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Teacher Candidate Perceptions of Learning through Simulation Technology
No full textThis study explores the perceptions of mathematics teacher candidates regarding the use of simulation technology in their professional growth. Simulation technology, initially used in fields such as nursing and aviation, has been adapted for teacher education to provide a realistic and safe environment for practicing instructional skills. This phenomenological qualitative study involved six participants from a Midwest university, who engaged in a simulated classroom scenario with student avatars to practice teaching and reflect on their experiences. The findings reveal that the simulation technology enhanced the candidates' openness to diverse student solutions, improved their rapport-building skills, and increased their confidence in teaching
Analysis of Tree Ordinances in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and Recommendations for a Countywide Policy to Protect Trees
No full textBackground: Trees and urban forests have significant public health benefits as well as providing both climate mitigation and adaptation impacts. The tree canopy in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, had suffered a 6% decline between 2010 and 2017, and some cities in the county had suffered as much as an 11% decrease by 2023.
Methods: All current county tree ordinances were analyzed. A review and analysis of the relevant scientific literature and similar ordinances of other cities and counties were completed. The most suitable sections of the tree ordinances were determined by selecting components that had the strongest attributes and compiling these to make a single, robust model ordinance.
Results: The results of this study recommended that an ideal tree ordinance must address or mention permitting for the removal of otherwise healthy trees, while allowing for the lawful removal of trees that are diseased or pose a threat to persons or property. Balancing the interests of private landowners with that of the general public health interests would be key to the success and implementation of such an ordinance.
Conclusion: The study found that by compiling different sections of various existing tree ordinances and providing suggestions for improvements, a model city ordinance was both feasible and scalable. This model tree ordi-nance would then be used by future lawmakers of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, or its constituent municipalities in order to effectively protect tree canopy
Results of Outreach Referral Program After Failed In-School Eye Examinations
No full textBackground: The absence of childhood vision care has detrimental consequences on development and learning.1 The Vision Health Initiative Committee (VHI) was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to mandate school vision screenings.2 Improved detection does not translate into vision care. Poor compliance for follow-up remains an issue. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an outreach referral program specializing in assisting families with recommended follow-up care for children following in-school eye examinations.
Methods: A mobile vision van provided in-school eye examinations and dispensed eyeglasses to at-risk children. Referrals for in-office evaluation were generated for children with more serious medical conditions. Each family was contacted via phone call and/or text message to assist in scheduling their child with an eye examination. Results of the communications were tabulated and analyzed.
Results: The mobile vision van program completed 13 260 vision screenings and provided 2185 eye examinations to children in Northeast Ohio. Out of the 2185 examinations, 238 (11%) students required further evaluation. Of those 238 , the families of 165 (70%) were successfully contacted; 75 (45%) families had scheduled their own follow-up appointment, 77 (47%) families needed assistance to schedule an examination, and 13 (8%) families were not interested in further assistance. Of the 77 receiving assistance with scheduling, 54 (70%) families kept the scheduled appointment and received care at no cost.
Conclusion: This study further substantiates the health disparity in eye care. It demonstrates the importance of in-school vision examinations and the value of an outreach referral program which includes education and assistance with scheduling appointments
Racial Disparities in Obstetrical Outcomes: A Single Institution Study
No full textBackground: Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality is a prevalent and pressing issue in our health care system that is disproportionately affecting minority populations at increasing rates. This study's objective is to analyze data from a single institution in southwest Ohio to determine if racial disparities are present and to what extent different measures of labor outcomes are influenced.
Methods: We analyzed retrospective data utilizing the electronic medical records system from a multicenter hospital system in southwest Ohio, dating January 2019 to July 2021. The dataset included demographic, obstetrical, and labor outcomes of patients who gave birth to singleton pregnancies at 37 weeks gestation or greater during the time period. Using the patients’ self-identified race, chi-square tests and Student t tests were used to identify disparities in obstetrical outcomes.
