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A Baker's Dozen Significant Books about Rural Crime in the Twenty-First Century
No full textMost of us have heard of and likely voiced the phrase a ‘baker’s dozen’ to refer to adding an extra item to a group of twelve to make sure there are enough. This review essay will abide by this centuries-old tradition, however, out of a necessity rather than incarceration. There are now enough monographs and edited books about rural crime and criminal justice topics that selecting a trim ten, a lissome eleven or a svelte dozen is impossible. Yet, even with 13, as the reader of this review essay will discover, there are plenty more books that could easily qualify for the list. To show no disrespect for those tomes not mentioned in the main text of this highly personalized version (or perhaps, highly biased rendition is the more accurate phrase) of a baker’s dozen, the essay will conclude with a brief mention of the others
Mathematics and Thinking
Get PDFTraditional textbook-centered, teacher-led instruction is based heavily on research about how students best learn mathematics, at what stages ideas can be introduced, and of what kinds of thinking students are capable. Application of student knowledge to tasks not explicitly taught enters a new domain relying on the emotional circuitry of the brain, as well as the cortex where reasoning and problem solving predominate. Cognitive science and neural science provide fascinating insights into non-content related considerations that govern how much of their intellectual resources students will commit to a task and how long they will persist before their knowledge is accessed. Information about how the brain works and how students address mathematics is complementary to more familiar mathematics education research
Ohio's Public Hospital System: Challenges and Opportunities
Get PDFPublic hospitals have long been a cornerstone of the American health care system, providing an increased share of care to indigent and historically marginalized populations. Public hospitals have provided an increased share of their revenues as community benefit spending, often taking on added roles of community service and civic consequence. The number of public hospitals has decreased nationally over recent decades, with the forces of hospital system consolidation and increasing technological and medical complexity being contributory. As the architecture of public hospital structure governance differs by state or even municipality, public hospitals have become sensitive to political currents in their respective localities. This article serves as an analysis and commentary on the current state of the public hospital network in Ohio. While Ohio has both state-operated and city or county-operated hospital systems, special attention is given here to the latter, which have been decreasing in number at an alarming rate over recent years. Despite recent challenges, the system harbors substantial potential to both rural and urban communities alike. A call to action, inclusive of civic support and new investment, should be made to bolster Ohio’s public hospital system for the benefit of its communities
Community Policing in Rural Parts of Slovenia in the time of COVID-19
Get PDFThe focus of community policing is directly on the local community and encompasses various crime reduction and crime preventive initiatives developed and initiated through the interaction of police and local citizens. The history of the development of community policing in Slovenia has shown that, for a thriving community policing approach, police officers had to work actively and hard for many years and cooperate with local leaders and citizens from both rural and urban local communities in various ways to make positive progress. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed police activities and interfered with community policing throughout Slovenia, especially in its rural regions. This article reviews the organization of community policing in eight rural Slovene police directorates. Interviews were conducted with community policing authorities at regional and local levels in all eight police directorates. We found that community policing changed significantly during the pandemic (e.g. use of Facebook, Zoom) and decreased, because police officers were occupied with performing other tasks (e.g. security measures related to the epidemiological situation). The most disadvantaged communities were located in rural areas, where contacts with citizens were almost completely cut off. Unfortunately, the most significant obstacle to community policing practices is long-term staffing shortages of the Slovenian police
Commentary on “An Information-Theoretical Method for Comparing Completions of Contrapunctus XIV from Bach’s Art of Fugue”
No full textInformation entropy can be a powerful tool for analyzing differences in musical style as suggested in Paz et al. (2022). The application of such a tool, however, requires unambiguous operationalization of the variables being measured, and establishment of clear relations between the variables and the distinguishing features of the style. Without these, interpreting entropy, or any other relative measure of difference, leads to no useful conclusions regarding the similarity between style
Counseling for recreational drug use among patients with chronic inflammatory skin disease: A cross-sectional survey
No full textMultiple dermatologic diseases are associated with recreational drug use. Using a survey design, we approached patients with psoriasis, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa to evaluate whether the patients had received counseling on drug use. In our sample, half of the patients with hidradenitis suppurativa were active smokers, and most had received smoking cessation counseling. Patients with psoriasis were also aware of an association with smoking yet not at the same rates as the hidradenitis suppurativa population. Future research is needed to corroborate this data in a larger sample, and to establish improved means to support lifestyle changes and interventions for dermatologic patients
Study Protocol: Role of Intermittent Fasting on Disease Severity and Quality of Life in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Single-Blind Parallel Group Randomized Control Trial
No full textBACKGROUND Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a strong association with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Despite patient interest in non-pharmacologic methods to treat psoriasis and manage overall health, there is insufficient data available to guide dietary counseling. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the role of a popular anti-inflammatory diet known as intermittent fasting (IF) in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS A single-blind parallel group randomized control trial will be performed in 60 patients who have been diagnosed with psoriasis or PsA. Patients will be assigned 1:1 to either the IF group or control group. Patients assigned to the IF group will follow a 16:8 fasting IF method for the first 12 weeks, followed by the resumption of their routine diet. Patients assigned to the control group will follow their routine diet for 24 weeks. RESULTS A total of 24 patients have been enrolled in our study, with a final enrollment goal of 60 patients. The final visit is foreseen for July 2023. CONCLUSIONS This study aims to identify the role of a popular anti-inflammatory diet known as intermittent fasting (IF) in the management of psoriasis and PsA. Publishing this data will allow all dermatologists and the National Psoriasis Foundation to provide a consistent, evidence-based recommendation for IF as a potential non-pharmacologic intervention for patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA)
Perspectives on the Grey Zone of Species Delimitation With Notes on Invertebrates in the Marine Environment
No full textDefining species boundaries, or delimiting species, is a complex and often difficult task. Indeed, when such studies incorporate approaches that consider evolutionary mechanisms, there is much to be learned about species diversity and how the processes that play critical roles in speciation can impact species delineation. In 2021, a virtual workshop on species delimitation was held at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History to train natural history scientists and taxonomists on the appropriate analytical tools that can be used to help delimit species when using molecular data. This perspective highlights some of the main themes discussed during that workshop while detailing three processes that can challenge any species delimitation study. Specifically, we discuss incomplete lineage sorting, gene flow, and population structure when delimiting species boundaries using molecular data. We highlight empirical studies and methodological approaches that have successfully met these challenges under various scenarios. Finally, we provide recommendations and considerations for undertaking species delimitation studies in a variety of taxa. To this end, we recommend that taxonomists fully embrace process-based species delimitation, which can provide important insights into speciation in their study systems. For those developing analytical approaches, we hope they consider incorporating less well-known taxa, such as marine invertebrates, into method testing. Marine invertebrates encompass many dark taxa across the tree of life yet represent the majority of animal phyla, many of which are vulnerable to extinction due to global ocean change. Thus, advancing species delimitation to address taxonomic revisions in these organisms will support conservation decisions on keystone ecosystems. Furthermore, the diversity of their life history strategies, the lack of obvious barriers to gene flow in the ocean environment, and their occurrence in isolated habitat patches can better inform our knowledge of speciation and the evolutionary processes that play a role in generating diversity in nature