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Women’s sacrifice in Classical Cyprus? The Kition tariff ( <i>CIS</i> I, 86) revisited according to a Brelichian approach
No full textABSTRACT
This article examines women’s social roles in Classical and early Hellenistic Cyprus through epigraphic evidence, focusing on the participation of twenty-two young girls in a sacrifice recorded in the Kition tariff (fifth–fourth century Bce; CIS I, 86), a Phoenician gypsum tablet often misinterpreted in earlier scholarship. This document, likely issued by the royal administration of Kition—a prominently Phoenician Cypriot city-kingdom with ties to Tyre—records institutional accounts and expenditures. The study reassesses whether the girls were actual sacrificial victims and argues that, rather than being killed, they were more plausibly involved in a substitution rite supported by the royal administration, aligned with Greek ritual models circulating in the Levant, and functioning as pharmaka or scapegoat figures intended to secure communal well-being and reinforce kingship. Particular attention is given to how gender and age shaped ritual efficacy and symbolism, while also addressing the debated question of human sacrifice in Cyprus through the theoretical framework of Angelo Brelich, whose work highlights the relationship between kingship, social hierarchy, and the symbolic role of young women in sacrificial contexts.</jats:p
Cops and robbers on multi-layer graphs
No full textWe generalise the popular cops and robbers game to multi-layer graphs, where each cop and the robber are restricted to a single layer (or set of edges). We demonstrate that initial intuition about the best way to allocate cops to layers is not always correct, and prove that the multi-layer cop number is neither bounded from above nor below by any increasing function of the cop numbers of the individual layers. We show that it is NP-hard to decide if k cops are sufficient to catch the robber, even if every cop layer is a tree and a set of isolated vertices. However, we give a polynomial time algorithm to determine if k cops can win when the robber layer is a tree. Additionally, we investigate a question of worst-case divisions of a simple graph into layers: given a simple graph G, what is the maximum number of cops required to catch a robber over all multi-layer graphs where each edge of G is in at least one layer and all layers are connected? For cliques, suitably dense random graphs, and graphs of bounded treewidth, we determine this parameter up to multiplicative constants. Lastly we consider a multi-layer variant of Meyniel’s conjecture, and show the existence of an infinite family of graphs whose multi-layer cop number is bounded from below by a constant times n/logn, where n is the number of vertices in the graph
AI-enhanced conversational design processes: A systematic review
Full text linkAI technologies have been widely explored in the architectural design process over the last decade. This paper addresses the limitations of the existing reviews on AI applications in the architectural design process, including a lack of focus on the design process, limited coverage of AI technologies, and under-exploration of human-AI interaction environments. The paper systematically reviews and comparatively analyses 63 articles filtered through 1138 publications from 8 databases. The findings include comparative analysis charts and tables of the different AI-enhanced design processes, the human-AI interaction environment, as well as their evaluation. They highlight the expectation that AI will function as a conversational design partner. Lastly, the paper presents a novel framework for the AI-enhanced conversational architectural design process.</jats:p
Search for <i>β</i>-delayed fission of <SUP>178</SUP> Au<i><SUP>g,m</SUP></i> and an updated systematics in the region of neutron-deficient nuclei
No full text
A search for a
β
-delayed fission (
β
DF
) decay branch of isomerically pure samples of
Au
g
178
and
Au
m
178
was performed at the ISOLDE-CERN facility. Two complementary detection systems capable of registering
α
decays and fission fragments, the ISOLDE Decay Station and the ASET (Alpha SETup), were used. Despite very high statistics of produced
Au
178
nuclei, no fission fragments were detected. Upper limits of
β
DF
probabilities of
P
β
DF
(
Au
g
178
)
<
1.11
(
2
)
×
10
−
8
and
P
β
DF
(
Au
m
178
)
<
9.7
(
2
)
×
10
−
9
were determined. Corresponding lower limits of
β
DF
partial half-lives were deduced as well, and the results are discussed in the context of experimental systematics of
β
DF
in the neutron-deficient region of the nuclear chart.
</jats:p
Navigating interdisciplinary coastal research in the UK: Challenges and solutions from an early career perspective
No full textAI–professional hybrid in professional service firms: Fear, hope, and the rise of new professional roles
No full textRecent technological developments, such as artificial intelligence (AI), are not only affecting the way professional work is performed but also the organisational, institutional and societal structures, and individual-level expectations and understanding of self as a professional. Whilst optimists argue for a technological future with better jobs and work arrangements, pessimists foresee a future without meaningful work, signalling an end of professions. Historically, these professions have protected their boundaries, and analytical and expert decision-making tasks have remained strictly within their professional jurisdiction. Yet with the increasing capability of AI to automate these complex tasks, professionals are faced with a challenge to preserve their status as expert service providers. In the face of this emerging ‘human–AI symbiosis’, professionals are forced to respond to this new work reality where AI becomes part of the workforce. However, these micro-level implications of AI-led change for employees remain an under-researched area, with questions about the impact of AI on hybrid decision-making in knowledge-intensive professions. Contributing to this gap, this chapter highlights how professionals respond to the new realities of AI-enabled hybrid decision-making and professional working. Focusing on accounting and legal professional service firms (PSFs) in the UK, we argue that AI as a new organisational coworker introduces a different kind of human–machine hybrid. We highlight that as the professionals engaged with AI, they reconfigure their professional work, practices, and jurisdictions along the way due to this new hybridity, which is also supplemented by the rise of new professional roles in the PSFs
Power-to-X: A promising Roadmap for energy diversification and Greener future
Full text linkThe Power-to-X (PtX) system presents an innovative approach to energy conversion and storage, designed to integrate the production and utilization of hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol, thereby supporting an efficient and sustainable energy cycle. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH), Power-to-Ammonia (PtA), and Power-to-Methanol (PtM) technologies, highlighting hydrogen production efficiencies of up to 80% and energy densities ranging from 33 kWh/kg (hydrogen) to 4.6 kWh/L (methanol). It is anticipated that the PtX system can facilitate a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by as much as 80%. Furthermore, green ammonia and methanol can achieve a fully carbon-free energy cycle. In contrast to previous reviews, this work uniquely emphasises the integration of PtH, PtA, and PtM pathways, thereby addressing the gap in understanding their synergistic effects on decarbonisation. It also explores the transformative impact of these technologies on contemporary energy demands, providing a practical solution for balancing intermittent renewable energy generation with fluctuating demand, and thoroughly demonstrating the significant potential of the PtX system in tackling modern energy challenges
Infant HIV transmission despite maternal viral suppression: a case of post-weaning seroconversion
No full text
Data-Driven Stabilization of Aperiodic Sampled-Data Systems Subject to Input Saturation
Full text linkThis article focuses on stabilization design for aperiodic sampled-data unknown systems subject to saturation from a data-driven perspective without explicit system model parameters. A data-driven representation of the unknown saturated system is established by using the collected input-state measurements affected by noisy perturbations. Based on such a data-based representation, combined with the loop-functional method, the generalized sector condition, and the S-procedure, a data-driven control design method in the form of linear matrix inequalities is derived to ensure local stability for all systems consistent with the measured data. Meanwhile, this data-based design condition allows for maximizing the estimation of the region of attraction and maximizing the admissible sampling interval through convex optimization. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed data-driven control design schemes is verified by a benchmark numerical example and a load frequency control system under the hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform
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