Online Publishing @ NISCAIR
Not a member yet
6870 research outputs found
Sort by
Territoriality and Jurisdiction in EU IP Law
Get PDFAlmost every type of intellectual property right is territorial in nature, and although in the EU some EU-wide unitary intellectual property rights exist, corresponding national rights also persist in most areas of intellectual property in the EU, and will continue so to do. The increasingly international nature of trade and the increasingly dematerialised nature of much content provision has meant that national courts in the EU and sometimes the Court of Justice of the EU, are ever more often called on to review how national courts should address questions of how the EU principles of jurisdiction apply to such national intellectual property rights
Three Dimensional Trade marks in the European Union
Get PDFThe registration of three dimensional trade marks for shapes is not uncommon in Europe. However, most such marks are for specially shaped packaging such as perfume bottles. Although such marks are not without their own difficulties shape marks in respect of the article itself or parts of it present much more difficulty, both in terms of registration and in resisting challenges to their validity. There are two reasons for this. The first is the difficulty in practice of showing that such marks are sufficiently distinctive, and the second is a set of provisions in EU trademark law that are specific to shape marks. Shape marks have always been a fertile source of case law but there has been even more activity than usual in 2014, with the Court of Justice considering for the first time certain aspects of those provisions that are specific to shape marks and with the General Court showing that despite the considerable hurdles that such marks can face they can sometimes proceed to grant and withstand third party challenge.
Topic modelling-based analysis of COVID-19 vaccine articles published in the preprint server MedRxiv
Get PDFTwo thousand one hundred and ninety-eight research publications on COVID-19 vaccines in MedRxiv preprintrepository during January 01, 2020 and December 31, 2021 were analyzed for topic modelling with unsupervised inferencemethod. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method was used to investigate the thematic structure of the preprints. It wasobserved that the published articles were related to either clinical trials or patient responses to vaccine or modelling forvarious applications such as infection transmission, vaccine allocation, vaccine hesitancy etc
Radiometric Traceability for Pyranometer Calibration Based on High Flux LEDs and Reference Detector
Get PDFThis article aims to establish a new system for pyranometer calibration traceable to the radiometric chain. Different spectrum high flux LEDs have been used as tunable irradiance sources. The calibration procedure, uncertainty budget, and traceability chain of the solar irradiance measurements are presented. Additionally, the results were evaluated using a reference pyranometer, calibrated traceable to radiometric traceability and World Radiometric Reference (WRR). The uncertainty values are also estimated to be around 1.19 % (k = 2) for LEDs-based pyranometer-pyranometer calibration (WRR traceability), and about 0.68 % ( k = 2 ) for reference standard radiometer based (Radiometric traceability). The deviation between the reference pyranometer and the pyranometer under test was about 0.8% using LED at 655nm for irradiance of 500 W/m2. The sensitivity results have been evaluated by reference standard pyranometer traceable to WRR using a xenon lamp as a solar source, with a deviation of about 1 %
Effect of the nitrile group in extraction and bulk liquid membrane transport of amino acids
Get PDFExtraction and transport of amino acids through a liquid membrane system is an emerging field of supramolecular as well as biomedical science. In this piece of work, series of podands are used with triethylene and tetraethylene glycol chains having benzonitrile (PBT3, PBT4), anthraquinone (PAT3, PAT4) and naphthyl (PNT3,PNT4) end groups. Extraction and transport studies performed with amino acids: glycine, valine and threonine using these receptors. From the results, it is observed that the extraction efficiency of PBT3 and PBT4 is double than PNT3 and PNT4 podands, and also transport ability is double in PAT3, and PAT4. Thus we conclude that the nitrile group-containing podands (PBT3 and PBT4) are better extractants as well as a carrier than PAT3, PAT4, PNT3, PNT4, in which nitrile groups is a key component for molecular recognition of glycine, valine, and threonine, which are further used in the separation of amino acids.
