Open Science Journal (OSJ)
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An environmentally viable helmet design using low impact material
Get PDFIn utilizing Young’s Modulus to determine the elasticity of a material as well as the protecting structure of the human brain, we experimented with various materials to find the most inelastic material that would allow for maximum protection of the brain. Due to the low Young’s Modulus Value presented in Agarose Gel and Silica Aerogel, these would be viable options for a thin, viscous layer of protection inside the helmet. Using an impact car to mimic a head-on collision, we tested agarose gel, silica aerogel, polystyrene, and wood by measuring acceleration and the time duration with the Arduino Science Journal. The objective was to find which material would be the most viable options to create an environmentally safe alternative to polystyrene while maintaining the integrity of the helmet during a collision. Both Silica Aerogel and Agarose Gel had similarity to polystyrene while being a much more environmentally viable option due to their ability to decompose quickly. Agarose Gel is less favorable because it dries up quickly, requires heat to activate, and is prone to breaking. Silica Aerogel is the best option to make the football helmet protectant because it is extremely light, a thermal insulator, and is less prone to breakage
The impact of underrepresentation in cardiovascular trials on minorities in the United States
Get PDFIn the United States a great underrepresentation of minorities in cardiovascular trials was registered. This brings a lot of harm to their health because underrepresentation does not give them the possibility to develop the right knowledge to treat them in the best way possible. In addition, minorities in the United States are more likely to have a low socioeconomic status and not be able to afford health insurance and access care. This issue leads to minorities having higher Cardiovascular Disease mortality and risk factors rates than White people. Disorders like Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia, Obesity, and Diabetes are more prevalent among minorities especially because of their low socioeconomic status and less access to continuous care. Over the past years, the situation was tried to improve, but without any success. Despite the approval of guidelines, many researchers do not even report the patients’ races, not allowing them to have a vivid portrait of the situation. Economic reasons prevent researchers from recruiting minorities and mainly psychosocial factors, like mistrust or fear, and racism do not encourage minorities to participate in trials. Many can be the solutions for these problems, from investing more money to giving remunerations to participants. Furthermore, new and more inclusive recruitment strategies are needed, like the use of social media platforms. A rapid change is extremely necessary. Minorities are growing fast and many of them are not insured, have no access to primary care, and are more likely to die from Cardiovascular Disease
Water quality evaluation in selected coastal rivers of Tanzania using Water Quality Index
No full textQuality of water in Zigi, Pangani, Ruvu, Wami, and Kizinga rivers used as drinking water sources in Tanzania was assessed using water quality index (WQI). Most geochemical water parameters in rivers deviated negatively, indicative of meeting legal specifications. However, total dissolved solids (TDS) in Ruvu River, total suspended solids (TSS) in Wami and Zigi rivers, dissolved oxygen (DO) in Pangani, Zigi, and Kizinga rivers, ammonia in Wami River, and turbidity in Wami, Zigi, and Kizinga rivers deviated positively, indicating that they are responsible for water quality changes in rivers. Higher aquatic environment index values in Wami, Pangani, Zigi, and Kizinga rivers are indicative of relatively good water environment, and vice versa in Ruvu River, indicative of anthropogenic activities. WQI indicated that quality of water in these rivers ranged from good (Pangani River) to polluted (Zigi River), while other rivers were between this range. Frequent water quality monitoring campaigns are needed
A study on the effectiveness and adherence to mask mandates in stores in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
No full textThe Governor of North Carolina requires people to wear face coverings in most public settings to curb the spread of COVID-19. Stores in Greensboro, North Carolina responded to the new executive order which strengthened the mask mandate. Every store in requires all customers to wear face masks while shopping to protect the health and safety of everyone. However, the extent to which shoppers adopted this recommendation was uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine if Greensboro shoppers adhered to the mask mandate signs in local stores. We used direct observations of shoppers (n=2,520) in stores to assess face covering use in June 2020. We found that over 25% of shoppers were seen without face masks and the odd of shoppers not wearing face masks increased significantly (P<0.05) in the evenings. A significantly (P<0.05) greater number of males (58.3%) were seen not wearing face masks than females (41.6%). The findings suggest that not all shoppers adhered to Greensboro’s Mayor, Nancy Vaughan, emergency proclamation to reinforce Governor Cooper’s Executive Order requiring face coverings in public places. This is the first direct observational study evaluating the effectiveness and the adherence to mask mandates in Greensboro, North Carolina. North Carolina is probably rated as a high risk for COVID-19 infection because there is not full compliance with the mask mandates. Future directions from this study include visiting more stores during the Spring, Summer, and Fall and examining the reasons why some individuals choose not to wear face masks in public places.Keywords: Face masks, COVID-19, Greensboro, Stores, Males, Females
Description of physical status and definition of wave function and derivation of Klein-Gordon Lagrangian using new mathematical 4 rules and deviation from the shortest path of fermion
