Cape Peninsula University of Technology
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Evaluating signal quality and system performance in NB-IoT communications
No full textThe expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has created a need for reliable and fault-tolerant communication networks. However, ensuring consistent signal quality and power efficiency has proven to be challenging. This study evaluated the performance of Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) communications using the SIM7020 module connected to a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, focusing on signal quality across indoor, outdoor, urban and rural areas. Supervised machine learning for indoor localisation based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) has been introduced, for example, to enhance NB-IoT performance. However, this and other approaches have encountered difficulties in mobile and obstructed environments, including signal attenuation, connectivity variability and increased power consumption. The objective of this study was to analyse NB-IoT signal strength and power consumption, providing guidance for deploying real-time communication IoT applications. Empirical data was analysed to understand the RSSI and Cellular Signal Quality (CSQ) in different locations. Signal quality in urban and outdoor environments was prone to fluctuations due to mobility and interference, whereas rural areas had weaker but more consistent signals. Indoor environments suffered from significant signal attenuation. The results emphasise the importance of improved handover mechanisms and adaptive deployment strategies to ensure reliable connectivity across various IoT applications
Activity theory view of big data architectural design for enterprises
No full textThe lack of architectural design leads to the fragmentation of big data and increases the complexity of an environment. This study aims to develop big data architectural design for enterprises. The qualitative method was employed, and literature relating to the study was gathered and examined. Heuristically, the data was analysed, which was guided by the activity theory (AT) as a lens. From the analysis, relationship, allocative, and interaction were found to be the fundamental factors influencing big data architectural design. Additionally, the study highlights the attributes of the factors, which include technology, governance, and transformation. Based on the factors and their attributes, a big data architectural design was developed. The proposed big data architectural design has significant implications for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of an enterprise’s processes, services, and competitiveness. However, there are implications and limitations. From both information technology (IT) and business units’ standpoints, the study highlights operationalisation, innovation, and integration as implications for enterprises. Non-empirical evidence is a limitation which should be considered for future studies
An analysis of cybersecurity policy compliance in organisations
No full textIn the contemporary digital landscape, cyber-attacks and incidents have placed cyber-security at the forefront of priorities in organisations. As organisations face cyber risks, it becomes imperative to implement and comply with various cyber-security policies. However, due to factors such as policy complexity and resistance from employees, compliance can be a challenging task. The study, which took a comprehensive approach, investigated the variables that affect an organisation's adherence to cyber-security policies. The findings of this study provide insights into the challenges and factors influencing compliance with cyber-security policies in organisations. A case study design was chosen as part of a qualitative approach to answer the research question. For data gathering, semi-structured interviews were performed, and existing documents were also considered when available to supplement interviews. The gathered data was meticulously organised, coded, and analysed using the Actor-Network Theory perspective, with a focus on its four moments of translation: problematisation, interessement, enrolment, and mobilisation. The analysis revealed that insider threats and phishing attempts are the two cyber threats that affect organisations; behavioural challenges and enforcement limitations are factors that influence and contribute to the non-compliance of cyber-security policy; phishing exercises and policy development processes are used to enforce cyber-security policies
The efficiency of adopting generalized audit software in internal auditing: a case study of internal auditors in Nigeria
No full textThe importance of Generalized Audit Software (GAS) and its benefits have been studied in developed countries. However, the benefits of GAS are not as widely researched in developing countries like Nigeria. This study was designed to investigate the efficiency of adopting GAS in internal auditing in Nigeria. The study employed the use of questions in questionnaires which were used to gather information from 120 internal auditors at 12 different firms within Nigeria. The Data was analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It was found that factors such as resource constraints, communication and collaboration, and training of internal auditors affected the adoption of GAS, thereby limiting its efficiency in Nigeria. The study also found that GAS adoption can improve and increase the efficiency of internal auditors in Nigeria. The study recommended the need to enhance communication and collaboration among GAS users as well as other key stakeholders in Nigeria
Study of the construction techniques, materials and architectural prospectives of ancient monumental structures in Allahabad City, India
No full textThis research examines the construction methodologies, materials, and architectural principles employed in creating ancient monumental structures in Allahabad (now Prayagraj), India. Despite being erected over 600 years ago, these structures stand resiliently among the evolution of modern construction techniques and seismic safety standards. The history of Prayagraj can be traced back to ancient times. The city was initially referenced in the ancient Hindu scriptures, known as the Vedas, as a sacred destination. Further, established by the Mughal Empire under Akbar’s reign in 1583, Allahabad City witnessed the construction of numerous monumental structures using robust techniques involving stone, brick masonry, and timber materials bonded together with thin mortar and plaster. Many of these ancient edifices, erected during this period, continue to serve various functions today, reflecting the enduring craftsmanship of their builders. In this study, we have identified prestigious monuments for examination, utilizing visual inspection to gain deeper insights into the emphasized construction materials and techniques. Notably, mortar is a critical component in construction and structural connections. Furthermore, our investigation reveals the diverse range of materials utilized for binding, plastering, painting, and other decorative purposes during construction. However, it is evident that some of these monuments have endured significant wear and tear over time, resulting in major cracks and damage to their structural elements and construction materials. Through this exploration, we aim to unveil the intricate craftsmanship and architectural brilliance that characterize Allahabad’s ancient monumental structures, while also highlighting the preservation challenges posed by ageing and environmental factors
