Kobe College Institutional Repository / 神戸女学院大学機関リポジトリ
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Female Hormones and Alzheimer's Disease ⅢーThe Mechanism of Protective Effects of 17β-Estradiol on the Cellular Injury of Neurons Induced by Amyloid βー
Get PDFアルツハイマー型認知症の発症には性差が存在し、その原因として女性ホルモンのエストロゲンが神経細胞の保護効果を発揮することが示唆されている。本研究では神経細胞にアミロイドβを負荷したアルツハイマー型認知症の細胞モデルを用い、エストロゲンがエストロゲン受容体との結合を介して小胞体ストレスを修飾し、神経細胞を保護しているか否かを検討した。ラット神経系由来のＰＣ-12細胞に、アミロイドβ、または小胞体ストレス誘発剤のツニカマイシンを負荷すると、小胞体が増大するとともに Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) が活性化され、シャペロン蛋白GRP78が誘導された。さらに過剰な小胞体ストレスはアポトーシスによる神経細胞死を惹起した。女性ホルモンの17β-エストラジオールは、アミロイドβやツニカマイシンによる小胞体ストレスを抑制し、神経細胞死を減少させた。エストロゲン受容体阻害剤 ICI182,780は、このような17β-エストラジオールの小胞体量、GRP78誘導に対する効果を完全に抑制するとともに、アポトーシスに対する抑制効果も部分的に抑制した。以上より、エストロゲンはアミロイド負荷による神経細胞の小胞体ストレスに対し、エストロゲン受容体を介したストレス応答によって適応することが示唆された。過剰なストレスによる神経細胞死に対しても、部分的には神経細胞内のエストロゲン受容体を介したメカニズムにより対応する可能性が示唆された。Female hormones are supposed to play a pivotal role in the sex difference of Alzheimer's disease by exerting protective effects on neurons.We investigated whether estrogen, a kind of female hormones, reduces the damage of neural cells through binding to intracellular estrogen receptors using a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease.When amyloid β (5μＭ), a proposed pathogen of Alzheimer's disease, or tunicamycine (1μM), an inducer of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, were applied to cultured PC-12 neural cells, the size of ER, a measure of ER stress and the expression of GRP78, an indicative protein of unfolded protein (UPR), were both increased. In this model, 17β-estradiol (1μM), the most potent estrogen, increased the GRP78 expression together with the decrease in ER size and the cell death by apoptosis, suggesting that 17β-estradiol augments the stress response of neural cells to amyloid β by activating UPR. When cells were pretreated with a competitive inhibitor of estrogen receptors, ICI182,780 (100μM), the increase in GRP78 expression and the decrease in ER size by 17β-estradiol were completely abolished. The effect of 17β-estradiol on the number of apoptotic cells was partially inhibited by ICI182,780. These results indicate that the female hormone estrogen enhances the stress response of neurons to amyloid β by activating UPR via the binding to estrogen receptors. Estrogen may exhibit a protective effect against cell death caused by amyloid β partly through the receptor mediated mechanism because the effect 17β-estradiol on apoptotic cell death was partially inhibited by ICI182,780.departmental bulletin pape
Jimmy Herf's Yearning for Corporeality in Manhattan Transfer
Get PDFジョン・ドス・パソスの『マンハッタン乗換駅』(1925) は、彼の最初の重要なモダニズム作品であり、従来の言語芸術の枠組みを超えようとする試みである。本論では、この小説における身体性が、本来の力を奪われた言葉の誤用に対抗し、文学的創造とアメリカの民主主義を再生させる活力として作用することを考察する。そのために、二人の登場人物ジミー・ハーフとコンゴ・ジェイクに注目し、作品における身体性と文学の統合の可能性を検証する。作家志望の新聞記者ジミーは、創造における身体性を希求しつつも、大都市ニューヨークにおいて、膠着し腐敗した言葉の捕囚として苦境に立っている。しかし作品中にはわずかながらも、彼が身体性の獲得をとおして新たな創造に向かおうとする兆しが見られることを論じる。次に、義足を付けたフランス系移民コンゴの身体性を分析する。貧しい出自から成功を得た彼は、民主主義という理念的「アメリカの夢」の具現者であり、その身体は多様かつ包括的なアメリカ社会を体現している。そして本作品における身体性は、コンゴに見られるように、ドス・パソスが「古の言葉」と呼ぶ建国の理念を再現し、その力こそがジミーの文学的創造の鍵となり得るのだ。この考察は、『マンハッタン乗換駅』における身体性と言葉、そして文学との統合の可能性を、アメリカの民主主義の理念との関連において明らかにするものである。John Dos Passos's Manhattan Transfer (1925) is his first major modernist work expressing his creative response to the modern condition. Above all, what is at stake for Dos Passos is the notion of corporeality as opposed to what he perceives as a misguided use of language---an idea that has the potential to revive American democracy. This paper will examine Dos Passos's attempt to incorporate corporeality in his literature through the response of the fictive characters Jimmy Herf and Congo Jake. Jimmy, as a budding writer, craves to free himself from captivity by corrupted words in the Metropolis. With his ambition to become an original artist, he seems to reflect Dos Passos's own attempt to expand the definition of his writing beyond words via the integration of visual elements in his literature. Through lived expriences and bodily perceptions, Jimmy wishes to invigorate his writing through such corporeality. Similarly, the hybrid body of Congo Jake, a French immigrant with an artificial leg, illustrates Dos Passos's endeavor to integrate corporeality in literature as a means to revive the myth of the American dream.
