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Scope of Technological Intervention in the Sector of Traditional Indian Milk Products Industry for Sustainable Rural Development
Get PDFThe entrepreneurial activities related to the vast sector of traditional Indian milk products and milk sweets effectuate the holistic development module fulfilling the concept of economic viability, technological feasibility, social obligation, cultural necessity and above all ecological balance. Despite robust growth and plenteous milk production, this informal sector of dairy products and sweetmeats is facing unprecedented challenges on multiple fronts. The major identified problems include non-availability of the packaging system, lack of proper handling and processing of raw material and finished products, inconsistent product quality, shortage of modern equipment, and inadequate arrangement of effluent handling. Milk and traditional Indian milk products are extremely perishable. With the ever-increasing cost of production, this sector being vast and unorganized has become increasingly vulnerable and can have far-reaching prejudicial consequences if protective technological measures are not employed at grassroots level. The pressure driven membrane processing system can bring a sea change to this industry from higher yields to a reduction in the cost of handling, storage and transportation. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), solar energy and business digitization are ready to open new vistas. The urgent necessity indicates concentrated efforts to pool, evaluate, preserve and motivate traditional practices, knowledge and wisdom coupled with selective uses of modern technological advancement in order to bring paradigm shift and inclusive growth
Identification of the indigenous pest control methods adopted in jhum fields of Mokukchung district, Nagaland
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to document the various indigenous pest control methods in jhum fields in controlling pests. The data was collected from Mokokchung district taking 6 villages from a sample of 120 farmers practicing jhum cultivation. A total of 10 common adopted ITKs were documented, validated and triangulated. These includes seed preservation (1), crop protection from insect-pest and disease (7), crop protection from birds (1) and sowing time (1). A majority of the farmers (96.67%) perceived the indigenous pest control methods as effective in controlling the pests in the jhum fields. For the farmers in Mokukchung, jhum is a way of life and is to stay considering the socio-cultural institutions embedded with this practice along with the ITKs, their associated beliefs and perceived effectiveness.
Investigation of bioclimatic design features in vernacular architecture of Northeast India: Case studies of Assam-type houses and stilt houses (Chang Ghar) in Assam, India
Get PDFBioclimatic design features in the buildings are based on surrounding geography and climate to create comfortable and healthy spaces. These features are observed in the vernacular architecture styles across the regions of India. Various bioclimatic design strategies are also observed in Northeast India; however, they are less focused when compared to other regions of India. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate bioclimatic features in the vernacular architecture of Northeast India, wherein it focuses on two typologies, i.e., Assam-type house and Stilt houses (Chang Ghar). A qualitative analysis based on the site surveys was done to identify bioclimatic features used in the two selected typologies. The parameters selected to investigate bioclimatic features include the type of construction materials and methods used; the spatial arrangement of spaces; orientation and layout of the building; wall thickness; nearby open spaces; vegetation and water bodies; openings and ventilation; window to wall ratio; plinth height; design and material of shading devices; structure, height, and material of ceiling, any other special features. Overall, the results indicated that Assam-type houses and stilt houses are highly responsive to the local climate, utilizes locally available materials (bamboo, wood, and mud), and reflects the living style, customs, and socio-economic conditions. The outcome of this qualitative study was the identification of multiple bioclimatic features observed in both typologies. The recommendations from this study can act as a reference for designing buildings that shall promote sustainable built environments as per United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 11 (Sustainable cities and communities)
Ethnobotanical knowledge as booster to Make in India campaign for agriculture and pharma sectors
Get PDFIndia is a mega-biodiversity rich country comprising a vast traditional knowledge on use of plants and their products in ancient agriculture as well as pharmaceutical sectors. The country needs bioprospection of Indian flora and ethnobotanically important plants for novel formulations to be used in agricultural pest management as well as in cure of different human diseases, thereby, boosting green chemicals based substances as an important component under the Make in India campaign.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Persicaria maculosa aqueous extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats
Get PDFThe consolidated hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant activity of Persicaria maculosa Gray were assessed against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) instigated hepatic harm in Wistar albino rats. Aqueous extract of P. maculosa at a dosage of 400 mg kg-1. Every 14 days, a portion of one's body weight was administered orally. The generously raised serum marker catalysts for example, ALT, ALP, AST, total bilirubin and the cell reinforcement proteins, for instance, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase were discovered as a result of CCl4 treatment. Following administration of plant extract, the levels of the previously mentioned enzymes were brought close to approaching regularity. At a dose of 100 mg/kg, silymarin was used as a standard reference drug in the study. The results of this study demonstrated unequivocally that Persicaria maculosa has a potent hepatoprotective effect in rats against CCl4-induced hepatic damage. Histopathological changes were also seen in livers of animals that received drugs. Simultaneous organization of silymarin altogether diminished the medications-induced biochemical and histological changes toward normalcy.
