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Sibling Relationships and Developmental Disability Services: From Coerced Care to Entitlement
No full textThis article critically assesses the systems that structure unpaid care work for people with intellectual disabilities, with a focus on the role of siblings. We provide a preliminary analysis of this current trend in unpaid care work in the province of Ontario, Canada, addressing practices that are a) built upon a devaluation of people with intellectual disabilities, and that b) deny them choice in who provides them care. We combine existing evidence with relevant survey data to assess the risks associated with what we characterize as coercive care, as well as the many tensions that arise between self-advocacy and family-led advocacy initiatives. We interrogate the assumption that the role of siblings, and women in particular, is to take over unpaid care roles from parents. We also suggest how the current socioeconomic context of many individuals and families can limit opportunities for adopting potential solutions and propose practical avenues for future research. Throughout our analysis, we centre questions of agency and self-direction, pointing to the clash of values and inequitable outcomes that makes dominant support arrangements untenable. We conclude by drawing an ideal scenario of the publicly funded supports and services to which people with intellectual disabilities should be entitled and outline the many implications attached to this proposed model
Make It or Break It: Effects of a Multi-Component Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Change Program
No full textBackground: The percentage of U.S. adults who regularly engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and managing stress is below the recommended ideal, with only a small portion meeting national guidelines.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to test the effects of two digital healthy lifestyle behavior interventions entitled Make It or Break It (MIBI; a combination of text messaging, email, and app use) and MIBI+ (the interventions in MIBI plus the addition of a health coach) on healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors, perceived stress, health locus of control, and self-efficacy.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial with three groups of faculty, staff, and alumni ([1] an information-only control condition, [2] MIBI, and [3] MIBI+) was implemented using the transtheoretical model of behavior change. Participants completed pre- and post-program surveys using Qualtrics, assessing various health measures and demographic variables. Descriptive statistics, Cohen’s D effect sizes, and repeated measures ANOVA models were used for data analysis, guided by an a priori power analysis.
Results: Increases were observed in self-reported healthy lifestyle behaviors of healthy eating, physical activity, and stress/mental wellbeing practices. Health locus of control predicted self-efficacy for completing the MIBI program and for making healthy behavior changes. Moderate to large effects were seen for the MIBI and MIBI+ groups for healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors, perceived stress, and health locus of control.
Conclusions: The e-intervention demonstrated successful behavior change for participants
The Case for Remote Work Arrangements for Rural Youth with Disabilities Living in Developing Countries
No full textRemote working arrangements, expanded due to the growing connectivity infrastructure, can improve the wellbeing of rural youth with disabilities (RYD), for whom accessible location-based work are rare in developing countries. To inquire into this, I will first discuss the disabling barriers in rural areas, with a focus on jobs, and then present the case for remote work, discussing the recent trends in digitization of work. I will then demonstrate that improvements in wellbeing of rural youth with disabilities must be the main criterion to assess remote work's promise. I conclude by suggesting a way forward: governing the Internet as a "commons" for all
Polyphony, Uncertainty, and Exploration in Sonata Form: Commentary on De Souza, Dvorsky, and Oyon
No full textThe following is a commentary on De Souza, Dvorsky, and Oyon's (2024) target article on polyphonic texture and sonata form. Their study suggests that development sections display more polyphony than exposition sections, as indicated by lower onset synchrony. However, the expected increase in polyphony during transitions was not observed. Using the exploration-exploitation framework from cognitive science, I propose potential explanations for these findings. I also recommend that future research on polyphonic texture incorporates expert evaluations alongside computational metrics to achieve a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of musical texture
Richard Parncutt's "Psychoacoustic foundations of major-minor tonality”
No full textNo abstract available
Vaccination, Adolescents, and the Mature Minor Standard in Ohio
No full textControversy in recent years surrounding the vaccination of minors and the stories of adolescents like Ohioan Ethan Lindenberger, who went viral for a Reddit post in 2019 in which he asked for advice after discovering that he had never been vaccinated, have raised questions about whether allowing adolescents to vaccinate without parental consent is ac-ceptable. This article discusses the mature minor doctrine, Kantian philosophy, and principlism to argue that not only is it acceptable to do so, but there is already precedent in Ohio law, and doing so would be beneficial to public health in Ohio
Improving Public Health in Ohio by Refining Measurement of Paid Sick Leave
No full textPaid sick leave is an active health policy consideration. Publicly and privately funded datasets have been used to evaluate paid sick leave in relation to business, employment, and health outcomes. These findings have informed 40 states and localities that have passed legislation since 2006 that requires paid sick leave to be available to certain employees. During the same time frame, 24 states, including Ohio, enacted preemptive laws prohibiting the adoption of a local paid sick leave regulation by a local city or county. The present investigation organizes, compares, and evaluates the implications of how paid sick leave is measured in 9 datasets. Findings from this investigation can be used to refine the measurement of paid sick leave to inform this ongoing public health policy debate in Ohio and countrywide
“It’s Not Easy Being Around That Kind of Sickness”: Intellectual Disability and the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), and yet their perspectives and experiences have not been incorporated into the vast majority of research, public health plans, or social service provision. This article presents the pandemic experiences of twelve adults with I/DD living in the United States in late spring 2020. Findings include informants’ uncertainty about the virus and its impacts, difficulties navigating changes to housing, employment, and schedules, increased feelings of personal responsibility, and exacerbated tensions in professional and personal relationships. I conclude with recommendations for research, policy, and practice that privilege the lived experiences of people with I/DD during times of crisis
Copying not Diagnosing: The Case of Hugh Blair of Borgue
No full textThis article re-evaluates the case of Hugh Blair of Borgue (1747-8) from the standpoint of neurodiversity pride. This case was brought by John Blair against his older brother the laird Hugh Blair of Borgue. John successfully argued that Hugh was an Idiot incapable of marriage. As a result, Hugh’s marriage to Nickie Mitchell was annulled and their children disinherited; John and his descendants now stood to inherit Hugh’s estates. Some modern criticism has suggested that Hugh was autistic. During the court case, Hugh’s life and way of behaving and communicating, were often painfully critiqued. Exploring an autistic reading of Hugh that emphasises his creativity and love of imitation, I argue that attempting to “diagnose” him with autism using modern diagnostic criteria can replicate some of the harsh judgements that the court made against him. I end by suggesting that, as Hugh loved to copy, we might spend some time in our lives imitating Hugh