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Words and Their Endorsement through Corporeality in U.S.A.: The Validity of Mary French
Get PDFジョン・ドス・パソスの『U･S･A』三部作は、二十世紀の最初の三十年間のアメリカを描出しようとする文学上の試みである。この作品は決して単純な希望の書ではない。しかし、圧倒的なアメリカのシステムに抵抗する言葉の力への信頼こそがこの小説の存在意義である。本論では、物語セクションの焦点人物の一人で、身体性と融合した言葉を持つ社会活動家のメアリー・フレンチに注目する。彼女は語り手が「カメラ・アイ」で提唱するヴィジョンに応答し、資本主義という巨大な圧力と闘う可能性を持つ登場人物である。ここではまず、四つの語りのモードにおける言語と身体性の諸相を俯瞰し、メアリーの物語の位置付けを明らかにする。次に、伝記セクションと物語セクションにおいて、身体性から隔絶された虚偽の言語をもって人心操作に注力する人物表象を考察する。その上で、メアリーの言葉が身体によって裏付けられていることを論じる。『U･S･A』三部作においてメアリーは身体性を備えた言葉の力によって、資本主義権力に抵抗し得る唯一の主要登場人物として描かれている。John Dos Passos’s U.S.A. trilogy is a literary attempt to represent America in the first three decades of the twentieth century, employing four narrative modes: “Camera Eye,” “Newsreel,” biographies, and fictive narratives. It depicts the dawn of the American century, World War I, and concludes with the onset of the Depression. The trilogy is no novel of simple hope. Instead, a subtle yet unyielding trust in the power of words to resist the overwhelming American system is the raison d’être of the novel. This paper investigates the nature of such words that corporeality must be underpinned to achieve a sound purpose.
As a whole, the novel displays an extensive exploitation of language in different narrative modes, so as to paradoxically indicate the potential of words to foster positive social change, only when mediated by corporeality
——that is, through actual——experiences, physical perceptions, sentiments, and emotions. I focus on Mary French, a social activist and one of the fictive characters equipped with words integrated with corporeality. She serves as the one possible figure to respond to the vision of the narrator in “Camera Eye,” and challenge the enormous pressure cooker of capitalism. Firstly, I survey each narrative mode to examine the relationship of words and corporeality therein, and contextualize Mary’s narrative in the entire text. Next, in the biographies and fictive narratives, I investigate representations of those who are enmeshed in false, manipulative language disconnected from the body. Lastly, I discuss the impact of Mary’s character, whose words are endorsed by her sensations, physically earned feelings, and lived experiences. In U.S.A. trilogy, Mary French stands as the only major character who resists capitalistic power in America.departmental bulletin pape
A Development of a Microscale Experiment of Stoichiometry by Active Learning in High School, Part 1
Get PDFこの研究の目的は、高等学校新学習指導要領で謳われている主体的・対話的で深い学びを生徒に保障するための、マイクロスケール実験の開発である。これまでに大阪府立長尾高等学校では、市販の安価な小型電子天秤を用いた、従来よりも少量かつ安価で実施可能なマイクロスケール実験を開発してきた。そのうちのひとつが、化学基礎の教科書の「化学反応の量的関係（炭酸カルシウムと塩酸の反応により、二酸化炭素が生成する）」のマイクロスケール実験である。2018年度、3年理系化学選択者（24名）を対象に、前述の実験をどの程度（例えば、通常スケールの1/8）までマイクロスケール化が可能かを生徒自らが検討し、実験で検証する授業を50分×5コマ（事前指導、実験、データ処理・考察などと振り返り、発表、全体討論）実施した。1/8スケール、1/4スケールおよび1/2スケールを選択した班の実験の成功率は、それぞれ75％、100％および100％であった。全体として、実験による検証過程は生徒主体型学習そのものであり、授業に対しては肯定的な生徒評価が得られた。