Core Loss Study of Different Structures of Terfenol-D Rods
Get PDFthe hysteresis, eddy current, and coil resistance losses of the six Terfenol-D rods. The loss factors of the rods werecalculated and analyzed. Furthermore, three structures of Terfenol-D rods were manufactured, and the loss factors of therods were measured. The results showed that an untreated rod had the largest hysteresis and eddy current losses on the outerdiameter surface, and the overall hysteresis loss of the rod was the smallest. Compared with the untreated rod, the eddycurrent and hysteresis losses on the outer diameter surface of sliced and slit rods reduced, the overall hysteresis loss of slicedand slit rods increased, and the overall eddy current loss of sliced rods reduced; the hysteresis and eddy current losses on thesurface of the sliced rods were less than that of the slit rods, and the overall eddy current loss of the sliced rods was less thanthat of the slit rods; moreover, the eddy current loss of each rod was larger than its hysteresis loss. The numerical calculationvalues of the coil resistance loss basically agreed with the theoretical calculation values. The finite element simulationcalculation values of the loss factors of the Terfenol-D rods agreed with the experimental test values
Association between the organic cation transporter 3 methylation and hepatocellular carcinoma
Get PDFHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world and has a high death rate in the world. This research while examining the expression of OCT3 at the mRNA level has also studied gene methylation profile in patients with HCC in comparison with people without HCC. The volunteers were: patients with HCC (n=81) and a healthy control group (n=90). The expression of OCT3was studied using the qRT-PCR method. The methylation profile was evaluated by genomic DNA using methylation specific PCR (MSP) method. The expression level of OCT3 marker mRNA in patients has decreased significantly compared to healthy individuals (0.58 ± 0.311 vs 1.20 ± 0.355, P <0.001). No significant statistical relationship was found between demographic data and OCT3 expression in participants (P >0.05). The amount of methylation (UM + MM) in cancer patients has raised vs controls (P <0.001) and has increased the risk of cancer (OR=0.379, 95% CI=1.171-2.839, P <0.001, and OR=2.727, 95% CI=1.251-5.945, P <0.001, respectively).Changes in OCT3 levels appear to be associated with HCC. Also, changing the methylation pattern of this gene can reveal HCC pathology
Piezoelectric Smart Material Based Self-Charging Supercapacitor
Get PDFIn order to meet the demand for an alternative source of energy, researchers are conducting a focused research-based study. This is due to the ongoing growth and breakthroughs in the development of self-charging (SC) supercapacitors. Numerous research-based studies have been published in the recent years, and numerous fabrication methods for piezoelectric material-based self-charging supercapacitors have been used (SCPSCs). Due to their efficiency in energy conversion, storing, and harvesting, SCPSCs are becoming more and more common. A wonderful method has been developed that combines two devices (energy storage and energy harvesting) into a single SC supercapacitor in order to meet the demands of the energy deficit. This is accomplished using the two separate independent units, a piezoelectric nanogenerator and a Li-ion battery. These two are employed in the process of electrically transforming mechanical energy into chemical energy and storing the same. This integrating technology has a wide range of applications in monitoring devices, SC devices (i.e., wearable electronics), and at the micro- and macroscale. The present study is a modest attempt to inform readers about recent developments in SCPSCs by reviewing these developments in SCPSCs, their mechanisms, the piezoelectric phenomena, and their fabrication techniques. In terms of design, fabrication, and materials employed, several difficulties, restrictions, and future research directions have also been outlined