Electrical impedance analysis of ZnO thin films for ammonia gas sensors
Get PDFThe electrical impedance analysis of the ZnO films has been performed using complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz with temperature change from 70 to 175℃. Combined impedance and modulus plots have been used to analyse the sample behaviour as a function of frequency at different temperatures. Temperature dependence of ac conductivity indicates that the electrical conduction in the material is a thermally activated process. The frequency dependence of the ac conduction activation energy is found to obey a mathematical formula. It is concluded that the conductivity mechanism in the ZnO sensor is controlled by surface reaction. The operating temperature of the ZnO gas sensor is 175℃. The impedance spectrum also exhibited a decreased semicircle radius as the ammonia concentration is increased from 50 to 500 ppm. In addition, the impedance spectrum also exhibited a decreased semicircle radius with the exposure time increase from 0 to 20 min thereafter slightly increased. Impedance spectroscopy analysis has shown that the resistance variation due to grain boundaries significantly contributed to the gas sensor characteristics
Quantification of binder fibres in needle-punched nonwoven and its influence on physical-mechanical-functional properties of an air filter media
Get PDFA nonwoven filter (viscose fibres) with an optimal design has been developed by controlling the binder fibres (fibres in the vertical direction) in the needle-punched nonwoven. Box and Behnken design in conjunction with 3D surface analysis has been used to study the effect of punch density, needle penetration depth and stroke frequency, considering the percentage of binder fibres in the overall structure on thickness, tenacity, air permeability and filtration efficiency of the filter. In this work, all the above properties are explained in the light of the considered structural index ‘percentage of binder fibres’. It is observed that the percentage of binder fibres increases with the increase of all three considered punching parameters. The thickness and tenacity are found to be decreased and increased respectively, with the increase of binder fibre percentage. The air permeability initially decreases and then increases with the increase in the percentage of binder fibres, whereas the filtration efficiency shows the opposite trend
Indigenous technical knowledge on the medicinal uses of natural resins and gums in India
Get PDFIndia has a rich heritage of species biodiversity. Many plant species and their products, especially resins and gums, have been used by people through Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) to cure several ailments, including complex diseases, for ages. Due to the probable side effects of modern drugs, the trend for using traditional medicines is increasing. Natural resins and gums (NRGs), which are mostly exudated from plants to heal their injuries, comprise a balance of nutrients, energy, and various phytoactive compounds and hence possess high medicinal values. It is required to document know-how related to the use of herbal products so that they can be scientifically established for exploring their potential. This review discusses the medicinal benefits of important natural resins and gums to highlight their potential and popularity as a medicine.
Optimization of the basic formulation of traditional molasses cream using D-optimal mixture design based on textural characteristics
Get PDFMolasses cream, which is a blend of Sanliurfa butterfat and grape molasses, is one of the traditional food products of South-eastern Anatolia. Since emulsion is not formed in traditional molasses cream, phase separation occurs over time. The molasses cream formulation was modified with the addition of soy lecithin as an emulsifying agent to prevent phase separation in this study. D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the basic formulation of the molasses cream according to textural analysis. As a result, the best mixture was the formulation that contained 29.76% anhydrous butterfat, 67.74% molasses and 2.50% lecithin with desirability equal to 0.947. The optimized molasses cream, which had a slightly bright and brownish colour approved by the panellists, gained a high score (>7.0) in terms of odour, flavour, mouthfeel, appearance and overall acceptability. The low free fatty acidity, peroxide and TBARs value indicated that the heating and mixing treatments did not cause significant oxidation in the oil phase.
Endemic and endangered ethno-herbal medicinal climber of Darjeeling hills (Edgaria darjeelingensis C.B. Clarke) is a treasure of anti-cancer molecules: A study on GC-MS analysis and probable biosynthetic pathways
Get PDFCarcinogenesis, oncogenesis or tumourigenesis is a complex biomolecular mechanism that could progressively transform normal cells to malignant forms. Proper diet constituting natural fruits and vegetables enriched in bioactive components can reduce the risk factors of several forms of human cancer and other critical ailments. Endemic and endangered Cucurbitaceous climber of Darjeeling hills, Herpetospermum darjeelingense (C.B. Clarke) H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner [Edgaria darjeelingensis C.B. Clarke] is a repository of bioactive anti-cancer metabolites as depicted by the presence of fourteen anti-carcinogenic molecules explored via GC-MS analysis, which could potentially minimize the threats of various forms of cancer. The anti-cancer compounds cover about 79.22% of total GC-MS area percentage out of the total thirty four compounds detected. The explored cellular biosynthesis pathway of these anti-carcinogenic metabolites seems to follow a systemic metabologenesis pattern that may be required for the day-to-day survival of the plant and not a mere chance factor, which could have stressed the plant to produce those biochemical molecules. Isolation, pharmaceutical screening of these compounds and their medical application can revolutionise the dimension of the global cancer research in the near future.