Adaptive OOS protection scheme to enhance rotor stability of the system
No full textThe impact of large-scale deployment of Renewable Energy Sources, especially inverter-connected wind turbines and photovoltaics, on the variability of RES generation shares globally. This is a critical point as it emphasizes the transition from conventional generators to RES, which lack rotational inertia. The usual assumption of high grid inertia with minor variations is no longer valid in power networks with significant RES shares. This is crucial, as it sets the stage for understanding the subsequent challenges related to frequency dynamics and power system stability. The lack of rotational inertia in RES-connected devices affects frequency dynamics and power system stability. Understanding and addressing these issues are essential for ensuring the reliability and security of power systems with a substantial share of RES. The key contribution of the research work is in the area of Out-of-Step (OOS) protection systems. This system becomes particularly important in handling unpredictable contingencies and preventing angular instability that could lead to blackouts. Identifying and isolating unstable swings after disruptions is a significant advancement in power system stability. The development of a framework to investigate power system rotor angle stability during steady state and transient stability occurrences using DIgSILENT PowerFactory® software. The application of the proposed protection scheme on the modified Eskom transmission network is a practical demonstration of its applicability. A critical aspect of power systems ensuring stability in the face of increasing RES penetration. The focus on Out-of-Step protection systems, along with the application on a real-world transmission network, adds practical significance to the research. This work is valuable for ensuring the reliability and resilience of power systems undergoing a transition to higher levels of renewable energy integration
Bridging the school-to-university transition gap in mathematics: challenges and strategies at university
No full textThe transition from high school to university mathematics poses a persistent challenge for learners, and the gap between these two educational levels appears to be widening. In this study, we delve into the nature of this gap, exploring the perceptions of educators and students. We shed light on the unique challenges and opportunities in teaching and learning trigonometry and calculus. Our central question is: “What intervention strategies can be used to enhance and align the teaching of trigonometry and calculus at university with the high school curriculum”. To address this question, we draw upon the rite of passage theoretical model of Clark and Lovric (2008) to explore the school-university transition, and the CulturalHistorical Activity Theory (CHAT) as an analytic lens. We employ a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from a survey, and interviews with mathematics educators to get insights into the challenges faced and strategies to bridge the gap. Our findings highlight specific areas off trigonometry and calculus that students find particularly challenging. Moreover, these difficulties are influenced by prior educational experiences, socio-economic factors, and cultural contexts, all which impact students’ readiness for university-level mathematics. We also recommend several targeted interventions and support mechanisms to facilitate a successful crossing of the liminal space
Crafting of a decarbonisation strategy for the South African foundry industry: a roadmap towards sustainable metal casting
No full textThe South African government is committed to achieve a net zero CO2 emission by the year
2050. To that end, all major manufacturing sectors are required to reduce their carbon
emissions. This study proposes a framework based on CO2 emission scopes to identify all
processes involved in cast iron production using the sand-casting foundry process. Through a
systematic review of international publications, it pinpoints CO2 sources in the upstream,
internal, and downstream processes. Recommendations for reducing CO2 include finding
alternatives to pig iron, improving its smelting process, and enhancing energy management in
foundries. These energy conservation measures will greatly benefit the South African cast iron
foundry sector to contribute to reducing the impact of climate change effects in South Africa
Early recovery of natural killer cells post T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation using alemtuzumab “in the bag”
No full textBackground: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a critical therapy for haematological malignancy but
may lead to acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD). T-cell depletion with alemtuzumab, either in vivo
or ex vivo, reduces the incidence of GvHD but is a risk factor for disease relapse and poor immune reconstitution.
Natural killer (NK) cells are the first lymphocytes to recover. Classical NK cells make up >90% of the normal
circulating population and can directly kill neoplastic or virally infected cells while the regulatory subset makes
up <10%, secretes cytokines and is not cytotoxic. The recovery and balance of these subsets post SCT remains
controversial, with most studies analysing patients who received unmanipulated grafts and in vivo
immunosuppression.
Objective: The aim was to assess the early recovery of NK cells in 18 consecutive patients receiving ex vivo T-cell
depleted SCT and to compare the results to 25 individuals receiving haploidentical non-T cell depleted grafts.
Methods: All patients received myeloablative conditioning. After stem cell collection, the stem cells of the T cell
depleted group were treated “in the bag” with alemtuzumab (CAMPATH 1H) at a concentration of 1mg/108
mononuclear cells and thereafter immediately infused. For those receiving non-T cell depleted grafts, GvHD
prophylaxis was with post infusion therapeutic doses of cyclophosphamide. Blood samples were collected at days
21, 28 and 90. Complete blood counts were performed on an automated analyser while lymphocyte and NK
subsets were examined using multiparameter flowcytometry. NK cells were defined as lymphocytes which were
CD3-/CD56+. The classical subset was recognised as CD56dim/CD16+ while the regulatory population as
CD56bright/CD16-. The results for both transplant types were compared at all time points using SPSS v8 statistical
software.