To examine how the novel reveals the writer's attempt to make his literature more effective, this paper first discusses how Jimmy yearns for corporeality by exposing his captivity to stylized words dominant in the Metropolis. Most notably, Jimmy reveals his position through the newspaper trade and in his faint but likely aspiration toward the integration of corporeality in his writing to counteract his literary predicament. Next, the particularly in relation to the idea of the American dream, being both secular and mythical. Focus on the founding myth of American democracy moreover invites discussion of Jimmy's longing for corporeality through what Dos Passos terms the "old words," language that sustained Dos Passos's faith. This investigation should lead us to consider the greater manifestations of Manhattan Transfer as illustrated by the possibility of integrating corporeality into literature as well as into American democracy, and further explore hopes and problems behind the American dream.departmental bulletin pape
Effectiveness of Support Programs for Students with Difficulties in College Life
No full text本研究では大学生活に困難を抱える学生に行ったサポートプログラムの効果について調査した。①自己紹介、②時間管理、③ストレスコントロール、④レポートの書き方、⑤片付け・収納術、⑥金銭管理、⑦人生設計のSST、および⑧リクレーションの計8回のプログラムを行い、参加学生に参加後毎回振り返り用紙に記入してもらった。それぞれの回に（1）難しく感じたこと、（2）できると感じたこと、（3）全体の感想を記入してもらい、それらの記述からプログラムの効果と思われることを分析した。This study investigated the effectiveness of a support program given to students with difficulties in college life. The program consisted of 8 SST sessions: (1) self-introduction, (2) time management, (3) stress control, (4) report writing, (5) tidying up and storage, (6) money management, (7) life design, and (8) recreation, and participating students were asked to fill out a reflection form after each session. The students were asked to write down (1) what they found difficult, (2) what they felt they could do, and (3) their overall impression of the program for each session, and from these descriptions, we analyzed what we considered to be the effects of the program.departmental bulletin pape
Advocacies of Education for Women in England up to the Mid-19th Century and Women's Autonomy Issues (2)
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to survey several important advocacies of education for women up to the mid-19th century in England in order to offer a historical and cultural perspective on literature and culture of those times. While delineating their arguments for education for women, this survey traces some aspects of the arguments in common, for they eventually stimulated early feminists to form a movement for higher education open to women during the latter half of the century. The paper consists of two parts (1) and (2). In the first part, the advocacies made by Mary Astell, Hannah More and James Frederick Denison Maurice are examined. Although they had different ideas about education for women, they shared a deep concern about developing women's mental and moral autonomy trusting women's intelligence. In the second part, the advocacies made by Hannah More, George Eliot who discussed the arguments of Mary Fuller and Wollstonecraft, and James Stuart Mill are examined. Unlike the former advocates, these feminists were not educators themselves, but defended education freely open to women, based on the idea of diversity of women's abilities equal to men's. They also stressed women's mental and moral autonomy developed through education as a crucial factor to form a better relationship with men. They insisted on such education for women not only for their own well-being but for better mental welfare and interrelationships in the whole society, the state of which they said it would take a long time but would be attainable.departmental bulletin pape
Improving Teaching Materials for a Microscale Experiment on Acids and Bases in High School Basic Chemistry and Performing Practical Lessons for High School Students ー Using Kyoho (Japanese Grape) Peels and Mallow Blue's Petals ー
Get PDF植物色素の一種であるアントシアニンは、中性では紫色を示すが、酸性では赤色～赤紫色、塩基性では青緑色～緑色～黄色とその色調を変化させるため、化学実験の酸塩基指示薬として利用できる。以前に著者は、巨峰の果皮やマロウブルーから抽出したアントシアニンを高等学校化学の教材として使用する方法について提案した。本研究では、１２ウェルプレートと巨峰の果皮およびマロウブルーを用いた各種水溶液の酸性、中性、塩基性の識別に関するマイクロスケール実験教材について検討した。試薬として、0.1、0.01、0.001mol/L 塩酸 (HCl) 、0.1mol/L 酢酸 (CH₃COOH) 、0.1mol/L 塩化ナトリウム (NaCl) 、0.1mol/L ショ糖 (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) 、0.1、0.01、0.001 mol/L 水酸化ナトリウム (NaOH) 、0.1mol/L アンモニア (NH₃) 、飽和水酸化カルシウム (Ca(OH)₂) (石灰水) を用いた。希薄な0.001mol/L HCl と NaOH 以外は、アントシアニンの色調変化よりそれぞれの水溶液の酸性、中性、塩基性を識別できた。本教材を用いた授業実践を兵庫県下の高等学校2校で実施し、高等学校化学基礎の教材としての有用性を確認した。Anthocyanin, a plant pigment, shows purple in neutral, however, it turns red or red-purple when acidic and blue-green, green, or yellow when basic. Therefore, it can be used as an acid-base indicator in chemistry experiments. Previously, we proposed how to use them as teaching materials for high school chemistry. In this study, we have investigated teaching materials for a microscale experiment on classifying various aqueous solutions into acidic, neutral. and basic ones using a 12-well plate, kyoho peels, and mallow blue's petals. We have used various aqueous solution such as 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 mol/L hydrochloric acids (HCl), 0.1 mol/L acetic acid (CH₃COOH), 0.1mol/L sodium chloride (NaCl), 0.1mol/L sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁), 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mol/L sodium hydroxides (NaOH), 0.1 mol/L ammonia (NH₃) (ammonia water), and saturated calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) (limewater). Except for 0.001 mol/L HCl and NaOH, these aqueous solutions can be correctly classified into acidic, neutral, and basic ones from the color change of anthocyanin. Using these microscale teaching materials, practical lessons have been carried out at two senior high schools in Hyogo Prefecture, and it has been found that such teaching materials are useful for high school basic chemistry.departmental bulletin pape
