Open Science Journal (OSJ)
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Behavior of scientific production on severe acute respiratory syndrome
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the dispersion of journals and scientific collaboration on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, available on the Web of Science. Methods: Bibliometric study that analyzed the production of documents available on the Web of Science, from 1989 to 2020. Results: 1623 documents were retrieved, distributed in 538 journals. The average production per year was 55.9. The average production per author was 1.73. The Nursing category contributed 17 (1.04%) documents, with Virology being the largest contribution 324 (19.96%). China led the ranking with 640 publications (39.43%). Conclusion: The data presented demonstrate the high level of interest of the scientific community in the subject. It was possible to identify 82 authors composing an Elite group of Authors, whose productivity was 66.1%. The United States, China and Saudi Arabia are the countries that most formed Collaboration Network
The Influence of the eyespots of peacock butterfly (Aglais io) and caterpillar on predator recognition
Get PDFThe main purpose of this study is to verify or refute the famous existing theory that the eyespots found on the wings of various insects are a kind of imitation which triggers birds, the predator of insects, to have a sense of avoidance by making them recognize the insects as their predator. The first experiment was conducted on the peacock butterfly using models with eyespots and those without eyespots. A single butterfly model without eyespots was used as the control group, and a pair of a butterfly models with eyespots and another without eyespots was used as the treated group. The butterfly models were attached to trees and the survival rate of the models without eyespots was checked every hour. According to the results of the experiment, it is difficult to conclude that the eyespots of peacock butterfly trigger a sense of avoidance for birds as there was no significant difference in the numbers of the attacked peacock butterfly models without eyespots between the control group and the treated group. The second experiment was conducted using caterpillar models with eyespots and those without eyespots arranged in the same way as the first experiment. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the numbers of attacked caterpillar models between the control group of a caterpillar model without eyespots only and the treated group composed of a pair of caterpillar models without eyespots and the one with eyespots. Thus, the second experiment shows that the caterpillar with eyespots does not imitate the eyes of the predator and it indirectly supports the findings of the first experiment. Through the results of the two experiments, it is possible to refute the existing theory that the eyespots actually imitate the eyes of the natural enemy of the predator
Definition of mass and production of equations of general relativity
Get PDFFrom the measurements of the anisotropies of the cosmic background radiation at the present time, we get a value for the density parameter (Ω(t)) near to unit, i.e. Ω(t) ∼ 1. The value of the density parameter determines if the Universe is open (Ω(t) 1)). This result forces us to assume that the boundary of the Universe is a 2D flat space, i.e. the R2 , since its interior is a 3D space as we conceive it. The R2 space is characterized by isotropy and homogeneity. It is a simply connected space and that it does not exhibit any particular characteristic anywhere. These attributes are expressed by a circle of an infinite radius in the center of which is an observer, at every point in the Universe. Since circle is the geometric object from which all other conic sections produced, then we shall examine the equations that characterize them and the consequences of their mappings in the interior of the Universe through one to one correspondences
Effective Teaching strategies in biological education: present and future prospects
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study is to explore the diversity of teaching strategies in biological education and expected results on acquisition of knowledge and fulfillment of learning outcomes in an attempt to identify which strategies work best with biology students. Methods: Three databases and search engines were used: Scopus, Google Scholars and Web of Science. Results: The teaching of biological sciences is experiencing evident transformations towards student-centered learning. As educational goals are being modernized in biology at present times. The more computer modelling, simulations and problem-based learning become part of the teaching strategy, the teaching of biology becomes more learner-centered to enhance learners’ critical thinking on complex biological processes
Enhancing healthcare information sharing with blockchain technology
Get PDFBlockchain, the foundation of many cryptocurrencies, also can be useful for many other industries such as healthcare. Blockchain can enforce immutability and non-repudiation for information stored on it. Although some say the technology is not yet mature enough, others are putting blockchain to the test with programs and pilots. Examining these efforts and dissecting the detail allows us to look at blockchain’s qualities and pitfalls to allow data sharing efforts with medical records.It is widely agreed that sharing medical data outside of the silos where it is captured or created will benefit the individual’s care and outcomes. Regulation and personal humility often stand in the way of this sharing. Blockchain is offering new and novel ways to share data properly and securely with only the providers or researchers who are supposed to receive it. Blockchain is also allowing the patient to take control of their health data and in some cases, even profit from it. This is the concept behind a proposal by the author to allow a patient to share all or part of their data for research and to be justly compensated for that sharing
Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry as alternative to laser scanning for 3D modelling of historical monuments
Get PDFDuring the past few years, new developments have occurred in the field of 3D photogrammetric modeling of culture heritage. One of these developments is the expansion of 3D photogrammetric modeling open-source software, such as VisualSfM, and cost-effective licensed software, such as Agisoft Metashape into the practical and affordable world. This type of SfM (Structure from Motion) software offers the world of 3D modelling of culture heritage a powerful tool for documentation and visualization. On the other hand, low-cost cameras are now available on the market. These cameras are characterized by high resolution and good quality lens, which makes them suitable for photogrammetric modelling. This paper reports on the results of the application of a SfM photogrammetry system in the 3D modelling of Safita Tower, a medieval structure in Safita, north-western Syria. The applied photogrammetric system consists of the Nikon Coolpix P100 10 MP digital camera and the commercial software Agisoft Metashape. The resulted 3D point clouds were compared with an available dense point cloud acquired by a laser scanner. This comparison proved that the low-cost SfM photogrammetry is an accurate methodology to 3D modeling historical monuments.
Evaluation of sound pressure levels in a pediatric intensive care unit
Get PDFThis study objectives were to measure the sound pressure levels found in the pediatric intensive care unit in a federal institution of Rio de Janeiro; to verify differences in noise levels during the morning and afternoon; to confront the sound pressure levels found against acceptable levels according to national and international noise organizations; to count the quantity of alarms triggered by each type of medical care equipment selected (multiparameter monitor, mechanical ventilator and infusion pump); to verify the relevance in the scientific world about pediatric intensive care unit noise through bibliometrics and to address the trinomial care technology - noise - implications on care. It’s an observational, exploratory, quantitative study, organized in three steps: Parameter collection and decibel meter calibration - data were based on the study by Salú, et al (2015) ; Data collection: 40 hours of discontinued observation (8am to 16pm) on different days for a period two months using two decibel meters; Data processing: An Excel spreadsheet was created for the database and data analysis was performed with the help of Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and Program R, organized into graphs and tables. 61% of the alarms corresponded to the mechanical ventilator; Bed E had the lowest standard deviation (SD = 2.945) and the highest median (69.5dBA). Even by removing the E bed from the analysis, there is a significant difference (p <0.001) between sound pressure levels. The median of the afternoon (28.2dBA); and morning (26.1dBA). Mechanical fan and monitor generated higher sounds; the pediatric intensive care unit has considerably exceeded that recommended by national and international noise organizations; afternoon generated higher sounds than morning. Keywords: Noise Meters; Noise; Intensive care; Pediatric
Implementing Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth under Probation: Lessons Learned
Get PDFOBJECTIVE: The implementation of Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for youth under probation is underresearched. Since a TF-CBT project implementation goal was not met, the author aimed to address the following questions: What were the unaddressed barriers to TF-CBT participation and completion? What factors could have significantly impacted TF-CBT completion? Were the positive outcomes of TF-CBT on the project's proposed measures confirmed? The author likewise aimed to capture the lessons from this project’s implementation.METHOD: Review of administrative documents focused on project set-up, flow of participation and TF-CBT completion to identify the barriers. Chart reviews included data for 54 out of 60 TF-CBT participants. Three TF-CBT youth groups were identified. TF-CBT with: no in vivo (C7, n = 12); four to six TF-CBT components, including trauma narration (C4-6, n = 13); and one to four components in phase I of TF-CBT (C1-4, n = 29). All statistical tests were set at p < .05. Groups were compared on demographics, pre-TF-CBT trauma and functioning, assessment and treatment services, justice involvement, and services satisfaction. Outcome measures were change scores on the UCLA Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index, Youth Outcome Questionnaire and youth arrests.RESULTS: The unaddressed barriers could very well be due to youth’s low disclosure and development of trust and therapist’s skills. Significant between-groups difference in parental involvement (χ2 = 6.08, p < .05) and number of trauma events experienced (F = 3.58, p < .05); and significant decrease in overall trauma symptom scores before and after TF-CBT participation with a very large effect size in group C7 (t = 3.73, p < .001, d = 1.08) were found.LESSONS LEARNED: The therapists were possibly viewed by the youth as part of the police system (which justice involved youth likely do not trust). Future implementations must seriously consider: the need for sufficient training of therapists; waiving program eligibility requirements; the value of a coherent communications protocol, clinical quality review and management, early assessment of services satisfaction, and information on families of justice involved youth; and, tracking behaviors that are incompatible with those that warrant arrests.