Results: The recovery of lymphocytes was slow in both groups. Those receiving non-T cell depleted grafts had
significantly higher T cell counts at day 21 and 28 when compared to the T cell depleted group (P < 0.05). In
contrast, NK cells in the ex vivo T-cell depleted patients recovered rapidly and by day 21 was no different to
normal (p > 0.05), while the non-T cell depleted group had significantly decreased numbers (p < 0.001), only
recovering at day 90. Both groups had abnormal NK cell subset ratios with significantly elevated percentages of
regulatory cells (p < 0.05). However, significant differences were observed between the two groups with those
receiving T cell depleted grafts having lower percentages of regulatory cells as well as higher numbers of classical
NK cells at day 21 and 28 (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: This study of ex vivo T-cell depleted SCT's demonstrates that NK cells recover quicker when compared
to those receiving unfractionated grafts. These results may have implications for GvHD and the GvL effect which
warrants further study
Ukunqotshwa kwezinkinga: Ukuqinisa ukusekelwa okuphelele ngokufundiswa ngesifundo sezibalo kusukela emazingeni aphansi kuya emazingeni emfundo ephakeme inyuvesi
No full textThe provision of multidimensional holistic mathematics support for students transitioning from secondary school to university level is identified as a challenge currently facing global education systems including in South Africa. Ongoing attempts to select effective mathematics learning support reflect the enduring nature of a problem with multifaceted contributing factors. Despite a wealth of literature there has been little effort to consolidate diverse sources into a comprehensive and useful understanding. This study aims to close this gap by synthesising and integrating these disparate elements into a unified framework. The research employs a comprehensive rapid literature review, meticulously following the PRISMA guidelines. The review concentrates on papers which investigate the impact of specific types of mathematical support, on those conducting analyses of the efficacy of distinct mathematical support approaches, and papers proposing solutions towards improving first-year South African university students’ mathematics performance. To mitigate bias, the Rayyan AI-assisted literature review platform is utilised, ensuring a rigorous and unbiased selection process. This rapid literature review reveals a general hindrance to holistic mathematics learning support, in the form of an absence of a unified framework. We see this deficiency as potentially detrimentally impacting students, and as underscoring the need for a comprehensive approach. The findings suggest that mathematics support can be enhanced by integrating the core elements of a holistic approach, together with acknowledging the interconnectedness and mutual influence of the various elements.
Ukuhlinzekwa ngosizo olunobubanzi obuhlangene noluhlanganisa zonke izinsiza kufunda ekufundeni isifundo sezibalo kubafundi abaphumelele umatikuletsheni kuya ezingeni laseyunivesithi kuwumqansa ohlangabezwa izinhlelo zemfundo emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganisa naseNingizimu Afrika. Imizamo eqhubekayo yokukhetha izindlela eziphumelelayo zokwesekwa ekufundeni izibalo ibonisa isimo esinzima esibangelwa izinkinga eziningi ezihlangene. Naphezu kobuningi bemibhalo yesayensi, kuye kwaba nomzamo omncane wokuhlanganisa le mithombo ehlukene ukuze kutholakale ukuqonda okuhle nokuwusizo. Lolu cwaningo luqonde ukuvala leli gebe ngokuhlanganisa amasu ahlukene abe uhlaka oluhlangene. Ucwaningo lusebenzisa ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo okujulile futhi okusheshayo, kuhanjiswa ngokuqapha iznkombandlela ze-PRISMA. Lolu cwaningo lugxile emaphepheni ahlola umthelela wezinhlobo ezithile ezilandelwayo ekufindeni izibalo, kulabo abenza izibuyekezo zokusebenza kahle kwezindlela ezihlukile zosizo lwezibalo, kanye namaphepha aphakamisa izixazululo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabafundi baseNingizimu Afrika abenza unyaka wokuqala ezifundweni zezibalo. Ukuze kugwenywe ukuchema, kusetshenziswe ipulatifomu ye-Rayyan esekelwa yi-AI yokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo, ukuqinisekisa inqubo eqinile nengachemile yokukhetha. Lolu cwaningo lwembula isithiyo esijwayelekile sokwesekwa ekufundeni izibalo ngokubanzi, ngendlela yokungabi khona kohlaka oluhlangene. Sibonisa ukuthi lokhu kushoda kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle kubafundi, kuphinde kugcizelele isidingo sokusebenzisa indlela ebanzi. Imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ukwesekwa kwezibalo kungathuthukiswa ngokuhlanganisa izici eziyinhloko zendlela ehlangene, kanye nokwamukela ukuxhumana kanye nomthelela omkhulu wezinto ezahlukene ezihlangene