Results: Of the 13 666 patients in the cohort, non-Caucasian patients experienced higher rates of cesarean delivery than Caucasian patients and were more likely to have higher maternal composite scores, indicating a higher rate of adverse effects during and after labor. The nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) rate was 5% higher among non-Caucasian patients than Caucasian patients. Significant differences in the length of time between induction and delivery were also found between race groups.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest the presence of unmeasured clinical and nonclinical factors that are affecting the care of minority patients, similar to the findings of current and past literature. This data can be utilized as a baseline for future interventions aimed at reducing the disparities in Ohio and across the country
‘Resources and energy development’: An International Society for the Study of Rural Crime Roundtable
No full textNo abstract available.
Ancient Introgression in Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus: Cheirogaleidae) Explains 20 Years of Phylogenetic Uncertainty
No full textMouse lemurs (genus Microcebus) are a clade of approximately 26 named species of small, nocturnal primates endemic to Madagascar. The genus radiated one to ten million years ago and is morphologically cryptic, with most species having been named within the past 20 years largely based on phylogenetic analysis of short fragments of mitochondrial data. More recent work has been focused on revisiting species designations with autosomal nuclear data using more sophisticated statistical approaches. The order of speciation events in Microcebus remains contentious, particularly with regard to the placement of the M. ravelobensis clade. We investigated support for previous phylogenetic hypotheses based on available whole-genome assemblies from six species and an outgroup. We recovered over 4,000 one-to-one orthologs from these assemblies and used concatenation and coalescent species tree methods to evaluate if differences between previous studies were due to methodological differences or to limitations from too few loci. Observed gene tree discordance was high with patterns inconsistent with incomplete lineage sorting alone. Therefore, we estimated phylogenetic networks to investigate ancient introgression events that may explain observed gene tree distributions and previous phylogenetic conflicts. A network model, invoking some role for introgressive hybridization in the early evolution of Microcebus, better characterizes phylogenetic relationships than does any binary species tree. Our results provide insights into the biogeographic history of a threatened and diverse group of primates while also highlighting an important role for phylogenetic network methods in resolving cases of phylogenetic uncertainty
Implementing Law Enforcement-Based Victim Services: A Research Note on Considerations for Rural Communities
No full textLaw enforcement’s response to victims is pivotal in mitigating the significant and long-term physical, psychological, and financial consequences of victimization, and law enforcement agencies (LEAs) are increasingly dedicating personnel or programs focused on victims. For example, law enforcement-based victim services (LE-VS) specialists are LEA personnel whose primary responsibility is to focus on the rights and needs of victims. Recognizing the need to expand the use of LE-VS specialists, the Office for Victims of Crime developed the Law Enforcement-Based Victim Services (LEV) program to develop new or enhance existing victim services programs. There is a dearth of research on the outcomes and effectiveness of LEV programs or empirical evidence of best practices, and even less is known about LEV programs in rural areas. The current paper is part of a larger formative evaluation of LEV programs. Using surveys of 73 LEV programs and intensive data collection in a subset of 10 programs, we explored differences among LEV programs by rurality and identified promising practices for implementing victim services and considerations for rural communities. Results suggest that rural LE-VS specialists may be expected to have a broader set of skills and expertise than those in other communities to meet their job demands. Moreover, although all LE-VS specialists need to understand their community context, the implications for victim assistance are different in rural and urban communities
Where Can I Sign My Language?: A Systematic Literature Review (2000–2019) of Young People's Access to Sign Language Socialisation Spaces in the Nordic Countries
No full textThis article presents the results from a systematic literature review of Nordic research studies from 2000 to 2019, addressing the question of children and adolescents' access to spaces where they can sign with peers and adults. The study is based on a dialogistic approach to language, and holds that languaging is inextricably tied to places and situations—that is, spaces and contexts in which people participate in interactions with others. Thus, acquiring sign language is not only about the child or adolescent's individual learning of sign language in an educational setting, but also about participation in sign language activities. The review addresses the paradoxical situation in the field of sign language education whereby formal recognition of sign language and the institutionalisation of rights to sign language education gained momentum at around the same time as the number of deaf schools began to decline. The results from the review indicate that very few studies of sign language pay attention to spaces where children and adolescents can interact with other people through sign language. It appears that current legislation, as well as research, emphasises the individual right to learn sign language for deaf and hard-of-hearing children, and has overlooked the significance of facilitating and protecting sign language-based socialisation spaces as significant sites for sign language learning, participation and acquisition