Get PDFIn this paper 4 new rules of mathematics will be applied to describe the movement status of such a particle like boson and fermion and derive Klein-Gordon Equation. In the first section, the 4 rules themselves are defined and explained. In the next section, the 4 rules are applied to Einstein’s special relativity by an example. In the next section, the 4 rules are used to define fermion’s wave function using the shortest path and deviation from them. Finally, using definition of Energy and momentum, Klein-Gordon Lagrangian which can be used to derive Klein-Gordon Equation is derived using above 4 rules
Aerosol blocking assessment by different types of fabrics for homemade respiratory masks: spectroscopy and imaging study
Get PDFObjectives: Due to the crisis in protective equipment caused by a pandemic, it generates needs for equipment rationing among professionals working in the health area, with the need for many health professionals to use homemade masks. Therefore, this is a comparative study regarding the relative efficiencies of commercial respiratory masks (medical masks) and homemade fabric masks.Methods: A liquid aerosol line was created that passes through a chamber with 6 optical windows that allows the fixation of tissue or masks in the aerosol flow. The measures used two spectroscopic techniques that made it possible to relate the amount of aerosols with the scattering of light..Results: Fabrics with a higher percentage of cotton, and a greater number of layers and more closed wefts proved to be more efficient in blocking aerosols, however, fabrics without treatments obtained results far below the real needs of professionals working in the health area, with efficiency below 75% for liquid aerosols among the tissues tested.Conclusion: Homemade masks prove to be effective in reducing the spread of the virus among ordinary citizens in past infections, the efficiency of homemade masks is very low for health professionals who are directly exposed to the biological agent, so, it is necessary for public administrations to seek new alternatives with greater efficiency for this type of professional during the absence of surgical masks and n95
Behaviors of Yahisuli’s Parents in Early Childhood Immunization in 2018
Get PDFThis descriptive cross-sectional study aims to determine factors associated with Yahisuli's parents' behaviors in early childhood immunization in 2018. To collect data, we used a questionnaire administered to a non-probability convenience sample of 96 parents of children 0-11 months of age. Descriptive analysis allowed us to compare our results with previous work. We recorded an average age of 32.8 years and a male/female sex ratio of 1.3. More than 95% of the parents went to school, of which 58.5% have a high school education. The birth rank of the last child ranged from 3 to 5 with a sex ratio of 1.3 in favor of males. Nearly 15% of children have not been fully vaccinated. In this work, 55 out of 96 parents bring their children to a health facility to be vaccinated to ensure their protection (76.4%) and prevention against infectious diseases (47.3%). On the other hand, 42% do not adhere to vaccination because of ignorance, fear due to children's incessant crying after vaccination, adverse post-immunization events. When it came to vaccines, several misunderstandings were raised. These corroborate rumors observed under other skies. Thus, a descriptive and analytical study on the epidemiological surveillance of adverse effects of vaccines is indispensable in the province of Tshopo
Sexual dimorphism of viscerocranium-A logistic model
Get PDFIntroduction: Sex estimates are generally based on the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative aspects of anatomic structures, however, the latter has better reproducibility and reliability. Objective: Aiming to evaluate the viscerocranium as a tool for sexual prediction and verify the possibility of creation of a logistic regression model for sexual prediction. Materials and Methods: 167 craniums - 100 male and 67 female between 22 and 85 years old from a Brazilian university´s Biobank - were evaluated. Results: It was observed that of the measures carried out were presented as sexually dimorphic, except for the measures of the right frontozygomatic point – right zygion; left frontozygomatic point – left zygion. Besides, it was possible to create a logistic regression model Sex = [logits/Sex = -24.5 + (0.20 * Nasion - Naso spine) + (0.18 * Right zygion - Naso spine)]. Conclusion: It was concluded that the measures of the viscerocranium present themselves as a factor of sexual dimorphism and the quantitative method developed was 81.4% accurate
Characterization and Digital Signal Integrity Analysis of PHEMTs using an Eye Diagram
Get PDFDigital Performance analysis of high electron devices used in microwave communication systems is crucial for ensuring their suitability to ever-increasing high-speed data rate applications. This study aims at characterizing a 0.5x200μm dimension pseudomorphic heterojunction transistor and studying the effect of the device characteristics on various parameters of digital bit streams. It has been found that while the device can be predicted to be suitable for a wide range analog bandwidth application however digital application can be satisfactory only in a narrower range only and that a correlation has been established between digital bit rate and various small signal parameters of the device
Lupus Nephritis; Pathogenesis and Treatment Update Review
Get PDFLupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LN is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. LN presents with various symptoms and signs, ranging from asymptomatic renal involvement to End-Stage Renal Failure (ESRD). The pathogenesis of LN is not clearly understood, however, there are extra and intra-renal underlying factors that have been postulated in LN pathogenesis. Renal biopsy is crucial to stage LN and to rule out other causes. Histopathological studies have shown six different types of LN. Knowing the histopathological lesion, chronicity and the disease activity are essential to plan the LN treatment and to predict the outcome. There are different regimens for treating LN. In this review, LN pathogenesis and new advances in treatment will be briefly reviewed