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An Interdisciplinary Approach to Human-Centered Machine Translation
No full textMachine Translation (MT) tools are widely used today, often in contexts where professional translators are not present. Despite progress in MT technology, a gap persists between system development and real-world usage, particularly for non-expert users who may struggle to assess translation reliability.This paper advocates for a human-centered approach to MT, emphasizing the alignment of system design with diverse communicative goals and contexts of use. We survey the literature in Translation Studies and Human-Computer Interaction to recontextualize MT evaluation and design to address the diverse real-world scenarios in which MT is used today
On the Very Idea of a Normative Attitude
No full textJaroslav Peregrin’s project in Normative Species: How Naturalized Inferentialism Explains Us is to provide an account of the emergence of normativity. He takes the project to be essential for understanding the kind of creatures we are, namely, normative creatures whose lives are governed by rules. My focus in this response is on linguistic meaning, and on the kind of explanation of language that Peregrin puts forward. While I agree that meaning depends on the intersection of many cognitions, I have doubts about some aspects of Peregrin’s conception of this intersection
The geometry of conjugation in Euclidean isometry groups
No full textWe describe the geometry of conjugation within any split subgroup H of the full isometry group G of n-dimensional Euclidean space. We prove that, for any h∈H, the conjugacy class [h]H of h is described geometrically by the move-set of its linearization, while the set of elements conjugating h to a given h′∈[h]H is described by the fix-set of the linearization of h′. Examples include all affine Coxeter groups, certain crystallographic groups, and the group G itself
Why Do Armed Nonstate Actors Introduce Codes of Conduct? Explaining al-Qaeda’s “General Guidelines for Jihad”
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Habsburg Encounters with Native America: Familiar Strangers
No full textThe central European lands of the Habsburg monarchy have long shared an intertwined past with the Indigenous inhabitants of the Americas. This volume focuses on the process of encountering these peoples as a continual action across several centuries that has produced numerous and varied instances of cultural dialogues, perspectives, and understandings. Moreover, this central European element is something that has not been considered in its own right before now and has been overshadowed by the focus on a wider Germanic fascination for Indigenous cultures. Breaking away from this wider narrative allows us not only to recover a more distinct historical connection but also uncovers the particular dynamics of direct and indirect contact between Indigenous worlds and that of the Habsburg monarchy
Ontological modeling of music and musicological claims. A case study in early music
No full textResearch in the humanities involves articulating claims about the phenomena under investigation. In musicology, for instance, scholars may assert claims about the authorship of a composition, its structural features, or its similarity to other pieces. Effective models for knowledge representation and data management must therefore document both cultural artifacts and the claims associated with them. This paper aims to contribute to the interdisciplinary intersection of humanities, specifically musicology and computer science by presenting an ontology for claims. The paper utilizes knowledge representation techniques, particularly focusing on Semantic Web languages and technologies. These include the adoption of an ontology-based data access system to develop a prototype web application to navigate through data in a relational format. Additionally, drawing from a musicological standpoint, our work stems from a project in Early Music (roughly that period of European music history from about the year 1000 to 1600), providing requirements and case studies to illustrate our ontology within a tangible context. This paper introduces the Ontology for Analytic Claims in Music (OMAC), a novel ontology intended for documenting musical compositions and associated scholarly claims. Throughout the paper, we justify the ontology in relation to similar existing efforts, elucidating the similarities and distinctions from models such as Library Reference Model Object Oriented (LRMoo). The paper presents the OMAC ontology, outlining its developmental motivations and core modeling choices. Future endeavors will focus on augmenting the ontology with additional modeling elements through close collaboration with domain experts and stakeholders. These enhancements will aim to accommodate diverse types of claims and musical entities. Additionally, future work will explore utilizing the ontology in conjunction with other techniques for data analysis and comparison
Development of a Spectroscopic Map to Explain the Broad Raman Peak for Alkynes Solvated in Triethylamine
No full textThe terminal alkyne C≡C stretch has a large Raman scattering cross section in the “silent” region for biomolecules. Experimental work taking advantage of this property provide an impetus for the development of theoretical tools addressing the vibration. In prior work, we have developed a localized normal mode method for computing terminal alkyne vibrational frequencies using a discrete variable representation of the potential energy surface. Using this method and molecular dynamics simulations, we interpret the unusually broad Raman spectrum of alkynes solvated in triethylamine. Energy decomposition analysis is performed on alkyne-triethylamine dimers to determine that charge transfer, electrostatics, and Pauli repulsion have large effects on the frequency. Molecular dynamics simulations of triethylamine-solvated alkynes are performed and uncover that the terminal alkyne hydrogen interacts strongly with the triethylamine nitrogen. Interactions persist for 3–10 ps. Using this data, a spectroscopic map for terminal alkynes is developed and used to compute Raman spectra for alkynes in triethylamine. We find that the broad experimental spectra result from the combination of a population of alkynes associated with the solvent nitrogens and a population not associated with those nitrogens. This work sets the stage for investigations of alkynes in more complex environments like proteins and nanomaterial surfaces