Microscopy simple or advance technique of material characterization
Get PDFOptical microscopy with respect to advanced scientific research can be referred to as the basic techniques for the characterization of materials. Optical microscopy is expected to remain useful in the science world for a long time. Despite being presumed a basic tool, it is capable of giving very detailed information that reveals a lot about the materials preparations, heat treatment prior to observation, defects in the material as well as alloy composition. Relatively hard metals such as titanium, tungsten and steels are easy to prepare for microscopic examination unlike soft materials such as tin and aluminum that pose serious challenges during their preparation leading to defects such as deep scratch lines, embedded abrasive particles, dust particles, as well as water marks covering the polished surface. The material used in this study Cu50Ti25Zr15Ni10 was produced by arc melting. The alloy ingots were re-melted at least 4 times for homogenization of the master alloy. The alloy ingot was then suction cast into a 3mm rod. The alloy metals used for the ingots had purities greater than 99.9% and were purchased from Zhongnuo Advanced Materials (Beijing) Technology Co. Ltd China. The objective of this work was to show the importance of proper and correct specimen preparation in revealing the basic and detailed information concerning the structure, as well as its morphology. A perfectly ground and polished surface is free from defect arising from preparation method hence the presumption that microscopy is a basic science does since even advanced structures can be revealed. It is imperative that a good quality optical microscope be purchased especially when resources are scarce and advanced materials characterization techniques are not available. In can be concluded that with a good quality optical microscope, microscopy as a technique will continue to play a critical role during decision making and that a polished surface will only give accurate information about a given specimen if all preparation stages and steps are taken into consideration, adhered to and carefully and professionally done
Impact of Blighia sapida (k. Koenig) aril consumption on viscera and their functionalities
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to understand the effects of Blighia sapida aril consumption on viscera and their functionalities. For this instance, quantities of arils were cooked (500 g/l) and lyophilize. Six homogeneous groups of young rats were fed ad libitum with six different diets which can be distinguished by the level of Blighia sapida aril powder put in the diet formulate. There were control diet (0% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs1 (6.25% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs2 (12.5% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs3 (25% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs4 (50% Blighia sapida arils powder) and Bs5 (75% Blighia sapida arils powder). At the end of the experimentation, blood samples were collected and were used for analyses of plasmatic bilirubin content. After sacrificed the experimental rats, stomach, liver, kidney, heart and lung were removed and weighted. These organs were processed for histopathological studies. There were no different variation (p>0.05) of bilirubin content between rats which received control diet and those which received the experimental diets. Organs weight of rats fed with diets Bs1, Bs2 and diet Bs3 were not globally different (p>0.05) compare to those of the control diet while organs weight of rats fed with diets Bs4 and Bs5 were globally reduced (p<0.05). No pathologies on viscera were observed when Blighia sapida aril powder is consumed with moderation (under a value of 50 % of nutrition value need). But, when consumed with exaggeration it provokes lipid nephrosis lesions on kidneys cells and necrosis on hepatic parenchyma. We can notice that Blighia sapida aril is rich nutritiously but it must be consumed with moderation in order to avoid pathologies on viscera