The objective of this study is to develop a microscale experiment of stoichiometry by active learning in high school. Active learning is a new and key concept of the revised Course of Study defined by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan in 2018. The developed microscale experiment, which uses small quantities of chemicals, includes the reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid to form carbon dioxide. It is a scale-down model of the normal scale experiment described in a textbook of “Basic Chemistry” in the Course of Study mentioned above. In 2018, the practice for the senior class of the science course consisted of 5 lessons as follows: 1) preparatory lecture, 2) the microscale experiment, 3) analyzing and discussing the obtained data, making a report and filling out a questionnaire, 4) presentation, 5) final plenary discussion. All of the 24 students of the class were divided into 8 groups equally. Every group chose the best scale (1/8, 1/4, 1/2 or normal scale) for the experiment of stoichiometry to succeed from the viewpoints of their skills and motives. They verified their hypotheses chosen by experiment. Almost all of the groups succeeded in their experiments. A questionnaire about the learning process was given to them from the viewpoint of active learning. The learning process of the students was discussed. Their class evaluation was positive. In conclusion, we are convinced that the microscale experiment works well for active learning in high school chemistry.departmental bulletin pape
Effects of isolation temperature on function components of Benifuki black tea
Get PDF日本国産の品種である「べにふうき」紅茶は香りが高く、世界的なコンテストで受賞するなど呈味について高い評価を受けている。しかしながらその機能性成分に関する研究報告は多くない。よって本研究では、「べにふうき」の茶葉を試料に用い、100℃および5℃の抽出温度や5℃での抽出時間が、機能性成分の濃度にどのように影響するのかについて調べ、一般的な市販紅茶と比較した。さらに異なる条件で抽出した紅茶の強度についての官能検査を行い、呈味についても調べた。
その結果、抽出温度に関しては、「べにふうき」は100℃ 2.5分抽出においてタンニン含量が高くなり、渋みが強くなるのに対し、5℃ 1080分で抽出した場合、タ100℃ 2.5分抽出と比較してタンニン含量が低く、旨味成分であるテアニン含量が高くなり、低温長時間抽出した場合に、渋みが抑えられ甘みが強くなる特徴がみられた。以上のことから、抽出時間や温度が「べにふうき」紅茶に含まれる機能性成分濃度に影響し、また紅茶の呈味にも深く影響することが示唆された。Benifuki black tea is a very aromatic Japanese domestic variety, and its taste is highly appraised, winning the international contests. However, studies focused on its functional components are scarce. In this study, we used Benifuki tea leaves to investigate the effects of different extraction temperatures（100 ℃ and 5 ℃）on the concentration of its functional components compare to the commercial tea leaves. In addition, we performed sensory evaluation on the taste intensity and compared the taste of black tea extracted using different extraction methods.
The results showed that when Benifuki tea leaves were extracted at 100℃ , the tannin content was high, making it strongly bitter; however, when extracted for 1080 min. at 5℃ , the tannin content was lower than that 2.5min. at 100℃ . These results are in line with high theanine content, the umami taste ingredient in black tea, which suppresses bitterness and promotes robust sweetness. Our data suggest that extraction temperatures and periods strongly affect the concentration of functional components of
Benifuki black tea and profoundly influence its taste.departmental bulletin pape
A reconsideration of the basic ideas about clinical practice.
