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Detection of COVID 19 using X-ray Images with Fine-tuned Transfer Learning
Get PDFRecently, COVID-19 infection has been spread to a wider human population worldwide and deemed a pandemic for its rapidity. The absence of medicine or immunization for the “COVID-19” illness, along with the requirement for early discovery and isolation of affected persons, is critical in reducing the risk of infection in healthy population. Blood specimens, or “RT-PCR” are primary screening technique for “COVID-19”. However, average positive “RT-PCR” is expected as 30 to 60%, leading to undiscovered infections and potentially endangering a broad population of healthy persons with infectious symptoms. With the quick examination approach, chest radiography as a common approach for identifying respiratory disorders is straightforward to execute. A board-certified radiologist indicated the presence of disease in these radiographs. Four transfer learning techniques to COVID-19 illness identification were trained using 2,000 X-rays: VGG-16, GoogleNet, ResNet, and SqueezeNet. The result of the experimental assessment shows that the VGG-16 network fine-tuned with Keras achieved sensitivity of 100% with specificity of 98.5% and accuracy of approximately 99.3%
Ru(II)/PEG-400: A green synthesis of indolyl-oxindoles and indolyl-cyclohexane-dione hybrids as potential antimicrobial agents
Get PDFA green and sustainable methodology has been successfully employed for the synthesis of 3-Indolyl-3-hydroxy oxindoles and 3-indolyl-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives using Ru(II)/PEG-400 as a homogeneous recyclable catalytic system from substituted isatin with indole and dimedone. Short reaction time, simple extraction procedure, substrate scope with high yield of the product, biodegradable solvent and recyclability of the catalyst without loss of its activity enhances the efficiency of the proposed protocol. The synthesized compounds are studied for their antimicrobial activity
Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by acridine orange in HCl solution: Electrochemical and weight loss studies
Get PDFThe inhibition effect of acridine orange (AO) on the corrosion of A105 carbon steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid has been investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss tests. Using polarization plots and corrosion rate calculations, it has been revealed that AO acts as an effective inhibitor. The results have showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration and A behaves as a mixed type inhibitor in HCl solution. Based on the data obtained from the EIS tests, it has been determined that the charge transfer resistance increased from 74.20 Ω.cm2 for blank solution to 250 Ω.cm2for 100 ppm of AO. Comparison of the results obtained from the three methods, have shown that the methods are in acceptable agreement. Investigation the effect of temperature in the range of 20-60 °C has indicated that the inhibition efficiency increased with temperature, so that at 40 and 60 °C, the inhibition efficiency would reach 90%. The thermodynamic parameters of steel dissolution including activation energy, standard enthalpy and entropy of activation have been calculated and discussed. It was also found, that the adsorption of AO on the steel surface has obeyed Langmuir isotherm and adsorption has been performed spontaneously
Effect of some fatty acids on apoptosis related genes in human breast cancer
Get PDFBreast cancer, the second most common cancer after lung cancer, is the most common cancer type diagnosed in women. No definitive treatment has been established for breast cancer yet, but essential fatty acids offer a promising option. Omega fatty acids are classified in the essential fatty acids that the body cannot produce and, therefore, must be taken through the foods of animal or plant origin. Although in the literature the omega fatty acids have been shown to exhibit significant positive effects in inhibiting various tumor types, their mechanism of action, the apoptotic pathways they employ, and the genes they control have not been clarified yet. In this study, various doses and combinations of omega-3 [Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and omega-6 [Linoleic acid (LA)] fatty acids were administered to human breast cancer MCF7 cell line for 24 h, and using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the protein expression levels of the following apoptosis-related genes were determined: phospho-p53 (Ser15), p53, Bad, phospho-Bad (Ser112), cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175), and cleaved PARP (Asp214). Even though there was no significant difference observed in the expressions of phospho-p53 (Ser15) and p53 at all doses, other protein expressions were found to increase significantly, suggesting that Omega-3 and -6 can mediate apoptotic pathway to induce cell death in breast cancer cells
Value of miR-15b-5p combined with ultrasound imaging in early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma
Get PDFRenal cancer is one of the most common malignancies, and its incidence is increasing year by year, second only to prostate and bladder cancers. Therefore, early screening is of great significance to prevent and improve the prognosis of patients with renal cancer. Therefore, this study intends to observe the early diagnostic value of miR-15b-5p combined with Colour ultrasound imaging in renal cell carcinoma. In this study, the clinical samples of 76 patients with renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by pathology in our hospital from April 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively collected as the research objects. Another 100 healthy people who underwent general physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected to detect the expression level of miR-15b-5 in serum by RT-PCR together with the 76 experimental samples. Colour ultrasound imaging was used to detect the blood flow distribution around and inside the kidney of the patients with renal cancer, and the parameters were measured and compared with the gold standard for statistical analysis. The expression level of miR-15b-5 in renal cell carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in control group. Most of them showed renal hamartoma (40.79%). Benign renal tumors were mainly characterized by type I and II blood flow, while malignant renal tumors were characterized by type III and IV blood flow. Compared with the pathological gold standard, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound imaging was founded to be about 81.25%. Further ROC analysis showed that ultrasound imaging combined with miR-15b-5 detection could effectively improve the early screening value of renal cell carcinoma. We observed that miR-15b-5 has a specific expression level in the serum of patients with renal cell carcinoma, and its combination with ultrasound imaging can significantly improve the early detection of renal cell carcinoma. This approach is envisaged to be highly useful for, early diagnosis, intervention and management of patients with renal cell carcinoma
