Online Publishing @ NISCAIR
Not a member yet
6870 research outputs found
Sort by
Need for Invention in the Taxation Regime of Patents
Get PDFThe patent system was introduced with the motto of ensuring the furtherance of science and technology for the benefit of society. When compared with other Intellectual Property (IP), the patent has a different dimension that is of technology transfer, and the same has been playing a vital role in domestic and international trade and commerce. Every event of commercialising patent attracts economic returns to the patentee as well as the country where it is registered, retained and commercialised. Thus, merely having inventor friendly ecosystem without foreseeing to retain the registered patents in India for commercialisation to the fullest extent will not favour the developmental goals of the nation. In this context, the paper examines the Indian Taxation regime for the taxing events of patents, both under direct and indirect taxes, and their conduciveness for the effective promotion of creation, retention and commercialisation of IP in India. This paper also compares the taxation of patents in other jurisdictions with India and recommends a favourable tax regime for patents which would incentivise innovation and consequent commercialisation leading to the advancement of the nation
Role of herbs at the crossroads of metabolic syndrome and mental illness
Get PDFThe potential use of herbs in treating and managing comorbidities is emerging. Mental illnesses (MIs) are a widespread cause of distress and dysfunction and substantially impact one's quality of life. While the precise reason for the onset of mental illness is elusive, several chronic health complications, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), affect an individual's well-being. Thus, it is beneficial to identify the intercepts and explore the role of herbs in combating MetS-associated MIs or vice versa. This study explores the relationship between Mets and mental illness and assesses which herbs may have properties that benefit both conditions. The research design and selection process were done among the mental disorder individuals with two sets of keywords and expanded controlled vocabulary phrases, nine databases for systematic literature searches, critical assessment of the papers obtained, and meta-analysis. Our findings suggest that the excess levels of inflammatory cytokines such as C-reactive protein, interleukin, and leptin resistance in MetS strongly correlate with MIs such as depression. The resulting cross-sectional pooled odds ratio was 1.75 (95% CI 1.60-1.92), indicating a strong relationship between Mets and MIs. This study provides an essential theoretical foundation for therapeutic options and prospective intervention methods for comorbid Mets and mental illness. Some herbs have a relevant effect in treating both cases, broadening the breadth of knowledge to guide future research on this topic
Formulation and evaluation of Buccal mucoadhesive tablets of diclofenac sodium using 23 factorial designs
Get PDFDiclofenac sodium is an NSAID (Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory widely used in the treatment of pain, migraine, and inflammation). It has been observed that Diclofenac undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism when administered using conventional dosage forms through the oral route. The aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate pre-compression, post-compression factors and release kinetics of buccal mucoadhesive tablets formulated by a 23 factorial method that can prevent the first-pass metabolism of the drug thereby increasing its bioavailability. This formulation increases patient compliance by reducing its dosing frequency. In these formulations, two polymers polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP K30) and Chitosan are used in varying proportions. Eight different formulations were prepared by varying concentrations of the polymers. The buccal mucoadhesive tablets formulated have been evaluated for their general appearance, thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability and other in vitro tests such as swelling and dissolution studies. The evaluation studies demonstrated that formulation F8 showed better properties as a buccal mucoadhesive formulation compared to other formulations
Ground Water Quality Assessment and Hydrogeological Scenario of Twin City Durg-Bhilai, Chhattisgarh State
Get PDFGroundwater quality varies due to variation in climatic conditions, contact time of water with host rock and inputs from soil during percolation of water. The contaminations of the ground water by industrial effluent and domestic sewage sources are alarming in several parts of the country. The ground water as well as surface water is seriously deteriorated due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. The present study was conducted to assess the suitability of ground water and key contamination issues of the study area. The present study was conducted during May 2021 with the collection of around 44 samples in the Durg-Bhilai area of the Chhattisgarh State. The collected water samples were analyzed for 16 basic parameters and 6 heavy metals as per the standard methods of analysis and results were compared with BIS drinking water standard 2012. The analytical result reveals that the most of the analyzed constituents are within the BIS prescribed limits and are fit for the drinking purpose. Majority of ground water of Bhilai-Durg twin city belongs to the calcium magnesium bicarbonate (Ca-Mg-HCO3) type and suitable for various uses like drinking, agriculture etc. However high content of nitrate, iron and manganese occurred in few of the ground water samples in the study which is discussed in this paper. Ground water is mostly neutral to mild alkaline in nature. Nitrate contamination in ground water is main problem observed in the Bhilai- Durg twin city. Exceptionally high fluoride, Iron and Manganese concentration is observed in few locations. Ground water mostly suitable for drinking and irrigation purpose in Bhilai- Durg twin city of the central India
Antimicrobial performance of methanol extract of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. as a sanitizer agent