Get PDFIn this article the author reconsidered the basic ideas about clinical practice. Therapeutic relationship, therapist’s stance and therapeutic factor were considered at the viewpoints of two clinical perspectives; Mentalization-based Treatment and Cyclical Psychodynamics. The author insisted that basic ideas about clinical practice needed to be reconsidered and updated accompanied with the development of interdisciplinary studies and with the expansion of clinical practice. He also discussed the multi-channel reciprocity in therapeutic relationship, the revaluation of supportive accepting stance of a therapist, and the importance of the processes that clients experience and feeling through their own emotions which have been avoided in the safe therapeutic environment.departmental bulletin pape
The Fancy of Barbarism and Simplicity in William Butterfield and the Group of William Morris
Get PDF1850年代にゴシックは古典主義の調和に抗い台頭した。ラスキン一派は規則を無視する北方ゴシックの荒々しさ（savageness）や放縦なカーブの法則に驚き魅了された。このような精神をフィリップ・ウェッブは「野蛮な力」として称賛し、ウィリアム・モリスも晩年に野蛮（barbarism）がもう一度世界を席巻していることを喜んでいる。彼らにとって barbarism は醜さや不調和というより新鮮な美を意味した。ウェッブは醜さ（ugliness）を好んだが、Ecclesiologist はウィリアム・バタフィールドにも同じ傾向があることを警告した。バタフィールドは古いものを失わないように細心の注意を払って、新しく修復することが美につながるという概念に反対し、ugliness や barbarism をそのまま保存しておくことが大事であると考えた。その後、モリスは反修復運動を始めた。また、バタフィールドの説教壇の簡素なデザインは、ウェッブによるモリス商会のための初期のゴシックの家具を予兆するものであり、A. W. ピュージンの簡素な家具とウェッブやモリスの初期の作品を結びつけるものとなっている。In the 1850s Gothic rose against the unity of Classicism. The school of Ruskin was fascinated and surprised by the savageness and strength of unrestrained curves in northern Gothic which ignored rules. Phillip Webb called this spirit “the strength of what I’ve called barbaric” while William Morris was pleased to “think of barbarism once more flooding the world, with real feelings and passions.” Webb liked ugliness, while the Ecclesiologist warned that the architect William Butterfield had the same taste. Butterfield paid the closest attention to not losing the architectural features of earlier ages because he was against the idea that reformation created beauty and thought it was important to preserve ugliness and barbarism in original buildings. Then Morris started the “Anti-Scrape”. The simplicity of pulpits designed by Butterfield reflects the characteristics of the early Gothic furniture designed by Webb for the Morris Company, and it also connects the simple furniture of A. W. Pugin with the early works of Webb and Morris.departmental bulletin pape
A Development of a Microscale Experiment of Stoichiometry by Active Learning in High School, Part 2
Get PDFこの研究の目的は、高等学校新学習指導要領で謳われている主体的・対話的で深い学びを生徒に保障するための、一連のマイクロスケール実験の開発である。大阪府立長尾高等学校では、市販の安価な小型電子天秤を用い、化学基礎の教科書の「化学反応の量的関係（炭酸カルシウムと塩酸の反応により、二酸化炭素が生成する）」のマイクロスケール実験を開発してきた。2020年 2月末の新型コロナウイルス感染拡大防止のための全国の学校休校直前に、前述実験の今後の課題である誤差を減らすために、塩酸の計量を検定証印付きメスシリンダーから検定証印付きホールピペットへ変更することが有効かどうかについて検証した。その結果、教科書の実験のマイクロスケール化において、1/8から1/2スケールまでの実験では、0.15％の相対誤差をもつホールピペットを用いて塩酸を測り取る必要がない。つまり、相対誤差が 2.0 ％のメスシリンダーで十分であると判明した。より一層誤差を減らすなら、質量測定の精度を上げる必要がある。しかし、精度が0.01 gである市販の安価な小型電子天秤の使用を前提とした場合、本実験のマイクロスケール化では、メスシリンダーを用いた1/4スケールが最適であると判断した。The objective of this study is to improve the microscale experiment of stoichiometry in high school, which was developed in a previous work. We tried to reduce the experimental errors of it by active learning. Active learning is a new and key concept of the revised Course of Study defined by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan in 2018. The improved microscale experiment, which uses small quantities of chemicals, includes the reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid to form carbon dioxide. It is a scale-down [1/8 or 1/4] model of the normal scale experiment described in a textbook of “Basic Chemistry” in the Course of Study mentioned above. According to