Using a Novel Hybrid Krill Herd and Bat based Recurrent Replica to Estimate the Sentiment Values of Twitter based Political Data
Get PDFBig data is an essential part of the world since it is directly applicable to many functions. Twitter is an essential social network or big data replicating political information. However, big data sentiment analysis in opinion mining is challenging for complex information. In this approach, the Twitter-based political datasets are taken as input. Furthermore, the sentiment analysis of twitter-based political multilingual datasets like Hindi and English is not easy because of the complicated data. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel Hybrid Krill Herd and Bat-based Recurrent Replica (HKHBRR) to evaluate the sentiment values of twitter-based political data. Here, the fitness functions of the krill herd and bat optimization model are initialized in the dense layer to enhance the accuracy, precision, etc., and also reduce the error rate. Initially, Twitter-based political datasets are taken as input, and these collected datasets are also trained to this proposed approach. Moreover, the proposed deep learning technique is implemented in the Python framework. Thus, the outcomes of the developed model are compared with existing techniques and have attained the finest results of 98.68% accuracy and 0.5% error
QbD-based optimization of guar gum suspension medium for optimum pourability and sedimentation volume
Get PDFA stable, adequately pourable guar-gum suspension medium has been developed by using the QbD approach. For this, the QTPP is defined followed by its subset CMA (guar gum and sucrose concentration). The CQA are viscosity and sedimentation volume. The target range for viscosity is 99 - 101.3 cps and sedimentation volume 0.98-1 for preparing the optimized suspension. To achieve this optimization, the central composite design has been opted which would fit well to the quadratic model. The quadratic equations and the ANOVA results are validated. The analysis phase of graphical and numerical optimization suggested that 0.1g of guar-gum and 20g of sucrose can achieve an optimized viscosity and sedimentation volume suspension. This contour plots and surface plots are utilized to check the combined interaction of the variables. The checkpoint analysis reveal appropriate percentage variance, which signify the predictive ability of the developed model and validated the design for an optimum suspension. Further, scale-up and stability studies will verify the projected promising results which may be scaled up for its applications in pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries
Heat-setting parameters optimisation of cotton/elastane fabric using response surface methodology
Get PDFThe effect of heat-setting treatment on the performance of cotton/elastane fabric has been studied. Response surface methodology has been used to design the experiments where temperature (°C), time (s) and fabric width extension (%) are taken as factor variables. Fabric dimension (lengthwise and widthwise), fabric areal density and fabric tension decay are taken as response variables. The findings establish that the optimum heat-setting parameters are 190 °C temperature, 75 s process time and 13.5% width extension. It is necessary to optimise the heat-setting parameters to achieve better fabric dimensional stability, as overheating damages and deteriorates some of the elastane filaments, resulting in reduced recovery properties after a certain temperature point.
Assessment of Radioactivity in Textile Sludge Incorporated Bricks
Get PDFTextile sludge generated from the textile industry is potentially reused in manufacturing bricks. Radiological hazard to the environment while using any kind of new material in the construction industry needs to be predicted to ensure its safety for domestic use. This paper reports the effect of radiation from textile sludge-incorporated bricks. Primordial radionuclides such as Uranium- 238 (238U), Thorium- 232 (232Th), and Potassium- 40 (40K)., are present in raw materials used in the manufacturing of various building materials. In the present investigation, textile sludge-incorporated bricks were studied. It was observed that the content of 238U was less than 20.6 Bq/kg (Becquerel per kg), 232Th was less than 38.3 Bq/kg, and 40K less than 168 Bq/kg compared to the permissible limit of 32 Bq/kg, 45 Bq/kg and 420 Bq/kg respectively, as prescribed by UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation). The activity concentration of primordial radionuclides ranged between 48 Ba/kg to 88 Ba/kg, which was also well below the permissible limit of 370 Bq/kg. Parameters like internal and external hazards index, radium equivalent activity (Raeq), annual effective dose rates, and absorbed dose rates were investigated. The results of all these parameters obtained for sludge-incorporated bricks were found to be less than unity, the permissible limit declared by the UNSCEAR. The study concludes that the sludgeincorporated bricks do not pose any radiation hazard and are suitable for use as construction material
Influence of parameters on mechanical and micro-structural properties of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joint of 1 mm thin Inconel 625 plates
Get PDFInconel 625 (IN625), since its invention, has been a material of choice for industries where components in service conditions are exposed to extremely high temperatures, corrosion, and oxidation environments. As per the American welding society for butt-joining such alloys in sheets, non-traditional techniques are the best means for producing permanent joints. These techniques require high-cost setup and high maintenance costs which are only economical for high-volume assembly line fabrication in mass-production facilities. Therefore, Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is highly suitable for producing defect-free autogenous weldments in high-strength alloy sheets with a thickness below 3mm. The current work focuses on the experimental investigation of the TIG welding of Inconel 1mm sheets. In this work, mechanical properties and microstructure are studied for controlled heat input of TIG welding. Current is varied from 40A to 65A and voltage from 10V to 12V. Only three combinations of parameters show sound weld visually and are analyzed by performing various testing. The main objective of the study is to find the feasible process parameters for the micro joining of IN625 sheets. From this discussion, it appears that arc energy, welding current, and voltage significantly affect the quality of the weld