Get PDFIn food industry, microbial contamination poses a big challenge. Chemicals used for disinfection compromise food safety and therby health. ofThere is an urgent need for effective safe sanitizers for the inhibition of pathogens in agricultural and food products. In this context, here, we investigated the possibility of using the Foeniculum vulgare methanol extract (ME) in the fight against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans as natural a sanitizer agent candidate. The components of F. vulgare ME were analyzed by GC-MS. Broth microdilution method and Surface disinfection test were used for antimicrobial activity and logarithmic inhibition, respectively. The main substances were anethole (50.44%), estragole (13.59%) and benzoic acid (13.58%). Minimum ınhibitory concentrations (MICs) of F. vulgare were 0.1 g/mL for S. aureus and C. albicans while it was >0.1 g/mL for E. coli. In surface disinfection test which investigated the survival of E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans exposure to F. vulgare sanitizer (F-SAN: 10%), F. vulgare at 50, 100 and 150 μL caused an almost 8-log reduction in E. coli in clean condition (0.3 g/mL BSA). In S. aureus, 150 μL of F. vulgare caused about 4.8 and 4.7 log reduction in clean and dirty surface (3 g/mL BSA), respectively. The highest colony reduction was in C. albicans with ˃4.93 log reduction in both environments. The results suggest that F. vulgare methanol extract could be a strong natural sanitizer against pathogens
Power Forecasting in Photovoltaic System using Hybrid ANN and Wavelet Transform based Method
Get PDFSolar energy is a sustainable, renewable energy which is a part of latest industry standards of operation in line with industry 4.0. Solar power variability leads to fluctuation and uncertainty in Photovoltaic (PV) output power. It is a significant issue with regard to the high penetration of PV power generation. The solar irradiance is affected by weather conditions, and varies with geographical locations. Accurate PV power output forecasting is essential for the planning and scheduling alternate sources of conventional power. In this paper we propose a frequency domain approach for forecasting of short-term PV output power. The wavelet transform allows identification of periodic components with time localization, whereas the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique allows us to model the non-linearities in the PV time series. In this paper, PV power data for the city Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh is forecasted. Numerical simulations show that the proposed forecasting method for PV power output, shows a significant increase in accuracy over other similar methods. The root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error for the proposed method are also calculated and compared with state-of-the art methods for PV power forecasting
Sustainable and Short-range Communication Techniques for Smart Industry Environment
Get PDFThe industries of the future, call for unprecedented flexibility whereas, the communication technology intervention is the best solution. For sustainable development goals in industry automation demand Dedicated Short-range Communication (DSRC) with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). One of these systems' view point is the regular dissemination of safety messages. Integrating this technology with the existing Industry automation is a technical challenge. Integration also involves in imparting intelligence through digitalization of communication. With a cost of overhead power, Error Controlling Codes (ECC) provides a reliable and error-free DSRC communication system. In this paper, low power and secure digital VLSI architecture is presented to meet the sustainable integrated communication technology on chip circuitry for industry 4.0. The circuit's performance is measured in Cadence utilizing 18 nm FinFET-based ECRL adiabatic logic. The design provides maximum power savings of 99.49% over reported values for CMOS and 99.41% for pass transistor implementation. The adiabatic logic circuits constructed with ECRL are shown to have consistent peak current traces and hence can survive differential power analysis (DPA) attacks, resulting in improved circuit security
Synthesis of some new isoxazole-piperidine-1,2,3-triazoles as in vitro anticancer agents
Get PDFThe synthesis of some new isoxazole-piperidine-1,2,3-triazoles (4a-4j) have been achieved using Sharpless Cu(I) catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition as a key approach. The in vitro anticancer screening of all the compounds against four human cancer cell lines including MCF-7, HeLa, A549 and IMR32 has revealed that the compounds 4c and 4f exhibited promising activity against all the cell lines as compared to etoposide. Rest of the compounds have shown good to zero activity against specific cell line when compared with the positive control. Predominantly, the compound 4c is showing superior activity against IMR32 which posses IC50 value 3.2±0.3 mM
Synthesis, characterization and fungicidal activity of novel 2-aminopyrimidine Schiff bases
Get PDF2-Aminopyrimidines represents vital class of bioactive molecules where its structural changes would lead to its peculiar properties. N-heterocyclic compound i.e. 2-aminopyrimidine had wide range of applications in pharmacological, material chemistry and agriculture as antifungal, antimicrobial and antibacterial agents. 2-Aminopyrimidine and its derivatives are good candidates for antimicrobial, antifungal and anticorrosion activity. In the present study, a series of substituted N-benzylidine-2-aminopyrimidine compounds have been synthesized by condensation reaction of 2-aminopyrimidine with substituted benzaldehydes (o-chloro, m-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehye, syringaldehyde, o-phthaldehyde, isovanillin benzaldehyde, veratraldehyde and thiophene-2-carboxyaldehyde) using glacial acetic acid or NaOH (40%). The synthesised Schiff bases have been characterized using UV, IR, 1H NMR and 13C spectral studies. 2-Aminopyrimidine Schiff bases (1-10) have been examined for fungitoxicity on the growth of Fusarium verticillioides, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina using poisoned food technique
Novel reactions and mechanism of -HN-N= azole derivatives with DMSO
Get PDFThe reaction mechanism of –NH-N= azole derivatives and sulfur ketones derivatives is reported. The reaction mechanism is suitable for the synthesis of azole compounds containing thio-function. The free-mediated reaction mechanism of –NH-N= azole and DMSO is not agree with Pummerer rearrangement reaction. Some new ethyl 5-(arylamino)-2-[(methylthio)methyl]-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate 6a-j have been synthesized by 5-amino-1-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-4-caroxylic acid ethyl ester 4a-j and DMSO. The new compounds have been characterized by 1H NMR, MS, IR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction