged and provided as input to the BiLSTM layer later in this paper. The results of our fusion model are superior to those of the existing models. Our model outperforms the competition for lengthier sentence sequences and pays special attention to referral words. The accuracy of the proposed CAFM-BiLSTM is 5.1%, 5.25%, 6.1%, 12.2%, and 13.7% better than RNN-LSTM, SVM, NB, RF and DT respectively
Multi-Fillers GFRP Laminated Composite Plates: Fabrication & Properties
Get PDFIt is a common practice to enhance the strength of composites; the constituent materials (fiber/matrix) are altered. Theaddition of filler materials such as graphene can fulfil the need. However, the cost of graphene limits its use as a commonfiller material. In this regard, some other substitutes of filler or scheme of material preparation needs to be explored. In thiswork, bi-directional woven E-glass fabric epoxy composite laminated plates (LCPs) are fabricated using the hand layuptechnique. Graphene and flyash is used as filler. Ten types of LCPs are fabricated by altering the fillers at the designatedfabric layer. Various thermal, mechanical, and physical tests are conducted. It is observed, the interfacial chemical bonding,load transfer between fiber and matrix and surface quality is affected due to the presence of fillers. LCPs with graphene havesuperior physical and mechanical properties than the LCPs of flyash filler. However, adding graphene in targeted layerswithout adding to whole LCP or functionally-grading through layers can also enhance the strength of LCPs, e.g., graphenewhen added in outer layers of LCP makes hydrophobic, hard and thermally stable along with increasing tensile and flexuralstrengths
Influence of Rotary Assisted Electrical Discharge Machining of 17-4PH StainlessSteel Using Taguchi Technique
Get PDFThe current investigation has study the material removal rate, surface roughness and electrode wear rate in rotary toolassisted EDM of 17-4 PH stainless steel. 17-4 PH SS has widely used in aerospace, marine, nuclear, and chemicalprocessing due to their characteristic high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance properties. This paper primarilyfocuses on enhancing the flushing efficiency of dielectric fluid in the EDM process and to improve the machiningperformance characteristics. A custom designed rotating electrode attachment has fabricated and used to assist with theEDM process. The experiments are designed and planned using Taguchi L27 Orthogonal array technique.The experimentsare planned for four input factors and each parameter is varied at three levels. Current, pulse on time, pulse off time andElectrode Rotation Speed are input factors. ANOVA test is conducted to find out the significance of factors and theirpercentage contribution on the performance characteristics like Material Removal Rate, Surface Roughness and ElectrodeWear Rate. The resultsconcluded that Electrode Rotation Speed has more influence on Material Removal Rate and ElectrodeWear Rate. An individual percentage and interaction percentage of parameters from ANOVA confirm that their effectsare higher in Material Removal Rate (MRR) compared to Surface roughness (Ra) and Electrode Wear Rate (EWR). Finally,surface morphology studies revealed that significantly less cracks and voids had formed on the EDM’ed sample at optimumcondition
Effect of Formability Process Parameters in Dynamic Strain Ageing Region ofAustenitic Stainless Steel
Get PDFThe consumption of Austenitic Stainless-Steel ASS 304 has been increasing recently in the outer body of Automobileapplications. Sheet Metal Forming is one of the processes used to convert ASS 304 sheet into an end product. ASS 304 hasgood ductility with the rise in temperature up to 450oC and later dynamic strain aging (DSA) in the temperature range 450-600oC. Formability studies of ASS 304 in the DSA region and the effect of process parameters like anisotropy and strainrate are investigated in the present paper. Stretch forming Investigations have been carried out at a temperature of 500oC intwo quasi-static strain rate ranges 1x 10-4 s-1 and 1x 10-1 s-1 concerning three orientations parallel (R0), diagonal (R45) andTransverse(R90) to Rolling Direction. The experiments were carried out at both the necking and fracture regions. Deformedspecimens' major and minor strains are measured to plot Fracture Forming limit Diagrams, strain distribution, and limitingDome height. Particular attention is given to the evaluation of strain rate and orientation of the sheet concerning rollingdirection on formability
Physico-Chemical Study on Heat Transfer Property of Iron Oxide Nanofluid
Get PDFThe analytical characterization of thermophysical properties of metal oxide nanofluid has got significant attention in thermal industries due to their high capability of reducing energy loss and enhancing the efficiency of machinery parts. The fascinating heat transfer characteristics of green modulated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) attain significant importance due to their wide range of diverse applications in different industries. In the current study, IONPs were successfully synthesized using an aqueous extract of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) leaves to evaluate its effective thermophysical properties in base fluid like water. The average particle size of 11nm IONPs with its nanofluid of various volume concentrations 0.01 to 0.05 with a different temperature range of 30°C to 50°C shows an enhancement in thermal conductivity of 34.08% compared to distilled water (base fluid). Different characterization technique like Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and particle size analyzer has been employed to get characteristic modification and formation of iron oxide nanoparticles. The experimentally measured values of thermal conductivity were compared with existing theoretical models for effective enhancement in thermophysical properties and the same was analyzed with the importance of green technique
Extensibility of External Magnetic Potential at High Latitudes - Antarctica
Get PDFWe investigated the external magnetic potential due to solar forcing, with nine years of data during 2001-2009, coveringthe deep solar minimum (2006-2009), at two stations: one is in the polar cap -Vostok (78º27'S, 106º52’E; mag. lat 83oS) andanother is in the subauroral region - Maitri (70º45'S, 11º43'E: mag. lat 67oS) in Antarctica. The significance of the work isassociated with space weather prediction and its impact on planet Earth. We used Advance Composition Explorer (ACE)satellite data for the aforesaid period for a thorough understanding of influences due to solar wind origin and to compare theparameter observed in these regions. We used the spherical cap harmonic analysis (SCHA) function as a tool. The inferenceindicates that at Vostok the magnitude is enhanced throughout and depicts a broad ambient external magnetic potential. Itseems to be essentially the intensification of the region 1 currents whereas at Maitri intense electric fields are producedduring geomagnetic perturbations which drive a system of disturbed time Region 2 currents over the quiet time currents.During this scenario in Maitri there are noticeable peaks or enhancements in the magnetic potential that can be observedmainly during geomagnetic disturbances. Hence the regression relation developed for external magnetic potentialcalculation, in terms of solar wind parameters agrees well with polar cap region and the area is relatively less exploredearlier, the present investigation can be expected to add knowledge about that regime