the previous work, it is a research task in the future to reduce the error. Just before closing all the schools of Japan in February 2020, the practice for the science club members, who were one freshperson and three juniors, consisted of six lessons as follows: 1) preparatory guidance, 2) previous work and errors of measuring instruments, 3) hypotheses and plans of microscale experiment to reduce the error, 4) preliminary microscale experiment, 5) and 6) the microscale experiment and discussion. Our hypothesis is that we may minimize the experimental errors by using a volumetric pipette to measure dilute hydrochloric acid instead of a graduated cylinder. We verified the hypothesis by experiment. As a result of the experiments, the following are our new findings. 1) Even if we use a volumetric pipette instead of a graduated cylinder to measure hydrochloric acid, we cannot minimize the errors in the case of 1/8, 1/4 and 1/2 scale experiments. That is why the electronic balance used has the smallest relative error of 4.5 % in the case of 1/2 scale experiment, which is larger than both a relative error of 0.15 % of the pipette and a relative error of 2.0 % of the cylinder. 2) The error in the case of 1/4 scale experiment using a volumetric pipette to measure hydrochloric acid is about the same as using a graduated cylinder. In conclusion, we have found that the best scale-down size is 1/4 for the microscale experiment of stoichiometry using a graduated cylinder, which is good enough for this scale. We are convinced that the microscale experiment works well for active learning in high school chemistry.departmental bulletin pape
Affect and Ethics in “Doctor Marigold’s Prescriptions” as a Story about Sign Language
Get PDF本論はディケンズの「ドクター・マリゴールドの処方箋」に登場する聾唖の少女とそれを支える主人公に注目しアフェクト研究の手法を用いて物語に現代の読者にも通じる倫理の提示があることを複数の視点から明らかにするものである。
マリゴールドが深い共感を持って育てる聾唖の少女像は一見受動的に見えるが、彼女は、障害の自覚を持ち、なお独立した他者性をもって父に対する応答の意志を表す積極的な内面を形成している。
この物語は、当時の聾教育のコンテキストに照らしてみると、少女が障害に寄り添う手話教育によって豊かな内面的成長を遂げている点で、当時隆盛になりつつあった障害者不在の口話教育推進に対する否定と読むことができる。またマリゴールドの物語としては、リベラルとしての自覚を持つ英国人の共感欠如を問題としている。彼は家庭の崩壊と再生を通して、人生における共感の重要性、ならびに他者への無関心や反対のエゴイスティックな独占を自制する必要性を学んでいる。この意識は、ある意味で今日の読者においても重要な感情の秩序と関わる倫理的認識であり、それゆえにこの物語は21世紀において再び注目されている。This paper aims to clarify Dickens’s ethical treatment of characters, especially the disabled girl and the supporting hero in “Doctor Marigold’s Prescriptions” using the affect study method. Also, this paper attempts to discuss the author’s attitude toward sign language education by examining the educational background of the deaf at the time.
As for the deaf girl named Sophy, Dickens portrays her as a person with an awareness of the disability and independent alterity with firm willpower to respond to her father’s dedication to her. In sign language and sign language education at the time, there was an oral education movement for deaf people. Unfortunately, it aimed to eliminate sign language as a primitive language. Oral education proliferated from the 1860s until around the middle of the 20th century. Dickens seemed to be against it by writing a story of Sophy’s healthy growth in sign language. The story also proves that he paid close attention to the English educational practices of sign language in England. As for Marigold, the protagonist seems to represent the British liberal’s lack of empathy. He tends to advocate liberalism for independence and self-esteem in the first part of the story. However, through his family’s collapse and reconstruction, he recognizes the significance of empathy in one’s life and the need for self-control over indifference to others and egoistic monopoly. This awareness is the most needed ethical recognition, even for today’s readers, and that is why the story was revived in the 21st century.departmental bulletin pape
